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4th Circuit Case Commentaries

“Finality After Article 30 & Automatic Confirmation Under FAA Chapter Two” – A Commentary on First Kuwaiti General Trading & Contracting W.L.L. v. Kellogg Brown & Root International, Inc.

“Finality After Article 30 & Automatic Confirmation Under FAA Chapter Two” – A Commentary on First Kuwaiti General Trading & Contracting W.L.L. v. Kellogg Brown & Root International, Inc.

Date: Jun 20, 2025
“Finality After Article 30 & Automatic Confirmation Under FAA Chapter Two” A Comprehensive Commentary on First Kuwaiti General Trading & Contracting W.L.L. v. Kellogg Brown & Root International, Inc....
United States v. Hernandez-Garcia: Fourth Circuit Re-Affirms the “De Minimis” Interstate-Commerce Nexus for RICO/VICAR and Clarifies §3501(c) Presentment Limits

United States v. Hernandez-Garcia: Fourth Circuit Re-Affirms the “De Minimis” Interstate-Commerce Nexus for RICO/VICAR and Clarifies §3501(c) Presentment Limits

Date: Jun 20, 2025
United States v. Hernandez-Garcia (4th Cir. 2025): Re-Affirming a Low “De Minimis” Threshold for the Interstate-Commerce Element in RICO & VICAR, and Limiting the Reach of the §3501(c) Six-Hour...
De-Minimis Commerce, Digital Probable Cause & Arrest-on-Sight: The Fourth Circuit’s Multi-Faceted Clarification in United States v. Ordonez-Zometa

De-Minimis Commerce, Digital Probable Cause & Arrest-on-Sight: The Fourth Circuit’s Multi-Faceted Clarification in United States v. Ordonez-Zometa

Date: Jun 20, 2025
De-Minimis Commerce, Digital Probable Cause & Arrest-on-Sight: The Fourth Circuit’s Multi-Faceted Clarification in United States v. Ordonez-Zometa 1. Introduction On 17 June 2025 the United States...
Digital Footprints & Rideshares: The Fourth Circuit’s Expansion of the Interstate-Commerce Nexus in RICO/VICAR – A Commentary on United States v. Jose Ortega-Ayala (2025)

Digital Footprints & Rideshares: The Fourth Circuit’s Expansion of the Interstate-Commerce Nexus in RICO/VICAR – A Commentary on United States v. Jose Ortega-Ayala (2025)

Date: Jun 20, 2025
Digital Footprints & Rideshares: The Fourth Circuit’s Expansion of the Interstate-Commerce Nexus in RICO/VICAR Commentary on United States v. Jose Ortega-Ayala, 93 F.4th ___ (4th Cir. 2025) 1....
Clarifying the Evidentiary Value of Resting versus Exercise Arterial Blood-Gas Studies in Black-Lung Claims: Consolidation Coal Co. v. DOWCP (4th Cir. 2025)

Clarifying the Evidentiary Value of Resting versus Exercise Arterial Blood-Gas Studies in Black-Lung Claims: Consolidation Coal Co. v. DOWCP (4th Cir. 2025)

Date: Jun 20, 2025
Clarifying the Evidentiary Value of Resting versus Exercise Arterial Blood-Gas Studies in Black-Lung Claims: Consolidation Coal Co. v. Director, OWCP & Joseph Murphy, Jr., 4th Cir., No. 23-1989 (June...
Fourth Circuit Clarifies Appellate Waiver & Fundamental-Error Review in Civil Conspiracy Cases — Commentary on Sines v. Cantwell (2025)

Fourth Circuit Clarifies Appellate Waiver & Fundamental-Error Review in Civil Conspiracy Cases — Commentary on Sines v. Cantwell (2025)

Date: Jun 20, 2025
Fourth Circuit Clarifies Appellate Waiver & Fundamental-Error Review in Civil Conspiracy Cases — Commentary on Elizabeth Sines v. Christopher Cantwell (4th Cir. 2025) 1. Introduction The Unite the...
Waiver, Forfeiture, and Fundamental-Error Review after Sines v. Schoep: The Fourth Circuit’s Latest Word on Preserving Issues for Appeal

Waiver, Forfeiture, and Fundamental-Error Review after Sines v. Schoep: The Fourth Circuit’s Latest Word on Preserving Issues for Appeal

Date: Jun 20, 2025
Waiver, Forfeiture, and Fundamental-Error Review after Sines v. Schoep: The Fourth Circuit’s Latest Word on Preserving Issues for Appeal Introduction The Fourth Circuit’s unpublished opinion in...
Clarifying “Availability” Under the PLRA: Fourth Circuit Tightens Rules on Exhaustion After Medical Incapacity

Clarifying “Availability” Under the PLRA: Fourth Circuit Tightens Rules on Exhaustion After Medical Incapacity

Date: Jun 20, 2025
Clarifying “Availability” Under the PLRA: Fourth Circuit Tightens Rules on Exhaustion After Medical Incapacity Introduction In Patrick McGraw v. Theresa Gore, the United States Court of Appeals for...
Statutory Benchmarks, Not Voluntary Agreements: The Fourth Circuit Narrows HPA Refund Rights for Unearned PMI Premiums

Statutory Benchmarks, Not Voluntary Agreements: The Fourth Circuit Narrows HPA Refund Rights for Unearned PMI Premiums

Date: Jun 20, 2025
Statutory Benchmarks, Not Voluntary Agreements: The Fourth Circuit Narrows HPA Refund Rights for Unearned PMI Premiums Introduction In Steve Kovachevich v. National Mortgage Insurance Corporation,...
United States v. Ferguson: Admissibility of “Rapport-Building” Segments in Child Forensic Interview Videos

United States v. Ferguson: Admissibility of “Rapport-Building” Segments in Child Forensic Interview Videos

Date: Jun 20, 2025
United States v. Ferguson: Fourth Circuit Clarifies the Admissibility of Rapport-Building Segments in Child Forensic Interviews 1. Introduction United States v. Donald Gene Ferguson, II (4th Cir.,...
Extended Retention of Seized Digital Devices Pending Technological Advancements: A Commentary on United States v. Mark Bolling (4th Cir. 2025)

Extended Retention of Seized Digital Devices Pending Technological Advancements: A Commentary on United States v. Mark Bolling (4th Cir. 2025)

Date: Jun 20, 2025
Extended Retention of Seized Digital Devices Pending Technological Advancements: A Commentary on United States v. Mark Bolling (4th Cir. 2025) 1. Introduction The unpublished Fourth Circuit decision...
“More Than the Missing Blanks”: The Fourth Circuit Reinforces an ALJ’s Duty to Explain Reliance on Claimant Forms in Black-Lung Cases (Juanita Cavendish v. DOWCP)

“More Than the Missing Blanks”: The Fourth Circuit Reinforces an ALJ’s Duty to Explain Reliance on Claimant Forms in Black-Lung Cases (Juanita Cavendish v. DOWCP)

Date: Jun 18, 2025
“More Than the Missing Blanks”: The Fourth Circuit Reinforces an ALJ’s Duty to Explain Reliance on Claimant Forms in Black-Lung Cases Commentary on Juanita Cavendish v. Director, OWCP (4th Cir. 2025)...
“Undisputed Disability” – Fourth Circuit Confirms Summary Judgment Standard in ERISA Benefit Disputes (Rebecca Wonsang v. Reliance Standard Life Insurance Co.)

“Undisputed Disability” – Fourth Circuit Confirms Summary Judgment Standard in ERISA Benefit Disputes (Rebecca Wonsang v. Reliance Standard Life Insurance Co.)

Date: Jun 18, 2025
“Undisputed Disability” – Fourth Circuit Confirms Summary Judgment Standard in ERISA Benefit Disputes Commentary on Rebecca Wonsang v. Reliance Standard Life Insurance Company, No. 24-1419 (4th Cir....
“Due To” Means “Because Of”: The Fourth Circuit’s But-For Causation Test for ERISA Limitation Clauses in Penland v. Metropolitan Life

“Due To” Means “Because Of”: The Fourth Circuit’s But-For Causation Test for ERISA Limitation Clauses in Penland v. Metropolitan Life

Date: Jun 18, 2025
“Due To” Means “Because Of”: The Fourth Circuit’s But-For Causation Test for ERISA Limitation Clauses in Penland v. Metropolitan Life Introduction In Tracy Penland v. Metropolitan Life Insurance...
“Purely Expressive Union Advocacy” Doctrine: Fourth Circuit Shields Peaceful Union Speech from § 158(b)(4) Liability and State-Law Defamation

“Purely Expressive Union Advocacy” Doctrine: Fourth Circuit Shields Peaceful Union Speech from § 158(b)(4) Liability and State-Law Defamation

Date: Jun 18, 2025
“Purely Expressive Union Advocacy” Doctrine: Fourth Circuit Shields Peaceful Union Speech from § 158(b)(4) Liability and State-Law Defamation Introduction WG/Welch Mechanical Contractors, LLC...
The “Indivisible Negotiation” Doctrine: Fourth Circuit Confirms Broad Federal-Officer Removal Despite State Disclaimers

The “Indivisible Negotiation” Doctrine: Fourth Circuit Confirms Broad Federal-Officer Removal Despite State Disclaimers

Date: Jun 18, 2025
The “Indivisible Negotiation” Doctrine: Fourth Circuit Confirms Broad Federal-Officer Removal Despite State Disclaimers 1. Introduction In State of West Virginia ex rel. Mark A. Hunt v. CaremarkPCS...
United States v. Fozard: Appeal-Waiver Boundaries and the Mandatory Remedy for Rogers Errors

United States v. Fozard: Appeal-Waiver Boundaries and the Mandatory Remedy for Rogers Errors

Date: Jun 18, 2025
United States v. Fozard: Appeal-Waiver Boundaries and the Mandatory Remedy for Rogers Errors Introduction United States v. Antonio Deon Fozard, No. 22-4679 (4th Cir. June 12, 2025) tackles the...
The “Oliver Clarification”: Integrated Sentencing Explanations Suffice for Both Custody and Supervision in Revocation Proceedings

The “Oliver Clarification”: Integrated Sentencing Explanations Suffice for Both Custody and Supervision in Revocation Proceedings

Date: Jun 18, 2025
The “Oliver Clarification”: Integrated Sentencing Explanations Suffice for Both Custody and Supervision in Revocation Proceedings Introduction United States v. Donta Oliver, No. 24-4622 (4th Cir....
Fourth Circuit Aligns Title IX Limitations Period with South Carolina’s General Personal-Injury Statute: Commentary on E.R. v. Beaufort County School District

Fourth Circuit Aligns Title IX Limitations Period with South Carolina’s General Personal-Injury Statute: Commentary on E.R. v. Beaufort County School District

Date: Jun 18, 2025
Fourth Circuit Aligns Title IX Limitations Period with South Carolina’s General Personal-Injury Statute: An In-Depth Commentary on E.R. v. Beaufort County School District I. Introduction In E.R. v....
Temporal Reach of Amended U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 and the “Actual-Time-Served” Threshold – A Commentary on United States v. Rodney Crawley (4th Cir. 2025)

Temporal Reach of Amended U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 and the “Actual-Time-Served” Threshold – A Commentary on United States v. Rodney Crawley (4th Cir. 2025)

Date: Jun 11, 2025
Temporal Reach of Amended U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13 and the “Actual-Time-Served” Threshold – A Commentary on United States v. Rodney Crawley (4th Cir. 2025) Introduction United States v. Rodney Crawley, No....
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