Sentencing strict-liability rape of a child under 13: mitigation for reasonable belief of age/consent, deterrence within the guideline, and totality without double counting filming 1. Introduction R...
Extended Sentences Must Be Count-Specific: Global Extension Periods (and “Concurrent” Licence Extensions) Are Unlawful Case: Round & Anor, R. v Court: England and Wales Court of Appeal (Criminal...
Exploitation of a Child to Commit and Conceal Domestic Murder Justifies Uplift Beyond the 30‑Year Starting Point Case: CHA, R. v (Attorney General’s Reference under s.36 Criminal Justice Act 1988)...
Mitigation Discounts in Director Disqualification: Court Scrutiny Despite Consent and a Calibrated Reduction for Late Cooperation 1. Introduction Clifton Court Hotel Ltd v The Companies Act 2014...
Deafness in Custody as Mitigation (Not “Exceptional”): Sentence Should Not Be Adjusted to Achieve Halfway Release 1) Introduction In R v ZHX [2026] EWCA Crim 1037, the Court of Appeal (Criminal...
Deafness as Mitigation (Not “Exceptional”), and No Sentence Tailoring to Achieve Half‑Time Release in Rape Cases: R v ZHX [2026] EWCA Crim 1049 1) Introduction In R v ZHX (historic marital rape, deaf...
European Arrest Warrant: Surrender Refused Where an In-Absentia Conviction on Prosecution Appeal Occurred Without Actual Notice or a Mandated Defence 1) Introduction Minister For Justice v Culeac...
Negligence Duty to Avoid Foreseeable Harm to a Neighbour’s Sensitive Land Use Despite the Limits of Private Nuisance — Thomas & Anor v Nicholas & Ors [2026] EWCA Civ 847 1. Introduction In Thomas &...
Appellate Restraint in Dishonesty Findings: Board/Auditor “Authorisation” Belief Can Sustain a Non‑Dishonesty Conclusion for Non‑Trust Fund Payments 1) Introduction Gable Insurance AG v Dewsall & Ors...
Partial Withholding of Turnover-Based Franchise Fees While Continuing to Trade Constitutes Breach; Unjust Enrichment Requires a Recognised “Unjust Factor” Court: High Court (Ireland) Neutral...
Judicial Review of Summary Appeal Convictions: Judicial Takeover of Cross-Examination and Misapplication of s.18 “Reasonable Force” Defence as Fundamental Error Case: Taylor v Director Of Public...
Mandatory Reasons for Refusing a Requested Oral Hearing under Regulation 14 of the Social Welfare (Appeals) Regulations 2024 1. Introduction P v The Minister For Social Protection & Ors (Approved)...
Corporate Vehicles Do Not Negate a Partnership: Partnership Characterisation, Implied Restraints on Unilateral Disposals, and Accounts on Dissolution Case: Lane & Anor v Connolly & Ors (Approved)...
Fresh Evidence on Appeal: Reasonable Diligence to Locate Devices and Contextual Assessment of Text Messages 1. Introduction In R v MIK [2026] EWCA Crim 961, the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)...
“Entirety of Net Proceeds” Prevails: Interpreting Family Settlement Terms Where a Lump Sum Clause Operates as a Floor, Not a Cap Case: G.H v I.J (Terms of Settlement; interpretation) (Approved)...
Late Guilty Plea After a Cut‑Throat Defence: When a Discharge Is Not “Necessary” and a Clear Disregard Direction Suffices 1. Introduction R v Muci [2026] EWCA Crim 900 is a Court of Appeal (Criminal...
Co-accused Youth Discount Does Not Justify Late Sentence Appeal by an Older Adult: R v Buhari [2026] EWCA Crim 929 1) Introduction In R v Buhari [2026] EWCA Crim 929 the Court of Appeal (Criminal...
Custody as “Unavoidable” for Repeated Group Rapes by Children: Stepped Sentencing, Harm Assessment, and Non‑Mechanistic “Double Jeopardy” Mitigation 1) Introduction In X & Ors, R. v [2026] EWCA Crim...
Salaried Member Rules: Significant Influence Must Come from LLP Legal Rights, Not De Facto Clout Introduction In Commissioners for His Majesty's Revenue and Customs v BlueCrest Capital Management...
Judicial Review of IPO Nationality Rejections Where Afghan Tazkiras Are Treated as “Non‑Verifiable”: A Systemic Flaw Justifying High Court Intervention 1) Introduction AS v Chief International...