Omitted “Resulted in Death” Enhancer Finding in Colorado Child Abuse Trials: Error, But Potentially Harmless Beyond a Reasonable Doubt; “Results in” Means But-For Causation Case: The People of the...
Colorado Single-Subject Rule: An Initiative Violates the Single Subject Requirement When Its Effectiveness Is Conditioned on Passage of a Separate Initiative Decision: Balink v. Nathan (In re Title,...
§ 13-81-103(1)(b) Imposes a One-Year Survival-Action Deadline for Decedents Under Disability Regardless of Legal Representative 1. Introduction In City of Grand Junction & Pub. Serv. Co. of Colo. v....
§922(g)(4) After Rahimi and Hemani: As-Applied Validity Turns on Current Dangerousness and an Evidentiary Record Case: United States v. Jonathan S. Rose (7th Cir. July 2, 2026) Panel: Easterbrook,...
Rule 16(b)(1)(A) Defense Production May Support Rule 901(b)(4) Authentication Without Violating the Right to Testify I. Introduction In United States v. Luisito Espanola (7th Cir. July 1, 2026), the...
Performance-Based Violence by Sports Hooligans Lacks “Nexus” to Asylum Protected Grounds; New Social Group Theories Must Be Raised Before the IJ Case: Bojan Andric v. Todd W. Blanche, No. 25-1448...
Paragon Metals: Anti-Reliance Clauses Do Not Impose a “Reasonable Due Diligence” Duty or Bar Contractual Fraud Absent True Willful Blindness Case: Paragon Metals Holdings, LLC v. Michael J. Smith...
Dismissal With Prejudice of a Pro Se In Forma Pauperis Shotgun Pleading After Notice and a Final Opportunity to Amend 1. Introduction In Ivette Echenique v. Hamilton Hospital, the Eleventh Circuit...
Rutherford Bars Compassionate Release Based on Nonretroactive Statutory Sentencing Changes; Age Alone Does Not Satisfy § 1B1.13(b)(2) I. Introduction United States v. Gilberto Chineag (11th Cir. July...
State v. Wright (2026): SB 751 Discovery Amendments Apply by Alleged Offense Date, Not Charging Date 1. Introduction Case: State v. Wright, 375 Or 383 (Supreme Court of Oregon, July 2, 2026)...
Rational-Basis Validation of Time-Limited “Specified Landowner” Exclusion Rights in Utah Municipal Incorporations Case: McCaffrey v. Anderson, 2026 UT 14 (Utah Sup. Ct. July 2, 2026) 1. Introduction...
Temporal Proximity Does Not Prove Retaliation Causation When Discipline Was Already Underway Introduction In Wanda Jean-Baptiste v. City of Miami (11th Cir. July 2, 2026) (unpublished), the Eleventh...
Drug-Dog Alert During an Ongoing Traffic Stop Establishes Automobile-Exception Probable Cause; Marijuana Odor and “Shake” Support Search and Arrest 1. Introduction In United States v. Nicholas Smith...
JSIN Sentencing Averages, Without Defendant-Specific Comparators, Do Not Show an Unwarranted § 3553(a)(6) Disparity 1. Introduction United States v. Uwa Nosakhare (11th Cir. July 1, 2026) is an...
Seniority-Plan Changes Are Discrete Title VII Acts Triggering the 180-Day EEOC Clock; Speculative Race Inferences and a Single Non-Racial Text Cannot Plead Discrimination or Hostile Environment 1....
Constructive Possession Plus Penal Law § 265.15(4) Presumption Can Prove CPW 2°; a Single Belated Disclosure Does Not Invalidate a COC Without a Due-Diligence Failure 1. Introduction People v Harrell...
Faxed DME Orders and OMIG Recoupment: DME Policy Guidelines as Non‑SAPA Interpretive Directives and the Enforceable “Wet Signature” Requirement (Audit-Period Compliance Controls) 1. Introduction...
Billed Hourly Rates Presumptively Set the Lodestar in Nevada Civil-Contempt Fee Awards Under NRS 22.100(3) 1. Introduction Lytle Trust v. Gerry R. Zobrist and Jolin G. Zobrist Family Trust (142 Nev.,...
Custodial-Parent Kidnapping in New York: Evasive Out-of-State Secreting Supports “Abduction,” Defeats Penal Law § 135.30, and Establishes Territorial Jurisdiction When Intent Manifests In-State 1....
No “Diligent Efforts” Duty in Social Services Law § 384-b Abandonment Proceedings; Valid Pro Se Waiver Requires a Searching Inquiry Case: Matter of Wanye D. (Quincy D.), 2026 NY Slip Op 04244 (App....