Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Reopening Bar for Eritrea Claims: Diaspora Activism and Family Targeting Treated as Personal Circumstances Absent Material Country-Condition Change

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Reopening Bar for Eritrea Claims: Diaspora Activism and Family Targeting Treated as Personal Circumstances Absent Material Country-Condition Change 1. Introduction In Daniel Habtemariam v. U.S....

“Understanding” Testimony Identifying a Phone Number Is Not Hearsay When Offered to Explain Investigative Steps; Strong Presumption Against Impeachment with Stale Convictions

Date: Aug 13, 2026

“Understanding” Testimony Identifying a Phone Number Is Not Hearsay When Offered to Explain Investigative Steps; Strong Presumption Against Impeachment with Stale Convictions I. Introduction In...

Loss Attribution Under U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3(a)(1)(B) Requires Substantial Evidence of a Jointly Undertaken Agreement—Foreseeability Alone Is Not Enough

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Loss Attribution Under U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3(a)(1)(B) Requires Substantial Evidence of a Jointly Undertaken Agreement—Foreseeability Alone Is Not Enough I. Introduction In United States v. Julian Lopez...

Rule 9(b) Requires Particularized Pleading of Reliance for Florida Fraud-Based Claims (Including Aiding-and-Abetting and Conspiracy)

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Rule 9(b) Requires Particularized Pleading of Reliance for Florida Fraud-Based Claims (Including Aiding-and-Abetting and Conspiracy) Introduction In Sharon McTurk v. Lottery.com, Inc. (11th Cir. Aug....

ADA Causation in Failure-to-Accommodate Claims: Termination May Be Attributable to Ignored Accommodation Requests Even When the Firing Decisionmaker Lacks Disability Knowledge

Date: Aug 13, 2026

ADA Causation in Failure-to-Accommodate Claims: Termination May Be Attributable to Ignored Accommodation Requests Even When the Firing Decisionmaker Lacks Disability Knowledge 1. Introduction In...

Retaliation Requires Decisionmaker Knowledge of Protected Activity, and Appellate Review Requires Challenging Each Independent Ground

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Retaliation Requires Decisionmaker Knowledge of Protected Activity, and Appellate Review Requires Challenging Each Independent Ground 1. Introduction In Ronald King v. Day & Zimmermann NPS, Inc....

Pleading Sets the Case: Summary Judgment Evidence Must Match the Disparate-Treatment Theory Plausibly Alleged in Union Referral Disputes

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Pleading Sets the Case: Summary Judgment Evidence Must Match the Disparate-Treatment Theory Plausibly Alleged in Union Referral Disputes 1. Introduction Ronald King, Anthony Robinson, Chris Samuel,...

Uncapped “All Costs” Liability in Florida Concurrency Agreements; Rights Assignment Does Not Transfer Contractual Obligations Without Express Assumption

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Uncapped “All Costs” Liability in Florida Concurrency Agreements; Rights Assignment Does Not Transfer Contractual Obligations Without Express Assumption 1. Introduction In Southeast Development...

Limited Leave to Amend After Discovery and the Evidentiary Bar for FHA Disparate-Treatment and Hostile-Housing Claims

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Limited Leave to Amend After Discovery and the Evidentiary Bar for FHA Disparate-Treatment and Hostile-Housing Claims I. Introduction Kanayo Derhem v. Bay House Miami Condominium Association (11th...

AEDPA “Atkins-Only” Review of Intellectual-Disability Claims: Hall/Moore Non-Retroactivity and Deference to State Findings (Franqui)

Date: Aug 13, 2026

AEDPA “Atkins-Only” Review of Intellectual-Disability Claims: Hall/Moore Non-Retroactivity and Deference to State Findings (Franqui) 1. Introduction In Leonardo Franqui v. Secretary, Florida...

Strict “Policy Limits” Exhaustion for Umbrella Coverage Under Florida Law

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Strict “Policy Limits” Exhaustion for Umbrella Coverage Under Florida Law I. Introduction RLI Insurance Company v. John Lehman (11th Cir. Aug. 7, 2026) addresses a recurring dispute in...

Turner v. Commissioner of Correction: Ineffective Assistance for Failing to Challenge Misleading CSLI “GeoTime” Visualizations Under § 4-3

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Turner v. Commissioner of Correction: Ineffective Assistance for Failing to Challenge Misleading CSLI “GeoTime” Visualizations Under § 4-3 1. Introduction In Turner v. Commissioner of Correction...

Daniel’s Law Actual-Damages Liability Requires No Mens Rea Under N.J.S.A. 56:8-166.1(c)(1)

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Daniel’s Law Actual-Damages Liability Requires No Mens Rea Under N.J.S.A. 56:8-166.1(c)(1) Case: Atlas Data Privacy Corp. v. We Inform, LLC (Supreme Court of New Jersey, Aug. 12, 2026) — Certified...

Lopez v. Ritter (2026 WY 89): Due Diligence as a Jurisdictional Prerequisite to § 1-6-301 Service; Nonjurisdictional Due Process Service Objections Are Waived; Appellate Review Limited to Orders Named in the Notice of Appeal

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Due Diligence Is Jurisdictional for Wyoming Nonresident Motorist Service; Nonjurisdictional Due Process Service Objections Are Waived; Appellate Review Is Limited to Orders Named in the Notice of...

Government Claims Act Field Preemption Bars Local Administrative Exhaustion Prerequisites for Local Tax Refund Claims

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Government Claims Act Field Preemption Bars Local Administrative Exhaustion Prerequisites for Local Tax Refund Claims I. Introduction Tesoro Refining & Marketing Company LLC v. City of Carson (Cal....

Implied In Forma Pauperis Exception to Government Code § 69957: Mandatory Electronic Recording When No Court Reporter Is Available

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Implied In Forma Pauperis Exception to Government Code § 69957: Mandatory Electronic Recording When No Court Reporter Is Available I. Introduction Family Violence Appellate Project v. Superior Court...

New Jersey Municipal Condemnation Ordinances Need Not Specify the Particular Public Use

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Municipal Condemnation Ordinances Need Not Specify the Particular Public Use Under the EDA and LLBL (Best-Practice Duty of Early Disclosure Reaffirmed) I. Introduction Borough of Seaside Park v....

Proof-of-Restitution as a Prerequisite to Readmission After Default Disbarment for Knowing Abandonment and Patterned Neglect

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Proof-of-Restitution as a Prerequisite to Readmission After Default Disbarment for Knowing Abandonment and Patterned Neglect 1. Introduction In the Matter of Mandi Deyerle McDonough (Supreme Court of...

Unsupported Mental-Health Mitigation Will Not Reduce Discipline, But May Support Conditional Reinstatement After Client Abandonment

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Unsupported Mental-Health Mitigation Will Not Reduce Discipline, But May Support Conditional Reinstatement After Client Abandonment Case: In the Matter of Ramon David Sammons, Jr. (Supreme Court of...

Drug Dealer Liability Act Claims Seeking Personal-Injury Damages Are Governed by OCGA § 9-3-33’s Two-Year Limitation Period

Date: Aug 13, 2026

Drug Dealer Liability Act Claims Seeking Personal-Injury Damages Are Governed by OCGA § 9-3-33’s Two-Year Limitation Period Introduction In McKesson Corporation v. Bolton et al., the Court of Appeals...