Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Hash-Value Matching as a “Private Search”: Warrantless Government Viewing Permitted When It Reveals Nothing Beyond Google’s Hash-Match Identification

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Hash-Value Matching as a “Private Search”: Warrantless Government Viewing Permitted When It Reveals Nothing Beyond Google’s Hash-Match Identification Case: United States v. Richard Brillhart (11th...

Title II ADA Injunctions Require Plausible Future Harm; Federal Courts Lack Jurisdiction to Rework State Child-Support Enforcement—Dismissals Must Be Without Prejudice

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Title II ADA Injunctions Require Plausible Future Harm; Federal Courts Lack Jurisdiction to Rework State Child-Support Enforcement—Dismissals Must Be Without Prejudice Case: Kevin Glasco v. Alabama...

Young v. State: Abandonment Established on the Face of an Untimely Amended Rule 29.15 Motion When Counsel Used the Wrong Rule Version

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Young v. State: Abandonment Established on the Face of an Untimely Amended Rule 29.15 Motion When Counsel Used the Wrong Rule Version Court: Supreme Court of Missouri (en banc) | Date: July 7, 2026 |...

RV Holdings 4 v. Standard Fiber: “Doubts in Favor of Arbitration” Applies Only to Arbitrability; Arbitrators May Not Award on Unsubmitted Claims

Date: Jul 10, 2026

“Doubts in Favor of Arbitration” Applies Only to Arbitrability; Arbitrators May Not Award on Unsubmitted Claims Introduction In RV Holdings 4, LLC and Ridgeview Capital, LLC v. Standard Fiber...

Title Insurance Commitments (Binders) Merge Into the Issued Policy Under Georgia Law, Foreclosing Coverage Based on Pre-Policy Terms

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Title Insurance Commitments (Binders) Merge Into the Issued Policy Under Georgia Law, Foreclosing Coverage Based on Pre-Policy Terms I. Introduction In Maxie O'Neal Price, III v. Chicago Title...

One Opportunity to Replead Satisfies Due Process Before Dismissal With Prejudice for Shotgun Pleading; Prior Recusal Motions Alone Do Not Require Sua Sponte Recusal

Date: Jul 10, 2026

One Opportunity to Replead Satisfies Due Process Before Dismissal With Prejudice for Shotgun Pleading; Prior Recusal Motions Alone Do Not Require Sua Sponte Recusal Introduction In Thomas Pepe v....

“Lascivious Exhibition” May Be Proven Without a Sex Act (and Pattern Factors Are Not Unconstitutionally Vague)

Date: Jul 10, 2026

“Lascivious Exhibition” May Be Proven Without a Sex Act (and Pattern Factors Are Not Unconstitutionally Vague) Introduction In United States v. Plamen Georgiev Velinov (11th Cir. July 8, 2026) (not...

Disability Tolling Applies to Wrongful-Death Limitations; Federal “Without Prejudice” Dismissal Defeats Res Judicata

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Disability Tolling Applies to Wrongful-Death Limitations; Federal “Without Prejudice” Dismissal Defeats Res Judicata Case: L.G.L. v. County of Cass, 2026 ND 136 (N.D. July 9, 2026) Court: Supreme...

Graduated Parenting Plans May Not Condition Out-of-State Parenting Time on Undefined “Substantial Progress” Determinations by an Unnamed Professional Without Judicial Oversight

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Graduated Parenting Plans May Not Condition Out-of-State Parenting Time on Undefined “Substantial Progress” Determinations by an Unnamed Professional Without Judicial Oversight I. Introduction In...

EAJA Applies to Town Court Clerks When Performing Judicial Filing Functions; Verbal Directives Do Not Substantially Justify Rejection of Filings

Date: Jul 10, 2026

EAJA Applies to Town Court Clerks When Performing Judicial Filing Functions; Verbal Directives Do Not Substantially Justify Rejection of Filings Introduction Case: Matter of Moore v Town of Colonie,...

Good-Faith Repair Efforts and Ordinary Litigation Activity Do Not Forfeit or Estop a Builder’s Statute-of-Limitations Defense; Homeowner’s Early Written Suspicion Establishes Inquiry Notice

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Good-Faith Repair Efforts and Ordinary Litigation Activity Do Not Forfeit or Estop a Builder’s Statute-of-Limitations Defense; Homeowner’s Early Written Suspicion Establishes Inquiry Notice I....

Cowan v. Slann (2026 ND 131) Commentary

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Bright-Line Waiver Rule: In Non-Divorce Cases, Accepting Full Judgment Payment Without Reserving Appellate Issues Waives the Right to Appeal I. Introduction In Cowan v. Slann, 2026 ND 131, the North...

Strickland Prejudice After a Guilty Plea Requires a Showing That Going to Trial Would Have Been Rational

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Strickland Prejudice After a Guilty Plea Requires a Showing That Going to Trial Would Have Been Rational 1. Introduction In Magana v. State, 2026 ND 141, the North Dakota Supreme Court affirmed the...

Reierson v. Reierson (2026 ND 142): Incorporation of a Final Contempt Order into an Amended Judgment Does Not Restart the Appeal Period; § 14-09-06.5 Fee Awards Remain Appealable

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Incorporation of a Final Contempt Order into an Amended Judgment Does Not Restart the Appeal Period; Attorney’s Fees Awarded Under N.D.C.C. § 14-09-06.5 Are Appealable from the Amended Judgment 1....

State-Court Jurisdiction Over Private Federal Oil-and-Gas Lease Royalty Disputes; Waiver, Vexatious-Litigant Controls, and Frivolous-Appeal Sanctions

Date: Jul 10, 2026

State-Court Jurisdiction Over Private Federal Oil-and-Gas Lease Royalty Disputes; Waiver, Vexatious-Litigant Controls, and Frivolous-Appeal Sanctions 1. Introduction In White Star Royalty Co. v....

Registration-to-Do-Business Is Not Consent to Personal Jurisdiction in North Dakota (and Prior Dismissals Without Prejudice Do Not Create Jurisdictional Waiver)

Date: Jul 10, 2026

Registration-to-Do-Business Is Not Consent to Personal Jurisdiction in North Dakota (and Prior Dismissals Without Prejudice Do Not Create Jurisdictional Waiver) 1. Introduction Egan v. Metropolitan...

Marriage of DeCock: Rule 60(b)(6) Cannot Relitigate Unconscionability; “Blamelessness” Extends to Post-Settlement Affidavits Seeking Entry of Decree

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Marriage of DeCock: Rule 60(b)(6) Cannot Relitigate Unconscionability; “Blamelessness” Extends to Post-Settlement Affidavits Seeking Entry of Decree In re the Marriage of DeCock, 2026 MT 145 (Mont....

No Affirmative Duty to Itemize Copying Costs When Requiring Prepayment Under Ohio Public Records Act; Crisis-Precaution Form Not Shown to Be an Exempt “Medical Record”

Date: Jul 9, 2026

No Affirmative Duty to Itemize Copying Costs When Requiring Prepayment Under Ohio Public Records Act; Crisis-Precaution Form Not Shown to Be an Exempt “Medical Record” 1. Introduction State ex rel....

Authorization Defeats Lanham Act § 1125(a) Unregistered Trademark Infringement (and Contract Ratification Bars IP “Theft” Torts)

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Authorization Defeats Lanham Act § 1125(a) Unregistered Trademark Infringement (and Contract Ratification Bars IP “Theft” Torts) Case: Patrice Nelson v. MillerKnoll, Inc. Court: United States Court...

Cancellation Hardship Review: Substantial Evidence (Not “Hard-Look” Reasoned Decisionmaking) and Permissible Predictive Findings

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Cancellation Hardship Review: Substantial Evidence (Not “Hard-Look” Reasoned Decisionmaking) and Permissible Predictive Findings Case: Armondo Morales v. Attorney General United States of America (3d...