Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Joseph Dean v. Roku Inc.: Corporate-Injury Antitrust Claims Require the Plaintiff’s Own Article III Injury; Jurisdictional Dismissals Must Be Without Prejudice

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Corporate-Injury Antitrust Claims Require the Plaintiff’s Own Article III Injury; Jurisdictional Dismissals Must Be Without Prejudice 1. Introduction Joseph Dean v. Roku Inc. (11th Cir. July 1, 2026)...

Changed Sufficiency Theory on Appeal Triggers Plain-Error Review; Circumstantial Proof Can Sustain Postal-Bribery and Check-Fraud Conspiracy Convictions

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Changed Sufficiency Theory on Appeal Triggers Plain-Error Review; Circumstantial Proof Can Sustain Postal-Bribery and Check-Fraud Conspiracy Convictions 1. Introduction In United States v. Michael...

FDLE Certification and Emergency-Response Duties as Essential Functions: Limits on ADA Accommodation, FMLA Reinstatement, and USERRA Proof

Date: Jul 2, 2026

FDLE Certification and Emergency-Response Duties as Essential Functions: Limits on ADA Accommodation, FMLA Reinstatement, and USERRA Proof Case: Will Twigg v. Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office...

§ 1981 Requires But-For Causation Tied to the Decisionmaker: Ambiguous Remarks and Nondecisionmaker Animus Are Insufficient

Date: Jul 2, 2026

§ 1981 Requires But-For Causation Tied to the Decisionmaker: Ambiguous Remarks and Nondecisionmaker Animus Are Insufficient Introduction In Adrian Clark v. Publix Super Markets, Inc. (11th Cir. July...

Relevant-Conduct Anchoring for Minor-Role and “Verge of Completion” Limits on § 2X1.1(b) Reductions in Money-Laundering Conspiracies

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Relevant-Conduct Anchoring for Minor-Role and “Verge of Completion” Limits on § 2X1.1(b) Reductions in Money-Laundering Conspiracies I. Introduction In United States v. Alejandra Florez-Meza (11th...

Policy-Based ADA/RA Damages Claims Require a Pattern of Similar ADA Violations to Plead Deliberate Indifference

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Policy-Based ADA/RA Damages Claims Require a Pattern of Similar ADA Violations to Plead Deliberate Indifference Case: Deborah Laubscher v. Gwinnett County (11th Cir. July 1, 2026) (Not for...

Ambiguous Prison Video Does Not Defeat Inmate Testimony at Summary Judgment in Eighth Amendment Excessive-Force Claims

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Ambiguous Prison Video Does Not Defeat Inmate Testimony at Summary Judgment in Eighth Amendment Excessive-Force Claims I. Introduction In Akeem Muhammad v. B. Turner (11th Cir. July 1, 2026)...

Profane or Abusive Filings as Direct Contempt: Nebraska Supreme Court’s Inherent Power to Strike Petitions and Impose IFP Anti-Abuse Filing Conditions

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Profane or Abusive Filings as Direct Contempt: Nebraska Supreme Court’s Inherent Power to Strike Petitions and Impose IFP Anti-Abuse Filing Conditions 1. Introduction Npimnee v. Shiffermiller, 321...

Liberal Permissive Intervention for Fair Rent Commissions to Protect Institutional Authority in Related Summary Process Actions

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Liberal Permissive Intervention for Fair Rent Commissions to Protect Institutional Authority in Related Summary Process Actions 1. Introduction In Kosel Equity, LLC v. MacGregor (Conn. June 30,...

Contempt-Based Striking of Appellate Filings and Enhanced In Forma Pauperis Screening for Abusive Litigants

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Contempt-Based Striking of Appellate Filings and Enhanced In Forma Pauperis Screening for Abusive Litigants 1. Introduction Npimnee v. Shiffermiller, 321 Neb. 700 (Neb. June 26, 2026) (per curiam),...

Threshold Mootness in Declaratory Actions: Nebraska Courts May Dismiss as Moot Without First Deciding Standing

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Threshold Mootness in Declaratory Actions: Nebraska Courts May Dismiss as Moot Without First Deciding Standing 1. Introduction Common Cause v. Evnen, 321 Neb. 682 (Neb. June 26, 2026), arose from a...

State v. German (2026): Layered Ineffective-Assistance Claims Must Plead Appellate Counsel’s “Knew or Should Have Known” Basis and Outcome-Changing Prejudice

Date: Jul 2, 2026

State v. German (2026): Layered Ineffective-Assistance Claims Must Plead Appellate Counsel’s “Knew or Should Have Known” Basis and Outcome-Changing Prejudice I. Introduction In State v. German, 321...

Fischer v. Southeast Community College — Generalized Assignments of Error Trigger Plain-Error-Only Review; Jurisdiction Still Reviewed Normally

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Fischer v. Southeast Community College: Generalized Assignments of Error Trigger Plain-Error-Only Review, While Jurisdiction Is Reviewed Under Ordinary Standards I. Introduction Case: Fischer v....

Hearing Officers Cannot Issue Juvenile Arrest/Search Warrants; De Facto Officer Doctrine Preserves Pre-Decision Warrants

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Hearing Officers Cannot Issue Juvenile Arrest/Search Warrants; De Facto Officer Doctrine Preserves Pre-Decision Warrants 1. Introduction In State of Louisiana v. Messiah Owney (La. 2026-06-29), the...

Louisiana C.C.P. art. 934 Is Self-Executing: Failure to Timely Amend After a Sustained Peremptory Exception Automatically Dismisses the Action

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Louisiana C.C.P. art. 934 Is Self-Executing: Failure to Timely Amend After a Sustained Peremptory Exception Automatically Dismisses the Action 1. Introduction In C/W 2026-C-00057, LUBA Workers Comp...

La. R.S. 23:1208 Forfeiture Is Prospective From the Misrepresentation Date (Not Retroactive to the Accident)

Date: Jul 2, 2026

La. R.S. 23:1208 Forfeiture Is Prospective From the Misrepresentation Date (Not Retroactive to the Accident) Introduction In Johnny Cousain v. Smitty's Supply, Inc. and National Union Fire Insurance...

Principal Liability Need Not Be Pleaded or Proven as Shooter to Sustain Second Degree Murder Conviction on Circumstantial Evidence

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Principal Liability Need Not Be Pleaded or Proven as Shooter to Sustain Second Degree Murder Conviction on Circumstantial Evidence 1. Introduction In State of Louisiana v. Curtis Lee Stewart, Jr....

Louisiana’s First Application of La. C.Cr.P. art. 926.2: “New” Factual-Innocence Evidence Opens the Door to Considering All Relevant Evidence and Vacating a Capital Conviction Under art. 930.3(8)

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Louisiana’s First Application of La. C.Cr.P. art. 926.2: “New” Factual-Innocence Evidence Opens the Door to Considering All Relevant Evidence and Vacating a Capital Conviction Under art. 930.3(8)...

State v. Ragin: Overproduced Cell-Phone Records—Retention/Use Is Challengeable Without a Second Warrant, but Suppression Is Not Automatic

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Overproduced Cell-Phone Records: Retention/Use Without a Second Warrant Is Constitutionally Challengeable, but Suppression Is Not Automatic I. Introduction In State v. Ragin (Conn. June 30, 2026),...

Hilton v. Commissioner of Correction: Lapointe Is an Exceptional Clear-Error Case, Not a New Expert-Credibility Standard Under Strickland

Date: Jul 2, 2026

Hilton v. Commissioner of Correction: Lapointe Is an Exceptional Clear-Error Case, Not a New Expert-Credibility Standard Under Strickland 1. Introduction In Hilton v. Commissioner of Correction...