Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Rule 41(b)(3) Extra-District Warrants: Probable Cause That Activities Meet the Domestic-Terrorism Definition Suffices

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Rule 41(b)(3) Extra-District Warrants: Probable Cause That Activities Meet the Domestic-Terrorism Definition Suffices 1. Introduction United States v. James Morgan (7th Cir. June 25, 2026) addresses...

STC Codes and Course of Dealing Can Establish a “Written Agreement” Limiting Carmack Liability Without an Express Dollar Cap on the Bill of Lading

Date: Jun 26, 2026

STC Codes and Course of Dealing Can Establish a “Written Agreement” Limiting Carmack Liability Without an Express Dollar Cap on the Bill of Lading 1. Introduction Certain Underwriters at Lloyd’s...

Immediate-Donation Panhandling Bans Are Content-Based; Standing and Relief Must Be Provision- and Party-Specific

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Immediate-Donation Panhandling Bans Are Content-Based; Standing and Relief Must Be Provision- and Party-Specific Introduction Case: Dennis Scott v. City of Daytona Beach, Florida (11th Cir. June 25,...

Missouri Judge-Sentencing Rule: Clark/Fassero Preponderance Limits Do Not Extend to Judicial Sentencing, and Watts Is Inapplicable Outside Federal Guidelines

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Missouri Judge-Sentencing Rule: Clark/Fassero Preponderance Limits Do Not Extend to Judicial Sentencing, and Watts Is Inapplicable Outside Federal Guidelines Case: State vs. Harris (No. SC101233)...

§ 432.070 and Sovereign Immunity Bar Municipal “Money Had and Received” Refund Suits Premised on Implied Waste-Service Obligations

Date: Jun 26, 2026

§ 432.070 and Sovereign Immunity Bar Municipal “Money Had and Received” Refund Suits Premised on Implied Waste-Service Obligations 1. Introduction In State ex rel. City of St. Louis v. The Honorable...

Holmes v. Zellers (Mo. banc 2026): Sovereign Immunity as a Plaintiff’s Prima Facie Burden in Municipal Indemnification Actions

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Sovereign Immunity as a Plaintiff’s Prima Facie Burden in Municipal Indemnification Actions 1. Introduction Holmes vs. Zellers, decided en banc by the Supreme Court of Missouri on June 23, 2026,...

Unpreserved Erlinger-Based Persistent-Offender Errors Require Plain-Error Manifest Injustice (Not Automatic Reversal); Certified Out-of-State Records May Prove Felony Status

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Unpreserved Erlinger-Based Persistent-Offender Errors Require Plain-Error Manifest Injustice (Not Automatic Reversal); Certified Out-of-State Records May Prove Felony Status 1. Introduction In State...

Wilson v. State: Prima Facie Showing Requires SVP-Removal Hearing with Court-Appointed Expert Testimony

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Wilson v. State: Prima Facie Showing Triggers a Mandatory Hearing and Expert Testimony on SVP Removal Indiana Supreme Court (26S-CR-197) — June 23, 2026 (Goff, J.) Concurrence in part and in the...

Rule 8.4(g) “Professional Capacity” Defined: A Substantial-Connection Test for Biased or Prejudicial Lawyer Conduct

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Rule 8.4(g) “Professional Capacity” Defined: A Substantial-Connection Test for Biased or Prejudicial Lawyer Conduct Case: In the Matter of Robert James Hardy Jr. (Supreme Court of Indiana, June 23,...

Unamended EEOC Charge Limits Judicial Claims: Discrete Termination and Hostile-Work-Environment Allegations Must Be Administratively Exhausted

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Unamended EEOC Charge Limits Judicial Claims: Discrete Termination and Hostile-Work-Environment Allegations Must Be Administratively Exhausted Case: Kathleen Safford v. Sedgwick Claims Management...

Anders Dismissal with Limited Review and Enforced Waiver of Sentencing/Release-Condition Objections in a Multi-Count Violent-Crime Sentence

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Anders Dismissal with Limited Review and Enforced Waiver of Sentencing/Release-Condition Objections in a Multi-Count Violent-Crime Sentence 1. Introduction In United States v. Dwight Hasberry, the...

United States v. Chicoby Summers — No Plain-Error Right to Specific Unanimity on the Timing of § 924(c) Possession “In Furtherance,” and Fleeting Gang References Rarely Justify a Mistrial

Date: Jun 26, 2026

No Plain-Error Right to Specific Unanimity on the Timing of § 924(c) Possession “In Furtherance,” and Fleeting Gang References Rarely Justify a Mistrial Introduction In United States v. Chicoby...

Rule 11(c)(1) Plea-Participation Violations After a Jury Trial: Lafler-Style Prejudice and Harmlessness Where Acceptance-of-Responsibility Would Not Change the Sentence

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Rule 11(c)(1) Plea-Participation Violations After a Jury Trial: Lafler-Style Prejudice and Harmlessness Where Acceptance-of-Responsibility Would Not Change the Sentence I. Introduction United States...

Pleading Constructive Knowledge Under Arkansas’s Broyles Act: “Red Flags” Can Defeat a Service-Provider Exemption at the Motion-to-Dismiss Stage

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Pleading Constructive Knowledge Under Arkansas’s Broyles Act: “Red Flags” Can Defeat a Service-Provider Exemption at the Motion-to-Dismiss Stage 1. Introduction Mike Huckabee v. Meta Platforms, Inc....

Tenth Circuit: Ultra Vires Exception Allows Judicial Review of Antiquities Act Monument Proclamations Where Statute Imposes Discernible Limits

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Tenth Circuit: Ultra Vires Exception Allows Judicial Review of Antiquities Act Monument Proclamations Where Statute Imposes Discernible Limits Case: Dalton v. Trump (consolidated appeals Nos. 23-4106...

Spending Clause Statutes Cannot Impose Individual-Capacity Liability Without Voluntary and Knowing Consent

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Spending Clause Statutes Cannot Impose Individual-Capacity Liability Without Voluntary and Knowing Consent Case: Landor v. Louisiana Dept of Corrections and Public Safety (U.S. Supreme Court, June...

Unsafe-Distance High-Velocity Pepper Spray to a Restrained Detainee Violates Clearly Established Fourth Amendment Law

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Unsafe-Distance High-Velocity Pepper Spray to a Restrained Detainee Violates Clearly Established Fourth Amendment Law 1. Introduction Sanchez v. Nunemaker (5th Cir. June 23, 2026) arises from a...

United States v. Long: Separate-Case Informant Perjury Is Not Brady-Material When the Verdict Is Strongly Corroborated

Date: Jun 26, 2026

United States v. Long: Separate-Case Informant Perjury Is Not Brady-Material When the Verdict Is Strongly Corroborated I. Introduction In United States v. Long (5th Cir. June 23, 2026) (per curiam)...

FCRA “Credit-Report Pull” Claims After Charge-Off Fall Within Broad Cardholder Arbitration Clauses

Date: Jun 26, 2026

FCRA “Credit-Report Pull” Claims After Charge-Off Fall Within Broad Cardholder Arbitration Clauses 1. Introduction In Deborah Glover v. Merrick Bank (3d Cir. June 22, 2026) (not precedential), the...

Borrowed-Servant Immunity Under Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation Act Requires a Jury When Evidence of Control Is Conflicting in Federal Task-Force Operations

Date: Jun 26, 2026

Borrowed-Servant Immunity Under Pennsylvania Workers’ Compensation Act Requires a Jury When Evidence of Control Is Conflicting in Federal Task-Force Operations I. Introduction Case: Michael Trently...