IDEA Due-Process Decision as a Prerequisite to Federal Suit: Sixth Circuit Rejects a “Systemic Violations” Bypass for Understaffing/Underfunding Claims I. Introduction Case: Ibrahim Alzandani v....
IDEA Exhaustion Has No “Systemic Violations” Bypass for Underfunding/Understaffing Claims Introduction Ibrahim Alzandani v. Hamtramck Pub. Schs. (6th Cir. May 12, 2026) addresses whether parents may...
First Amendment Protection for Judicial Candidates’ Ideological Self-Identification and Issue Speech (As-Applied Limits on Kentucky’s Judicial Canons) Case: Joseph Fischer v. Karen Thomas Court:...
IDEA Civil Actions Require an Administrative “Findings and Decision”: No Systemic-Understaffing Exception to Exhaustion Introduction In Ibrahim Alzandani v. Hamtramck Pub. Schs. (6th Cir. May 12,...
Fischer v. Thomas: First Amendment Shields Judicial Candidates’ Party-Identity and Issue-Position Speech from Nonpartisan “Nominee/Endorsement/Commitment” Enforcement I. Introduction In Joseph...
“Seeking Admission” Limits § 1225(b)(2)(A): Interior Noncitizens Must Be Detained Under § 1226 With Bond-Hearing Protections I. Introduction In Juan Lopez-Campos v. Kevin Raycraft (consolidated with...
“Seeking Admission” Limits § 1225(b)(2)(A): Interior Noncitizens Detained After Long Residence Fall Under § 1226 and Must Receive Bond Hearings 1. Introduction In Jose Daniel Contreras-Cervantes and...
Qualified Immunity in Jail Medical-Care Claims After Hospital Clearance: Vomiting Once and Lethargy Do Not Clearly Establish an “Obvious” Serious Medical Need (Sixth Circuit) I. Introduction John...
Sixth Circuit Limits § 1225(b)(2)(A) Mandatory Detention to Noncitizens Actively “Seeking Admission,” Routing Interior EWI Detainees to § 1226 Bond Process Introduction This consolidated Sixth...
Interstate-Commerce Nexus in 18 U.S.C. § 2251(a) Proven by Cross-State Recovery; Broad Admission of Rule 414/Intrinsic Evidence Introduction In United States v. Sean Christopher Williams (6th Cir....
Keenan v. O’Reilly: Internally Contradictory Deposition Testimony Cannot Establish Premises-Owner Notice to Defeat Summary Judgment 1. Introduction In Bernard Keenan v. O'Reilly Auto Enterprises (6th...
Interior “Applicants for Admission” Are Not Necessarily “Seeking Admission”: § 1225(b)(2)(A) Mandatory Detention Excludes Long-Resident, Unadmitted Noncitizens Arrested in the Interior 1....
Collective-Knowledge Reasonable Suspicion for “Turn-and-Burn” Drug-Trip Stops Extending Beyond the Traffic Mission 1. Introduction In United States v. Mark Anthony Trent (6th Cir. May 7, 2026)...
Waiver of Appointed Counsel by Obstructive Conduct After Fair Warnings (No Full Faretta Colloquy Required) I. Introduction In United States v. Sean Christopher Williams (6th Cir. May 7, 2026)...
Sixth Circuit Affirms Return Denial Under Hague “Age-and-Maturity” Exception and Declines to Adopt an Undefined “Stricter Standard” I. Introduction Ilyse Deravil; Legrand Deravil v. Julmise Jean;...
Pre-Brawner Jail-Suicide Claims: “Strong Likelihood” Subjective Knowledge Required; No Clearly Established Duty of 24/7 Camera Monitoring for Officer or Monell Liability 1. Introduction Case: Connie...
Speculative “PSLF Incentive” Harms Do Not Create Article III Standing for Public-Service Employers Challenging Borrower-Focused Repayment Pauses Introduction In Mackinac Center for Pub. Pol'y v. U.S....
Governmental Disability Plans Exempt from ERISA: New York Arbitrary-and-Capricious Review, Record-Only Adjudication, and Narrow “Good Cause” Discovery 1. Introduction Amanda Martin v. Fed. Rsrv. Bank...
FOIA Exemption 4 Limits and FOIA Fee Eligibility When an Agency Releases Records After a Third Party Relents I. Introduction In Energy & Policy Inst. v. Tenn. Valley Auth. (6th Cir. May 8, 2026), the...
FOIA Fee Eligibility After Mid‑Litigation Releases: A Release Can Be “Voluntary” Even When Prompted by a Submitter, and Exemptions 4 & 6 Require Harm- and Segregability‑Sensitive Withholding...