federal Case Commentaries

No Private or Equitable Right to Preempt State Hemp Laws Under the 2018 Farm Bill: Tenth Circuit Upholds Wyoming’s Delta‑8 Restrictions

Date: Oct 30, 2025

No Private or Equitable Right to Preempt State Hemp Laws Under the 2018 Farm Bill: Tenth Circuit Upholds Wyoming’s Delta‑8 Restrictions Introduction In Green Room LLC v. State of Wyoming (10th Cir....

No § 1983 Preemption Right Under the 2018 Farm Bill; Tenth Circuit Upholds Wyoming’s Delta‑8/Synthetic Hemp Restrictions Against Dormant Commerce, Takings, and Vagueness Challenges

Date: Oct 30, 2025

No § 1983 Preemption Right Under the 2018 Farm Bill; Tenth Circuit Upholds Wyoming’s Delta‑8/Synthetic Hemp Restrictions Against Dormant Commerce, Takings, and Vagueness Challenges Introduction In...

Evidence, Not Assumptions: Second Circuit’s Summary Order Clarifies “Least Intrusive Means” Proof Under the TCA and Upholds Coexistence of Vermont’s “Substantial Deference” with Federal “Substantial Evidence”

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Evidence, Not Assumptions: Second Circuit’s Summary Order Clarifies “Least Intrusive Means” Proof Under the TCA and Upholds Coexistence of Vermont’s “Substantial Deference” with Federal “Substantial...

Second Circuit Clarifies Probable Cause Across Undifferentiated Multi-Unit Homes and Upholds Brief Continued Presence During Search: Medina v. Stevens (Summary Order)

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Second Circuit Clarifies Probable Cause Across Undifferentiated Multi-Unit Homes and Upholds Brief Continued Presence During Search Case: Medina v. Stevens, No. 24-2968 (2d Cir. Oct. 27, 2025)...

Second Circuit Reaffirms No “Prevailing Party” Status After Forum Non Conveniens Dismissal; Rule 41(d) Cost Awards Are Discretionary and Unresolved as to Foreign Dismissals

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Second Circuit Reaffirms No “Prevailing Party” Status After Forum Non Conveniens Dismissal; Rule 41(d) Cost Awards Are Discretionary and Unresolved as to Foreign Dismissals Introduction In Paulo v....

United States v. Raniere: Second Circuit Reaffirms Strict Standards for Rule 33 “Newly Discovered Evidence,” No Freestanding Post‑Judgment Discovery Right, and the High Bar for Judicial Recusal

Date: Oct 30, 2025

United States v. Raniere: Second Circuit Reaffirms Strict Standards for Rule 33 “Newly Discovered Evidence,” No Freestanding Post‑Judgment Discovery Right, and the High Bar for Judicial Recusal...

When a Conspiracy Acquittal Necessarily Rejects the Core Factual Theory, Double Jeopardy Bars Retrial on Substantive Counts — United States v. Cole (2d Cir. 2025)

Date: Oct 30, 2025

When a Conspiracy Acquittal Necessarily Rejects the Core Factual Theory, Double Jeopardy Bars Retrial on Substantive Counts — United States v. Cole (2d Cir. 2025) Introduction In United States v....

Murray v. Miranda: Eleventh Circuit Forecloses Bivens Damages for Federal Prison Medical-Indifference Claims Where BOP Grievance Procedures Exist

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Murray v. Miranda: Eleventh Circuit Forecloses Bivens Damages for Federal Prison Medical-Indifference Claims Where BOP Grievance Procedures Exist Introduction In this unpublished, non-argument...

Ratification, Not Mere Approval: Eleventh Circuit Clarifies Monell Pleading Against Florida School Boards and Confirms Supplemental Jurisdiction Discretion After Dismissal (Post‑Royal Canin)

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Ratification, Not Mere Approval: Eleventh Circuit Clarifies Monell Pleading Against Florida School Boards and Confirms Supplemental Jurisdiction Discretion After Dismissal (Post‑Royal Canin)...

Certified Uncertainties in Florida Proceedings Supplementary: Eleventh Circuit Sends Five Determinative Questions on § 56.29 Remedies, FUFTA Limitations, and Tolling to the Florida Supreme Court

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Certified Uncertainties in Florida Proceedings Supplementary: Eleventh Circuit Sends Five Determinative Questions on § 56.29 Remedies, FUFTA Limitations, and Tolling to the Florida Supreme Court...

Detaining a Probationer on a Post-Bond Hold Without a Prompt Morrissey Hearing Plausibly Violates Due Process; Jail Administrators May Be Liable for Continuing Unlawful Detention (Johnson v. Tims, 7th Cir. 2025)

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Detaining a Probationer on a Post-Bond Hold Without a Prompt Morrissey Hearing Plausibly Violates Due Process; Jail Administrators May Be Liable for Continuing Unlawful Detention Nonprecedential...

No “U‑Turns” After 120 Days: First Circuit Holds MSPB Jurisdiction Controls Mixed‑Case Review and Erroneous Agency FADs Cannot Revive Expired Deadlines

Date: Oct 30, 2025

No “U‑Turns” After 120 Days: First Circuit Holds MSPB Jurisdiction Controls Mixed‑Case Review and Erroneous Agency FADs Cannot Revive Expired Deadlines Introduction In Irizarry Sierra v. Bisignano,...

Green Room v. Wyoming: No Private Right Under the 2018 Farm Bill; State Delta‑8/“Psychoactive” Hemp Restrictions Survive Preemption, Dormant Commerce Clause, Takings, and Vagueness Challenges

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Green Room v. Wyoming: No Private Right Under the 2018 Farm Bill; State Delta‑8/“Psychoactive” Hemp Restrictions Survive Preemption, Dormant Commerce Clause, Takings, and Vagueness Challenges...

Neeley v. Long: Tenth Circuit Reaffirms Rare Availability of Equitable Tolling for AEDPA Timeliness and Declines to Ground COA Denial on Firm-Waiver Rule

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Neeley v. Long: Tenth Circuit Reaffirms Rare Availability of Equitable Tolling for AEDPA Timeliness and Declines to Ground COA Denial on Firm-Waiver Rule Introduction In Neeley v. Long, No. 25-1131...

Tenth Circuit Closes the “Impeachment” Workaround: Rule 412 Bars Using a Child Victim’s Sexualized Online Fantasies for General Credibility Attacks; Constitutional Exception Limited to Bias or Motive

Date: Oct 30, 2025

Tenth Circuit Closes the “Impeachment” Workaround: Rule 412 Bars Using a Child Victim’s Sexualized Online Fantasies for General Credibility Attacks; Constitutional Exception Limited to Bias or Motive...

Ceccarelli v. Morgan Stanley: Second Circuit reiterates the Rooker-Feldman/Res Judicata divide in post-foreclosure TILA suits and requires without-prejudice jurisdictional dismissals

Date: Oct 28, 2025

Ceccarelli v. Morgan Stanley: Second Circuit reiterates the Rooker-Feldman/Res Judicata divide in post-foreclosure TILA suits and requires without-prejudice jurisdictional dismissals Introduction In...

Non‑Reserved Acceptance Triggers Inter‑Insurer Estoppel: Second Circuit Affirms Standing, Reliance, and Prejudice in Penn‑Star v. Dongbu

Date: Oct 28, 2025

Non‑Reserved Acceptance Triggers Inter‑Insurer Estoppel: Second Circuit Affirms Standing, Reliance, and Prejudice in Penn‑Star v. Dongbu Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit...

Residential Storage Triggers the §2D1.1(b)(12) “Stash House” Enhancement; DWAI Always Counts in Criminal History Under Amended §4A1.2 cmt. n.5; Appeal Waiver Bars Fine Challenge — United States v. Luizzi (2d Cir. 2025 Summary Order)

Date: Oct 28, 2025

Residential Storage Triggers the §2D1.1(b)(12) “Stash House” Enhancement; DWAI Always Counts in Criminal History Under Amended §4A1.2 cmt. n.5; Appeal Waiver Bars Fine Challenge — United States v....

Second Circuit Reaffirms PLRA 150% Fee Cap and Declines “Mini En Banc” Reconsideration in Webb v. Trombley

Date: Oct 28, 2025

Second Circuit Reaffirms PLRA 150% Fee Cap and Declines “Mini En Banc” Reconsideration in Webb v. Trombley Introduction In Webb v. Trombley, No. 24-2582-pr (2d Cir. Oct. 24, 2025) (Summary Order),...

Second Circuit Confirms Constitutional Limit on Mandatory § 1226(c) Detention: Bond Hearing Required Once Detention Becomes Unreasonably Prolonged, With Government’s Clear-and-Convincing Burden

Date: Oct 28, 2025

Second Circuit Confirms Constitutional Limit on Mandatory § 1226(c) Detention: Bond Hearing Required Once Detention Becomes Unreasonably Prolonged, With Government’s Clear-and-Convincing Burden...

Previous Next