Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

No Negligent Entrustment Between Co-Owners Absent Superior Control; No Text-Sender Duty Without Knowledge the Driver Will Read While Driving (Mont. 2026)

Date: Aug 7, 2026

No Negligent Entrustment Between Co-Owners Absent Superior Control; No Text-Sender Duty Without Knowledge the Driver Will Read While Driving (Mont. 2026) Estate of Janice Graham v. Howell, 2026 MT...

Implied Findings Sustain Parenting-Plan Modification and Narrowly Tailored Limits on Harmful Spiritual “Influence”

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Implied Findings Sustain Parenting-Plan Modification and Narrowly Tailored Limits on Harmful Spiritual “Influence” Nonprecedential posture: The Court issued a memorandum opinion under its Internal...

§ 41-5-208 Transfer Hearings Are Limited to Transfer—No New Disposition Without a § 41-5-1431 Revocation Petition

Date: Aug 7, 2026

§ 41-5-208 Transfer Hearings Are Limited to Transfer—No New Disposition Without a § 41-5-1431 Revocation Petition 1. Introduction Matter of: W.D. (2026 MT 177) required the Montana Supreme Court to...

Unsupervised Jury Replay of Testimonial Dash-Cam Video During Deliberations Requires Reversal Absent Van Kirk Harmlessness

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Unsupervised Jury Replay of Testimonial Dash-Cam Video During Deliberations Requires Reversal Absent Van Kirk Harmlessness Case: State v. Lewis, 2026 MT 179N (Mont. Aug. 4, 2026) Court: Supreme Court...

State v. Richards: Prosecutor May Recommend PSI Financial Obligations Without Breaching a Sentence-Recommendation Plea; Unrebutted Victim Affidavit Supports Restitution for Court-Attendance Expenses

Date: Aug 7, 2026

State v. Richards: Prosecutor May Recommend PSI Financial Obligations Without Breaching a Sentence-Recommendation Plea; Unrebutted Victim Affidavit Supports Restitution for Court-Attendance Expenses...

Affirmance for Insufficient Appellate Record in Montana Dissolution Appeals (Marriage of Hutnick)

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Affirmance for Insufficient Appellate Record in Montana Dissolution Appeals (Marriage of Hutnick) Nonprecedential posture: The Court issued a memorandum opinion under its Internal Operating Rules and...

Judicial Immunity Shields Alabama Probate Judges for Involuntary Commitment Orders Absent Clear Lack of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Judicial Immunity Shields Alabama Probate Judges for Involuntary Commitment Orders Absent Clear Lack of Subject-Matter Jurisdiction 1. Introduction In Dalton D. Banks v. Tammy Brown, the Eleventh...

Pleading Title VII Retaliation Requires “Significant” Harm and Plausible Causation; Sparse, Two-Day Harassment Allegations Do Not State a Hostile Work Environment

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Pleading Title VII Retaliation Requires “Significant” Harm and Plausible Causation; Sparse, Two-Day Harassment Allegations Do Not State a Hostile Work Environment 1. Introduction In Svetlana N....

Pro Se Removal Proceedings: Immigration Judges Must Develop the Record on Dispositive, Favorable Issues Raised by the Applicant

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Pro Se Removal Proceedings: Immigration Judges Must Develop the Record on Dispositive, Favorable Issues Raised by the Applicant I. Introduction Ildar Ruzmetovich Niyazov v. Attorney General United...

No Oklahoma Tort Duty for Pharmacies to Fill Prescriptions Absent a Voluntary Undertaking; “Right Not to Fill” Regulation Treated as Clarifying

Date: Aug 7, 2026

No Oklahoma Tort Duty for Pharmacies to Fill Prescriptions Absent a Voluntary Undertaking; “Right Not to Fill” Regulation Treated as Clarifying Case: Scholl v. Walgreens Specialty Pharmacy Court:...

Louisiana Adhesion Doctrine Invalidates Unilateral “Owner’s Sole Discretion” Arbitration Clauses in Construction Contracts

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Louisiana Adhesion Doctrine Invalidates Unilateral “Owner’s Sole Discretion” Arbitration Clauses in Construction Contracts I. Introduction In MAPP, L.L.C. v. Floor and Decor Outlets of America,...

Revocation of Adam Walsh Act Conditional Discharge Requires Proof by a Preponderance Under 18 U.S.C. § 4248(f)

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Revocation of Adam Walsh Act Conditional Discharge Requires Proof by a Preponderance Under 18 U.S.C. § 4248(f) 1. Introduction United States v. Robert Boyd (4th Cir. Aug. 6, 2026) addresses the...

Third Circuit Treats 18 U.S.C. § 2422(b) (Online Enticement/Attempt) as Categorical “Sexual Abuse of a Minor” Aggravated Felony—No Actual Minor Required

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Third Circuit Treats 18 U.S.C. § 2422(b) (Online Enticement/Attempt) as Categorical “Sexual Abuse of a Minor” Aggravated Felony—No Actual Minor Required 1) Introduction In Dameon Allen v. Attorney...

Appellate Forfeiture and Pretext in Performance-Improvement-Plan Discrimination Claims (Noel v. Challenge Manufacturing Holdings)

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Appellate Forfeiture and Pretext in Performance-Improvement-Plan Discrimination Claims (Noel v. Challenge Manufacturing Holdings) Introduction In Jerreece Noel v. Challenge Manufacturing Holdings,...

Plaintiff-Caused Foreign Delay and Ongoing Parallel Proceedings Support Forum Non Conveniens Dismissal Despite Defendant’s New Jersey Home Forum

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Plaintiff-Caused Foreign Delay and Ongoing Parallel Proceedings Support Forum Non Conveniens Dismissal Despite Defendant’s New Jersey Home Forum Introduction In Martin and Harris Private Ltd v. Merck...

Voluntary Remand to Reconsider Voluntary Departure Without Reaching Merits; Exhaustion Required for Agency-Bias Due Process Claims

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Voluntary Remand to Reconsider Voluntary Departure Without Reaching Merits; Exhaustion Required for Agency-Bias Due Process Claims Introduction In Newton Scott Mulama v. Todd W. Blanche, Acting U.S....

Eqbal v. Blanche: Calendar/Translation Errors and Ignored Key Documentary Proof Cannot Sustain Adverse Credibility in Asylum Adjudications

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Eqbal v. Blanche: Calendar/Translation Errors and Ignored Key Documentary Proof Cannot Sustain Adverse Credibility in Asylum Adjudications 1. Introduction In Eqbal v. Blanche (5th Cir. Aug. 6, 2026),...

Defective Notice to Appear (No Time/Date) Does Not Strip IJ Jurisdiction; Objection Is Forfeited if Not Raised Before the IJ

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Defective Notice to Appear (No Time/Date) Does Not Strip IJ Jurisdiction; Objection Is Forfeited if Not Raised Before the IJ 1. Introduction In Maria Navarrete-Melgar v. Todd Blanche (4th Cir. Aug....

Dish Network v. Fraifer: Third-Party Infringers Cannot Invoke § 204(a) to Attack Uncontested Copyright Transfers; UAE “Collective Work” Classification Establishes Initial Ownership

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Dish Network v. Fraifer: Third-Party Infringers Cannot Invoke § 204(a) to Attack Uncontested Copyright Transfers; UAE “Collective Work” Classification Establishes Initial Ownership 1. Introduction...

Prosecutorial Consent to Waive Jury Trial Survives Separation-of-Powers Challenge Under NRS 175.011(1)

Date: Aug 7, 2026

Prosecutorial Consent to Waive Jury Trial Survives Separation-of-Powers Challenge Under NRS 175.011(1) 1. Introduction In DEFALCO (JESSICA) v. STATE (CRIMINAL) (Nev. Aug. 6, 2026), the Nevada Supreme...