Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Anonymous “Numbers” Jury Without a Record-Based Justification Warrants Reversal in the Interest of Justice (People v Zakrzewski)

Date: May 15, 2026

Anonymous “Numbers” Jury Without a Record-Based Justification Warrants Reversal in the Interest of Justice (People v Zakrzewski) Case: People v Zakrzewski, 2026 NY Slip Op 03029 (3d Dept May 14,...

Accident Theory Forecloses Self-Defense and Imperfect Self-Defense (Voluntary Manslaughter) Instructions in New Mexico

Date: May 14, 2026

Accident Theory Forecloses Self-Defense and Imperfect Self-Defense (Voluntary Manslaughter) Instructions in New Mexico Case: State v. Lopez (No. S-1-SC-40306) Court: Supreme Court of New Mexico Date:...

Delaware Rule: “Non-Capital” First-Degree Murder Still Sentenced Under § 4209; No Jury-Found Aggravator Needed for Mandatory Life Without Parole

Date: May 14, 2026

Delaware Rule: “Non-Capital” First-Degree Murder Still Sentenced Under § 4209; No Jury-Found Aggravator Needed for Mandatory Life Without Parole 1. Introduction In Cruz-Webster v. State (Del. May 8,...

Voluntary-Discontinuance Waives CPLR 205-a Savings in Foreclosure Refilings After Acceleration

Date: May 14, 2026

Voluntary-Discontinuance Waives CPLR 205-a Savings in Foreclosure Refilings After Acceleration 1. Introduction In Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Cahn (2026 NY Slip Op 02965), the Appellate...

Gifts and Managed Rents May Support Income Imputation; Separate-Property Appreciation Remains Separate Absent Proof Beyond Market Forces

Date: May 14, 2026

Gifts and Managed Rents May Support Income Imputation; Separate-Property Appreciation Remains Separate Absent Proof Beyond Market Forces 1. Introduction In Yadira Xiaohong Luo v Kyan Htwe Lee (2026...

Classification Limitation Endorsements Confine CGL Coverage to Listed Operations; No Insurance Law § 3420(d)(2) Disclaimer Needed When Claims Fall Outside the Coverage Grant

Date: May 14, 2026

Classification Limitation Endorsements Confine CGL Coverage to Listed Operations; No Insurance Law § 3420(d)(2) Disclaimer Needed When Claims Fall Outside the Coverage Grant Case: AIX Specialty Ins....

Prior Owners: Premises-Liability Exposure May Survive Conveyance Under Labor Law § 200/Common-Law Negligence, But Not Under Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6); No Standalone Counterclaim for 22 NYCRR 130-1.1 Sanctions

Date: May 14, 2026

Prior Owners: Premises-Liability Exposure May Survive Conveyance Under Labor Law § 200/Common-Law Negligence, But Not Under Labor Law §§ 240(1) and 241(6); No Standalone Counterclaim for 22 NYCRR...

SIJS/Guardianship: No Birth-Certificate Filing Requirement Under FCA § 661; Family Court Must Ascertain Age and Make SIJS Findings on a Sufficient Record

Date: May 14, 2026

SIJS/Guardianship: No Birth-Certificate Filing Requirement Under FCA § 661; Family Court Must Ascertain Age and Make SIJS Findings on a Sufficient Record Case: Matter of Jefferson D.O.M. (Maria...

Standing Proven by Stapled Allonges and Counsel’s Possession Affirmation in New York Foreclosures

Date: May 14, 2026

Standing Proven by Stapled Allonges and Counsel’s Possession Affirmation in New York Foreclosures 1. Introduction Wilmington Sav. Fund Socy., FSB v Kelly (2026 NY Slip Op 03022 [249 AD3d 947] [2d...

Foreclosure Summary Judgment Requires Identified/Annexed Business Records to Prove Default; New Default Grounds Cannot Be Raised for First Time in Reply

Date: May 14, 2026

Foreclosure Summary Judgment Requires Identified/Annexed Business Records to Prove Default; New Default Grounds Cannot Be Raised for First Time in Reply 1. Introduction Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co....

Romanova v. Glatzer — CPLR 3126 Dismissal Where Plaintiff’s “Affidavit of Merit” Is Speculative and Lacks Specialty Foundation

Date: May 14, 2026

CPLR 3126 Dismissal Is Warranted When a Court-Ordered Medical “Affidavit of Merit” Is Conclusory, Omits Causation/Standard of Care, and Lacks Foundation for Cross-Specialty Opinions Case: Romanova v...

Strict Proof Requirements for Foreclosure Standing, RPAPL 1303 Compliance, and Vacatur of an Allegedly Erroneous Satisfaction

Date: May 14, 2026

Strict Proof Requirements for Foreclosure Standing, RPAPL 1303 Compliance, and Vacatur of an Allegedly Erroneous Satisfaction 1. Introduction In U.S. Bank Trust N.A. v. McAllister (2026 NY Slip Op...

Economic-Development Grants Under Texas Constitution Article III, Section 52-a Remain Subject to the Gift Clauses

Date: May 13, 2026

Economic-Development Grants Under Texas Constitution Article III, Section 52-a Remain Subject to the Gift Clauses 1. Introduction Case: JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. v. City of Corsicana and Navarro...

New Mexico Adopts a “High Level of Deference” to an Agency’s Interpretation of Its Own Prior Orders

Date: May 13, 2026

New Mexico Adopts a “High Level of Deference” to an Agency’s Interpretation of Its Own Prior Orders I. Introduction City of Las Cruces v. N.M. Pub. Regul. Comm'n (N.M. May 11, 2026) arises from...

Standing to Challenge an Unlawful Tax: “Pocketbook Injury” Triggers Ordinary Standing; “Taxpayer Standing” Limits and “Disruption” Concerns Do Not Defeat Jurisdiction

Date: May 13, 2026

Standing to Challenge an Unlawful Tax: “Pocketbook Injury” Triggers Ordinary Standing; “Taxpayer Standing” Limits and “Disruption” Concerns Do Not Defeat Jurisdiction I. Introduction In RYAN BUSSE,...

State v. Aragon: New Mexico Adopts Smith v. Arizona’s Confrontation Rule for Surrogate Forensic Opinions and Reinforces Double-Jeopardy Limits on Multiple Tampering Counts

Date: May 13, 2026

State v. Aragon: New Mexico Adopts Smith v. Arizona’s Confrontation Rule for Surrogate Forensic Opinions and Reinforces Double-Jeopardy Limits on Multiple Tampering Counts I. Introduction In State v....

Healey/Wise v. State of Missouri: Compactness Under Mo. Const. art. III, §45 Is a Totality-of-the-Evidence Inquiry; Statistical Metrics and Historical Map Comparisons Are Proper, and “Communities of Interest” Are Not Dispositive

Date: May 13, 2026

Healey/Wise v. State of Missouri: Compactness Under Mo. Const. art. III, §45 Is a Totality-of-the-Evidence Inquiry; Statistical Metrics and Historical Map Comparisons Are Proper, and “Communities of...

Private Termination Due Process: Case-by-Case Appointed Counsel (Including on Appeal) and County-Funded Appellate Records/Transcripts

Date: May 13, 2026

Private Termination Due Process: Case-by-Case Appointed Counsel (Including on Appeal) and County-Funded Appellate Records/Transcripts I. Introduction This consolidated Opinion on Order to Show Cause...

Watson v. Roanoke Is. Historical Assn.: Prior Sexual Abuse Does Not Expand “Intimate Parts” for Penal Law § 130.52 Forcible Touching (ASA Predicate)

Date: May 13, 2026

Prior Sexual Abuse Does Not Expand “Intimate Parts” for Penal Law § 130.52 Forcible Touching (ASA Predicate) 1. Introduction Watson v Roanoke Is. Historical Assn., 2026 NY Slip Op 02949 (App Div 1st...

State v. Gutierrez: No Entitlement to Continue Sentencing to Obtain an Unsheduled Psychosexual Evaluation; Fixed Life Sentence Affirmed

Date: May 13, 2026

State v. Gutierrez: No Entitlement to Continue Sentencing to Obtain an Unsheduled Psychosexual Evaluation; Fixed Life Sentence Affirmed Introduction In State v. Gutierrez (Idaho Supreme Court, May...