Close-Proximity Presumption for U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B): Same-Floor Firearm-and-Drugs Placement Supports the Enhancement Absent Rebuttal Introduction Case: United States v. Samuel Barnes (3d Cir....
United States v. Arvay: “Knowingly Conducted a Gambling Business” Instruction Satisfies § 1955 Mens Rea (O’Brien) Without Separate “Participation in Gambling” Language Court: U.S. Court of Appeals...
Summary Affirmance Reinforces Deferential Review of Board of Review Factfinding on TTD Closure and Secondary Cervical Radiculopathy 1. Introduction In Katie Gee v. ACRN Resources, Inc. (W. Va. June...
Supplier-Focused Agricultural Fuel Exemption Under Washington’s Climate Commitment Act: Ecology May Implement Certificate-Based Exemptions But Cannot Police Fuel Surcharges Absent Statutory Authority...
Summary Judgment in Title-Contested Trespass Requires Deraignment of Title; Unchallenged Summary-Judgment Findings Are Not Binding on Appeal I. Introduction In ATC Makena N Golf LLC v. Kaiama (Haw....
Recusal in Rhode Island Family Court: Docket Management Delays and Adverse Rulings Do Not Establish Disqualifying Bias Introduction In Kelly K. Fitzgerald v. James W.A. Jackson (R.I. June 25, 2026),...
Rule 8(a) Requires a Cognizable Injury and a Demand for Relief; Repeated Defective Amendments Justify Denial of Further Leave 1. Introduction In Rahim Caldwell v. George Pearson et al. (R.I. June 30,...
Premature Entry of Final Divorce Judgment (Same-Day DPEFJ) Is Procedural Error, Not a Void Judgment Under Rule 60(b)(4) I. Introduction Ana Varela v. Daniel M. Monteiro (R.I. June 30, 2026) arose...
Voluntary-Manslaughter Instruction Required on a Rational View of the Evidence—Even with Defendant Misconduct; Failure to Instruct Not Harmless Under Yeager Case: People of Michigan v. Kristopher...
Colorado Single-Subject Rule: Mid-Decade Redistricting Authority and Adoption of a Specific Map Are Distinct Subjects in One Initiative Case: In the Matter of the Title, Ballot Title, and Submission...
Interdependent Initiatives Contingent on Each Other Violate Colorado’s Single-Subject Rule Introduction In 2026 CO 58 (June 29, 2026), the Colorado Supreme Court decided three consolidated original...
Mid-Decade Redistricting Authorization and Adoption of a Specific Congressional Map Are Separate Subjects Under Colorado’s Single-Subject Rule Court: Colorado Supreme Court Citation: 2026 CO 57 (June...
Colorado Single-Subject Rule: An Initiative Is Multi-Subject When Its Effectiveness Is Conditioned on Passage of a Separate Initiative Case: In the Matter of the Title, Ballot Title, and Submission...
Colorado Single-Subject Rule: Interlocking Initiatives Contingent on Each Other’s Passage Are Multi-Subject Introduction In 2026 CO 58 (June 29, 2026), the Colorado Supreme Court decided three...
People v. Ceus (2026 CO 59): Harmless Omission of the “Child Abuse Resulting in Death” Enhancer Finding and Clarification that “Results In” Imposes But-For (Not Proximate) Causation Introduction...
Colorado “Major Purpose” for Issue-Committee Status: Holistic, Factor-Guided Inquiry with Aggregation Across Ballot Measures Introduction Unite for Colorado v. Department of State, 2026 CO 56 (Colo....
“Good to Go” + Return of Documents Marks the Rodriguez Moment and Converts Post-Stop Questioning into a Consensual Encounter (10th Cir.) I. Introduction In United States v. Rodriguez (10th Cir. June...
Public Outcry Against a Religious Bidder Is Not Enough: Equal Protection/Free Exercise Claims Require Evidence the Decisionmaker Bowed to Bias (and “Irregularities” Must Be Real) I. Introduction...
Article III Adversity Bars Facial § 1983 Challenges Against State Judges Acting as Neutral Firearms-Licensing Adjudicators 1. Introduction Kellogg v. Nichols arises from New York’s handgun licensing...
Florida Probate Rules Conformed to Renamed Rule 2.516 (“Service”) and Rule 2.525 (“Filing”) and Updated for Modern Rule-Drafting Standards 1) Introduction In In Re: Amendments to Florida Probate...