Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Partial Traffic-Signal Outage as “Conflicting Directions”: Colorado Supreme Court Expands CGIA Waiver for Dangerous Signal Malfunctions

Date: May 29, 2026

Partial Traffic-Signal Outage as “Conflicting Directions”: Colorado Supreme Court Expands CGIA Waiver for Dangerous Signal Malfunctions Sandoval v. City of Colorado Springs, 2026 CO 34, 24SC778...

Affidavits Cannot Cure Missing Ownership Attachments Under the Colorado Fair Debt Collection Practices Act

Date: May 29, 2026

Affidavits Cannot Cure Missing Ownership Attachments Under the Colorado Fair Debt Collection Practices Act I. Introduction In Wright v. Portfolio Recovery Assocs., 2026 CO 36, the Colorado Supreme...

In re Marriage of Dale (2026): Quantitative Parenting-Time Cuts Are “Modifications,” Not “Restrictions,” Unless Reduced to Zero or Coupled with Qualitative Constraints

Date: May 29, 2026

In re Marriage of Dale (2026): Quantitative Parenting-Time Cuts Are “Modifications,” Not “Restrictions,” Unless Reduced to Zero or Coupled with Qualitative Constraints 1. Introduction In In re...

Purposeful Intent in First-Degree Murder May Be Inferred from the Nature, Number, and Severity of Wounds, Use of Multiple Weapons, and Consciousness-of-Guilt Conduct

Date: May 29, 2026

Purposeful Intent in First-Degree Murder May Be Inferred from the Nature, Number, and Severity of Wounds, Use of Multiple Weapons, and Consciousness-of-Guilt Conduct I. Introduction In Israel Estrada...

Wrongful Death Act PR Appointment Orders Are Final: No Post-Appointment Subpoena Power Absent a Filed Wrongful Death Action

Date: May 29, 2026

Wrongful Death Act PR Appointment Orders Are Final: No Post-Appointment Subpoena Power Absent a Filed Wrongful Death Action I. Introduction In Murphy v. O'Reilly Auto. Stores, Inc. (N.M. May 28,...

Deliberate-Intent Proof for First-Degree Murder Requires Evidence of Actual Deliberation Beyond Multiple Shots and Speculative Inferences

Date: May 29, 2026

Deliberate-Intent Proof for First-Degree Murder Requires Evidence of Actual Deliberation Beyond Multiple Shots and Speculative Inferences I. Introduction State v. Cerna (N.M. May 28, 2026, No....

“Accident”-Framed Reports and Coworker Harassment: Notice and Negligence Limits on Employer Liability Under Title VII and the IHRA

Date: May 29, 2026

“Accident”-Framed Reports and Coworker Harassment: Notice and Negligence Limits on Employer Liability Under Title VII and the IHRA 1. Introduction In Alma Sanchez v. El Milagro, Inc. (7th Cir. May...

Boilerplate Symptom Language Is Harmless When the ALJ Applies the Correct Standard and the Record Substantially Supports a Sedentary RFC

Date: May 29, 2026

Boilerplate Symptom Language Is Harmless When the ALJ Applies the Correct Standard and the Record Substantially Supports a Sedentary RFC Case: Edward Wolvin v. Frank Bisignano, Commissioner of Social...

Relevance Requires Defendant’s Knowledge: Limiting BDSM/Adult-Content Internet History Evidence in Strangulation Prosecutions Under M. R. Evid. 403

Date: May 29, 2026

Relevance Requires Defendant’s Knowledge: Limiting BDSM/Adult-Content Internet History Evidence in Strangulation Prosecutions Under M. R. Evid. 403 1. Introduction State v. S. Belcourt (2026 MT 113)...

“Voluntary Appearance” in an Acknowledgment of Service Triggers Rule 55(b)(2)’s Seven-Day Default-Judgment Waiting Period

Date: May 29, 2026

“Voluntary Appearance” in an Acknowledgment of Service Triggers Rule 55(b)(2)’s Seven-Day Default-Judgment Waiting Period 1. Introduction Bradley v. Yellowstone Trails Ranch Owners' Association (2026...

Nevada Abortion Notice-and-Bypass Statutes Likely Void for Vagueness: Criminal Vagueness Standard Governs and Providers Have Pre-Enforcement Standing

Date: May 29, 2026

Nevada Abortion Notice-and-Bypass Statutes Likely Void for Vagueness: Criminal Vagueness Standard Governs and Providers Have Pre-Enforcement Standing 1. Introduction In PLANNED PARENTHOOD MAR MONTE,...

Governor’s Discretion to Declare an “Extraordinary Occasion” Under Mo. Const. art. IV, § 9 Is Broad and Not Limited by “Unusualness”

Date: May 29, 2026

Governor’s Discretion to Declare an “Extraordinary Occasion” Under Mo. Const. art. IV, § 9 Is Broad and Not Limited by “Unusualness” Introduction In National Association for the Advancement of...

Interterritorial Major Crimes: Nevada’s Concurrent Jurisdiction When an Offense Is Consummated Off-Reservation

Date: May 29, 2026

Interterritorial Major Crimes: Nevada’s Concurrent Jurisdiction When an Offense Is Consummated Off-Reservation 1. Introduction In STATE v. SALAZAR (ROCKY), 142 Nev., Advance Opinion 39 (May 28,...

NRS 372.326 Exemption Applications Must Be Decided Under NRS 372.3261—NRS 372.340 Cannot Be Used as a Threshold Bar Against Otherwise-Exempt Nonprofits

Date: May 29, 2026

NRS 372.326 Exemption Applications Must Be Decided Under NRS 372.3261—NRS 372.340 Cannot Be Used as a Threshold Bar Against Otherwise-Exempt Nonprofits I. Introduction In NEV. HEALTH AND BIOSCIENCE...

Post-Settlement Release Cuts Off Medicare Secondary Payer “Responsibility” for Future Medicals (and Defeats FCA Theories Premised on Primary-Payer Status)

Date: May 29, 2026

Post-Settlement Release Cuts Off Medicare Secondary Payer “Responsibility” for Future Medicals (and Defeats FCA Theories Premised on Primary-Payer Status) Case: Penelope Stillwell v. State Farm Fire...

Failure to Provide a Hearing Transcript Compels Affirmance and Absolute Prosecutorial Immunity Bars § 1983 Damages for Advocacy-Phase Evidence Use

Date: May 29, 2026

Failure to Provide a Hearing Transcript Compels Affirmance and Absolute Prosecutorial Immunity Bars § 1983 Damages for Advocacy-Phase Evidence Use 1. Introduction In Lakeria Montgomery v. Coy Morgan...

Reciprocal Discipline in New York: Foreign Censure Enforced Absent a 22 NYCRR 1240.13 Defense, Despite Pending Malpractice Claims

Date: May 29, 2026

Reciprocal Discipline in New York: Foreign Censure Enforced Absent a 22 NYCRR 1240.13 Defense, Despite Pending Malpractice Claims 1. Introduction Matter of Murray-Nolan (2026 NY Slip Op 03365 [1st...

Disqualification from NY Public Matching Funds Is Arbitrary When PCFB Fails to Provide Joint-Filing Forms, Updated Guidance, and the Regulatory Cure Opportunity

Date: May 29, 2026

Disqualification from NY Public Matching Funds Is Arbitrary When PCFB Fails to Provide Joint-Filing Forms, Updated Guidance, and the Regulatory Cure Opportunity Case: Matter of Blakeman v. New York...

Zero-Point RAI Factors May Still Support SORA Downward Departures: Employment and Family Support as Mitigation (People v. Green)

Date: May 29, 2026

Zero-Point RAI Factors May Still Support SORA Downward Departures: Employment and Family Support as Mitigation (People v. Green) 1. Introduction In People v Green (2026 NY Slip Op 03378 [May 28,...

Credible, Job-Specific Proof Required to Fix “Last Harmful-Noise Employer” Liability for Occupational Hearing Loss Under Workers’ Compensation Law § 49-ee

Date: May 29, 2026

Credible, Job-Specific Proof Required to Fix “Last Harmful-Noise Employer” Liability for Occupational Hearing Loss Under Workers’ Compensation Law § 49-ee 1. Introduction In Matter of Kowalski v A...