Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

AEDPA Deference After Conclusory State-Court Merits Denials: Richter “Could-Have-Supported” Review and Plea Validity Based on Statutory Maximum Notice

Date: Aug 14, 2026

AEDPA Deference After Conclusory State-Court Merits Denials: Richter “Could-Have-Supported” Review and Plea Validity Based on Statutory Maximum Notice Case: Eric Thomas v. Kim Cargor (Sixth Circuit)...

Government “Pivot” Advocacy and Plain-Error Limits on Plea-Agreement Breach Claims at Sentencing

Date: Aug 14, 2026

Government “Pivot” Advocacy and Plain-Error Limits on Plea-Agreement Breach Claims at Sentencing 1. Introduction In United States v. William Manderville (3d Cir. Aug. 13, 2026) (not precedential),...

Concrete “Would Have” FDA-Approval Proof Required for Antitrust Injury in Reverse-Payment (Pay-for-Delay) Cases

Date: Aug 14, 2026

Concrete “Would Have” FDA-Approval Proof Required for Antitrust Injury in Reverse-Payment (Pay-for-Delay) Cases 1. Introduction In re: Lipitor Antitrust Litigation (3d Cir. Aug. 13, 2026) arises from...

Reverse-Payment Antitrust Standing Requires Proof FDA Approval Would Have Been Earlier (Not Merely Could Have)

Date: Aug 14, 2026

Reverse-Payment Antitrust Standing Requires Proof FDA Approval Would Have Been Earlier (Not Merely Could Have) I. Introduction In re: Lipitor Antitrust Litigation (3d Cir. Aug. 13, 2026) arises from...

§ 1983 DNA-Testing Statute Challenges Survive Rooker–Feldman; Standing Lies Against the Prosecutor Who Controls Access

Date: Aug 14, 2026

§ 1983 DNA-Testing Statute Challenges Survive Rooker–Feldman; Standing Lies Against the Prosecutor Who Controls Access 1. Introduction In Reginald Chapman v. Eileen O'Neill Burke (7th Cir. Aug. 13,...

Seventh Circuit Establishes FSMA Whistleblower Retaliation Framework: SOX-Style Elements, Actual-Decisionmaker Knowledge, and “Contributing Factor” Causation

Date: Aug 14, 2026

Seventh Circuit Establishes FSMA Whistleblower Retaliation Framework: SOX-Style Elements, Actual-Decisionmaker Knowledge, and “Contributing Factor” Causation I. Introduction Case: Aisha Putnam v....

Conservation Easement Valuation: Tax Court May Credit One Expert and Need Not Separately Articulate Highest-and-Best-Use Findings Where Parties Agree

Date: Aug 14, 2026

Conservation Easement Valuation: Tax Court May Credit One Expert and Need Not Separately Articulate Highest-and-Best-Use Findings Where Parties Agree 1. Introduction Ralph G. Evans v. Commissioner of...

“Seeking Admission” in INA § 1225(b)(2)(A) Means Seeking Lawful Entry: Noncitizens Who Entered Without Inspection Are Detained Under § 1226(a) With Bond Eligibility

Date: Aug 14, 2026

“Seeking Admission” in INA § 1225(b)(2)(A) Means Seeking Lawful Entry: Noncitizens Who Entered Without Inspection Are Detained Under § 1226(a) With Bond Eligibility 1. Introduction Guerrero Orellana...

No Strickland Prejudice from Omitted Justification Charge When Evidence of Intentional Killing Is Overwhelming

Date: Aug 14, 2026

No Strickland Prejudice from Omitted Justification Charge When Evidence of Intentional Killing Is Overwhelming 1. Introduction In Lafargue v. State (Supreme Court of Georgia, Aug. 13, 2026), Ricky...

Non-Debtor Contractors Lack “Person Aggrieved” Standing to Appeal Title III Stay Orders Absent Direct, Creditor-Protective Pecuniary Harm

Date: Aug 14, 2026

Non-Debtor Contractors Lack “Person Aggrieved” Standing to Appeal Title III Stay Orders Absent Direct, Creditor-Protective Pecuniary Harm Case: LUMA Energy LLC v. Puerto Rico Dep't of Consumer...

Florida Felony Battery Remains a Guidelines “Crime of Violence” After Borden: Borden Does Not Abrogate Vail-Bailon

Date: Aug 14, 2026

Florida Felony Battery Remains a Guidelines “Crime of Violence” After Borden: Borden Does Not Abrogate Vail-Bailon 1. Introduction In United States v. Thomas Sheely, Jr. (11th Cir. Aug. 13, 2026),...

NRS 52.325 Is Not the Exclusive Method to Authenticate Medical Records Produced in Discovery; Incompleteness Goes to Weight, and Medical Liens Are Admissible to Show Bias

Date: Aug 14, 2026

NRS 52.325 Is Not the Exclusive Method to Authenticate Medical Records Produced in Discovery; Incompleteness Goes to Weight, and Medical Liens Are Admissible to Show Bias 1. Introduction Case:...

Statute of Limitations Bars Remedies, Not Contractual Compliance: Time-Barred Share Transfers Cannot Confer “Group B” Status to Validate Later Transfers

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Statute of Limitations Bars Remedies, Not Contractual Compliance: Time-Barred Share Transfers Cannot Confer “Group B” Status to Validate Later Transfers I. Introduction Robert Martin v. Eric Bischoff...

Parker v. The Borsello Companies, Inc.: Deferential “Substantial Evidence” Review, Flexible Evidence Rules Before the IAB, and Strict Issue Preservation on Appeal

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Parker v. The Borsello Companies, Inc.: Deferential “Substantial Evidence” Review, Flexible Evidence Rules Before the IAB, and Strict Issue Preservation on Appeal 1. Introduction Prince Parker...

Tapia Limits Do Not Govern Delaware VOP Sentencing; VOP Admissions Waive Contested Hearing

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Tapia Limits Do Not Govern Delaware VOP Sentencing; VOP Admissions Waive Contested Hearing 1. Introduction In Banks v. State (Del. Supr. Aug. 10, 2026), the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed a Superior...

Amendment 833 Is a Substantive Guideline Change and Cannot Be Applied Retroactively on Direct Appeal

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Amendment 833 Is a Substantive Guideline Change and Cannot Be Applied Retroactively on Direct Appeal Case: United States v. Kenneth Steele (11th Cir. Aug. 11, 2026) (per curiam) (Not for Publication)...

Renewed Compassionate-Release Motions: Controlled Medical Conditions Fail Under U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13(b)(1), and Courts May Reaffirm Prior § 3553(a) Findings Absent Material Change

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Renewed Compassionate-Release Motions: Controlled Medical Conditions Fail Under U.S.S.G. § 1B1.13(b)(1), and Courts May Reaffirm Prior § 3553(a) Findings Absent Material Change Case: United States v....

Attempts to Produce Child Pornography Qualify as “Prohibited Sexual Conduct” and Can Establish a § 4B1.5(b) “Pattern of Activity”

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Attempts to Produce Child Pornography Qualify as “Prohibited Sexual Conduct” and Can Establish a § 4B1.5(b) “Pattern of Activity” I. Introduction In United States v. Gilberto Vazquez Gomez (11th Cir....

Deadly Force Is Reasonable Against an Advancing, Armed, Noncompliant Suspect Despite Low-Level Offense; Nonverbal Warning May Suffice

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Deadly Force Is Reasonable Against an Advancing, Armed, Noncompliant Suspect Despite Low-Level Offense; Nonverbal Warning May Suffice 1. Introduction In Wilver Catarino v. Banks County Sheriff (11th...

Pleading Deliberate Indifference After an Inmate Murder: Lane-Like Allegations at One Prison Suffice, and Doe Defendants Should Not Be Dismissed Where Discovery Will Unmask Redacted Officers

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Pleading Deliberate Indifference After an Inmate Murder: Lane-Like Allegations at One Prison Suffice, and Doe Defendants Should Not Be Dismissed Where Discovery Will Unmask Redacted Officers 1....