REDA “Protected Activity” Requires More Than Internal Overtime Suggestions; Egregious Policy Breakdowns Support Immediate Termination Absent Title VII Pretext Muminatou Bah v. Sampson Bladen Oil...
U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(c)(1) Requires Explicit Findings Linking the Firearm of Conviction to the “Other Offense” Case: United States v. Jonathan Revels (No. 23-4688) Court: U.S. Court of Appeals for the...
Virginia Code § 18.2-53.1 (Firearm-in-Commission of Robbery) Is Not a Guidelines “Crime of Violence” Under the Elements Clause; Sentencing Error Not Harmless Without a Defensible Variance Rationale...
Party Presentation Limits Anders-Flagged Rule 11 Review When Appellant Pursues Sentence-Only Relief 1. Introduction In United States v. Tyrone Kelly (4th Cir. May 22, 2026) (unpublished), the Fourth...
Party Presentation Limits Rule 11 Appellate Review When Defendant Disclaims Any Challenge to the Guilty Plea 1. Introduction Case: United States v. Tyrone Kelly, Nos. 23-4353 & 23-6704 (4th Cir. May...
Rule 804(b)(1) “Similar Motive” Allows a Prosecutor’s Cross-Examination of a Recanting Witness to Admit Criminal-Trial Testimony in Later § 1983 Fabrication Litigation Case: Kenneth McPherson v....
INA § 1229a(b)(4)(A) Requires a “Reasonable and Realistic” Opportunity to Replace Withdrawn Counsel Before Merits Deadlines 1. Introduction In Josselyn Rodriguez-Solis v. Todd Blanche (4th Cir. May...
Fourth Circuit: Maryland’s Three-Year Limitations Period (Not the Malpractice Act) Governs Fraud/Conspiracy Claims Tied to Healthcare I. Introduction In Jon Brunenkant v. Suburban Hospital,...
“No Legitimate Purpose” Under 18 U.S.C. § 1514(b): Post-Conviction Third-Party Contact Framed as Parental Outreach Can Constitute Harassment Case: United States v. Brandon Jennings (4th Cir. May 20,...
Attempted Armed Bank Robbery Under 18 U.S.C. § 2113(d) Is Categorically a § 924(c) Crime of Violence I. Introduction In United States v. Monte Emmanuel Straite (4th Cir. May 18, 2026), the Fourth...
Non-Signatory Debt-Collection Law Firms Cannot Compel Arbitration as “Servicers” Absent Clear Contract Language I. Introduction Donte Jackson v. Protas, Spivok & Collins LLC (Fourth Circuit, May 18,...
Erroneously Refunded Underpayment Interest Constitutes “Unpaid Tax” Eligible for § 6015(f) Innocent-Spouse Relief 1. Introduction In Catherine LaRosa v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue (4th Cir. May...
Locke v. Davey Remains Controlling: States May Exclude “Vocational Religious” Majors from Tuition Grants Absent Supreme Court Overruling I. Introduction In Bethany Hall v. A. Scott Fleming (Fourth...
Seventh Amendment Jury Right Triggered When “Public-Nuisance Abatement” Seeks Compensation for Downstream Opioid Harms Introduction In re: EXPRESS SCRIPTS, INC. is a published Fourth Circuit mandamus...
Wet-Concrete Cleaning Hazards and Slip-and-Fall Causation: “Open and Obvious” and Expert-Testimony Limits in Fourth Circuit Diversity Cases Introduction In Jonathan Lewis v. Circle K Stores Inc. (4th...
Fourth Amendment as the Exclusive Measure of “Process Due” for Evidentiary Seizure-and-Retention in Criminal Investigations (Including Third-Party Lienholders) I. Introduction In American Acceptance...
Geographically Underinclusive “Green Power” Advertising Bans Fail Central Hudson; Post‑Litigation Interests Rejected and Superseded Disclosures Rendered Moot Introduction In Retail Energy Advancement...
No “De Facto Upward Variance” in § 3582(c)(2) Denials; Legree Presumption Applies Even When the Amended Range Falls Below the Existing Sentence Introduction In United States v. Tyrone Davis (4th Cir....
Mandatory Criminal Forfeiture Under 28 U.S.C. § 2461(c) Cannot Be Withheld Due to Restitution or Equitable “Double Payment” Concerns I. Introduction In United States v. Rami Mahmod Mhana (4th Cir....
Post-Plea Jail-Contraband Conduct Justifies Denial of Acceptance of Responsibility; Directing a Courier Supports § 3B1.1(c) Supervision 1. Introduction In United States v. Marcus Longus (4th Cir. May...