Rogers Compliance Without Express PSR Adoption: Incorporation of Standard Supervised-Release Conditions by Specific Reference, and Corroborated Controlled Buys as Relevant Conduct Despite Informant...
Indefinite Telework That Fully Meets Medical Limitations Defeats an ADA § 12112(b)(5)(A) Failure-to-Accommodate Claim; Retaliation for Requesting an Accommodation Is Not Per Se Disability...
Bronchodilator Reversibility Does Not Defeat Legal Pneumoconiosis: Experts Must Address Residual Impairment and Coal-Dust Aggravation Case: Central Appalachian Coal Company v. DOWCP (Respondent...
Fourth Circuit Recognizes Limited Authority to Continue an Ongoing Terry Stop Into a Home When a Suspect Retreats and Child-Safety Exigencies Persist 1. Introduction Case: Fareed Hayat v. Casey Diaz...
ADEA Prima Facie “Legitimate Expectations” Rule: Objective Certifications and Coworker Praise Do Not Create a Jury Issue Against Documented Academy Performance and Insubordination 1. Introduction In...
Hunter “Miscarriage of Justice” Standard: Routine Guidelines Errors (and Downstream Reduction Effects) Do Not Defeat an Appeal Waiver 1. Introduction United States v. Tovis Richardson (4th Cir. Aug....
Warrantless Supervised-Release Home Searches: Reasonable Suspicion Under a Search Condition Satisfies the Fourth Amendment Introduction In United States v. Tyrell Watts (4th Cir. Aug. 20, 2026)...
Twenty-Sixth Amendment Requires Age-Neutral Access to State-Provided Voting Methods (No-Excuse Absentee-by-Mail) Case: Trudy Grant v. Conway Belangia (No. 25-1413) — United States Court of Appeals...
Chilled Worship Attendance Establishes Standing and RFRA “Substantial Burden” Against DHS’s Sensitive-Locations Rollback 1. Introduction In Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends v....
Sovereign-Citizen Rhetoric Alone Does Not Defeat a Faretta Waiver or Trigger a Sua Sponte Competency Hearing; Consent Waives Objections to Remote Rule 15 Testimony Case: United States v. Willie Hicks...
Provisional Unlawful Presence Waivers Do Not Stay Removal; § 1252(g) Allows Pure “Authority” Challenges, but “Lure-to-Arrest” Claims Require Evidence 1. Introduction Alyse Sanchez v. Markwayne Mullin...
Residential Search Warrants Require a Current, Particularized Nexus—Area Drug Activity and Stale Home Facts Defeat Probable Cause and Can Defeat Leon Good Faith United States v. Earl Griffin, Jr....
Fourth Circuit (Unpublished): Sovereign-Citizen Rhetoric Alone Does Not Trigger a Sua Sponte Competency Evaluation, and Consent Waives Confrontation Objections to Rule 15 Video Depositions Case:...
USSG § 2B1.1(b)(16)(B): “In Connection With” Requires Facilitation Findings, Not Mere Proximity I. Introduction United States v. Zerion Franklin (4th Cir. Aug. 14, 2026) addresses a recurring...
Provisional Unlawful Presence Waivers Do Not Implicitly Stay Removal; § 1252(g) Does Not Bar Pure “Authority” Challenges I. Introduction These consolidated appeals arose from a District of Maryland...
Gray-Market Prescription Drugs: “Material Differences” and Quality-Control Bypass Render Foreign-Labeled Medicines Non-Genuine Under the Lanham Act; Contributory Liability Requires Knowledge (Not...
Fourth Circuit Reaffirms Plain-Error Review of Unpreserved Rule 11/32 Claims and Presumptive Reasonableness of Within-Guidelines Sentences in Anders Appeals 1. Introduction In United States v. John...
Fourth Circuit: Foreign-Market Prescription Drugs Are “Non-Genuine” Gray-Market Goods When Labeling/Regulatory Disclosures and Distribution Quality Controls Materially Differ; Contributory Lanham...
FDCA Does Not Preclude Lanham Act Gray‑Market Drug Claims; Contributory Infringement Knowledge Requires No Prior Notice 1. Introduction Case: Gilead Sciences, Inc. v. ProAct, Inc. (consolidated...
§ 2255 Evidentiary Hearings After Record Expansion: No Hearing to “Conjure” a Plea Deal—Movant Must Plead a Specific Deficiency and a Record-Based Probability He’d Accept the Government’s Only Terms...