Affirmative Acts Tolling Rule: Unwritten “No-Poach” Conspiracies and the Sherman Act Statute of Limitations Introduction This commentary examines the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth...
Restricting the Substantial Identity Exception Under Title VII’s Exhaustion Requirement Introduction Harry A. Bolden, a Black male former billing specialist at CAEI, brought suit against CAEI and its...
Requirement of Reasoned Explanation for Denial of Asylum Based on Private‐Actor Persecution Introduction In the unpublished per curiam decision Yamilet Del Carmen Garcia Chavez v. Pamela Bondi, No....
Ensuring Material Consistency in Supervised Release Conditions under Rogers: United States v. Aughenbaugh Introduction In United States v. Ryan Aughenbaugh, decided May 7, 2025, the Fourth Circuit...
Fourth Circuit Clarifies Noerr-Pennington Immunity for Contested TCPA Suits: Sham Litigation Exception Refined Introduction This case arises from a 2019 suit brought by Navient Solutions, LLC...
Judicial Determination of Felony Status as a Question of Law: United States v. Steven Fulton Introduction United States v. Steven Fulton, decided May 6, 2025 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the...
Materiality of Omitted Administrative Rulings in Probable Cause Determinations Introduction Megan Hedgepeth v. Nash County is an unpublished Fourth Circuit decision addressing the interplay between...
Incorporation of Standard Supervised-Release Conditions and Controlled Substance Offense Clarification under the Fourth Circuit Sentencing Guidelines Introduction The Fourth Circuit’s unpublished per...
Defining the Boundaries of Noerr-Pennington Immunity for Litigation Series: Navient v. Lohman Introduction In Navient Solutions, LLC v. Jeffrey Lohman, 23-2109 & 23-2163 (4th Cir. 2025), the U.S....
Availability of Administrative Remedies under the PLRA Not Excused by Initial Mishandling of Grievance Forms Introduction This case arises from a pro se lawsuit filed by Gary Porter, an inmate at...
Recognition of Foreign‐Law Enforcement Tips as Sufficient Basis for Probable Cause in Dark Web Child Pornography Investigations Introduction The Fourth Circuit’s decision in United States v. Raymond...
Aggravated Felony Attempted Theft: State Unarmed Assault with Intent to Rob or Steal as a Categorical Match under the INA Introduction In Samir Fernandes Baptista v. Pamela Jo Bondi, the United...
Constitutional Limits on Geofence Warrants: Particularized Probable Cause for Non-Anonymous Location Data Introduction United States v. Okello Chatrie, No. 22-4489 (4th Cir. en banc Apr. 30, 2025),...
Jury Determination and Harmless-Error Review for ACCA’s “Different Occasions” Element Introduction United States v. Trevor Boggs, decided April 30, 2025 by the Fourth Circuit, addressed whether the...
Establishing Boundaries for Consent in Warrantless Protective Sweeps: United States v. Alvarado Dubon Introduction United States v. Julio Cesar Alvarado Dubon (Fourth Circuit, April 30, 2025)...
Clarifying the Threshold for Convention Against Torture Relief: Aggregate Risk and Chain-of-Events Analysis Introduction Juan José Paredes Alfaro, a native and citizen of El Salvador, petitioned the...
Clarifying Function-by-Function Analysis in RFC Determinations: Ward v. Dudek 1. Introduction This commentary examines the unpublished Fourth Circuit decision in Donna Macklin Ward v. Leland C....
Circumstance-Specific Exclusion Under 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7(a)(1): Baxter v. Kennedy Introduction In Timothy Baxter v. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., 4th Cir. No. 24-1203 (Apr. 29, 2025), the United States...
Erlinger Errors Are Non-Structural and Subject to Harmless-Error Review Introduction United States v. Rico Brown is a Fourth Circuit decision issued on April 29, 2025, deciding the procedural...
Federal Circuit’s Exclusive Jurisdiction Over Patent-Misuse Counterclaims Introduction In Honeywell International, Inc. v. OPTO Electronics Co., Ltd., No. 23-1850/23-2038 (4th Cir. Apr. 29, 2025),...