“Legal Group” Misleads When No Other Lawyers Practice With the Named Lawyer: Ohio Imposes a Two-Year Fully Stayed Suspension for a Combined Package of Neglect, Trust-Account Misconduct Amounting to Misappropriation, Unauthorized Out-of-State Practice, and Misleading Website/Firm Name

1. Introduction

In Cincinnati Bar Assn. v. Eppley, Slip Opinion No. 2026-Ohio-160 (Jan. 22, 2026), the Supreme Court of Ohio reviewed a certified disciplinary report concerning respondent Mark Carter Eppley, an Ohio lawyer also admitted in Kentucky and Pennsylvania. The relator, the Cincinnati Bar Association, charged Eppley with 24 violations of the Ohio Rules of Professional Conduct arising from: (1) his handling of fees, diligence, communication, and trust-account practices for two clients; (2) practicing and advising in a Tennessee federal criminal postconviction matter without Tennessee authorization; and (3) allegedly misleading firm branding and website content suggesting multiple lawyers where none existed.

The central issues were not whether misconduct occurred (the parties largely stipulated) but what sanction best protected the public and expressed the seriousness of a multi-category breakdown: client neglect, poor communication, trust-account failures tied to fee handling, out-of-jurisdiction practice, and misleading marketing. Although the Board of Professional Conduct recommended a one-year fully stayed suspension with management-focused conditions, the Court increased the sanction to a two-year fully stayed suspension, emphasizing the compounded severity.

2. Summary of the Opinion

The Court adopted the Board’s findings that Eppley committed 23 rule violations across three counts:

  • Thompson matter: neglect and poor communication; charging/collecting excessive or improper fees; failing to place advanced fees in trust and failing to maintain required trust records and reconciliations; and violating Prof.Cond.R. 5.5(a) by practicing in Tennessee (including in the Middle District of Tennessee) without authorization.
  • Arkenau matter: similar neglect/communication problems; improper fee handling (including depositing a client check to a personal account); trust-account and recordkeeping failures; and failure to timely return client property and unearned fees upon termination.
  • Firm name and website: using “Eppley Legal Group” as a solo practitioner and leaving a departed lawyer’s profile on the website constituted misleading communications under Prof.Cond.R. 7.1 and 7.5(a).

The Court agreed that mitigating factors were substantial (no prior discipline, no dishonest or selfish motive, restitution, cooperation, good character evidence), but held the Board’s recommended sanction understated the gravity of the combined misconduct. The Court therefore imposed a two-year suspension, stayed in its entirety, conditioned on: no further misconduct; two years of monitored probation; monthly meetings with a monitoring attorney; full monitoring access to trust and business accounts (including all Prof.Cond.R. 1.15 records); and specific CLE in law-office management and client-trust-account management.

3. Analysis

A. Precedents Cited

1) Misleading firm names and marketing: “Group” and stale lawyer profiles

The Court anchored the “misleading firm name” analysis in prior Ohio authority interpreting what is now Prof.Cond.R. 7.5(a) through its predecessor. In Disciplinary Counsel v. Furth, 2001-Ohio-1308, ¶ 17, the Court found “Tom Furth and Associates” misleading where no other attorneys were associated, violating former DR 2-102(B). Likewise, Disciplinary Counsel v. Character, 2011-Ohio-2902, ¶ 10-11, treated “and Associates” as misleading when the purported associates were not actually affiliated with the lawyer’s office, even if they co-counseled regularly.

Building on that line, the Court relied on BCGD Op. No. 2006-2, which states that when there is only one attorney, the words “Group” or “Law Group” are not proper because they imply multiple attorneys. The Court also cited the persuasive out-of-state decision In re McDonald, 319 Ga. 197, 208 (2024), holding that “Law Group” used by a solo practitioner is a false communication implying an organization/partnership.

Applying these authorities, the Court concluded that “Eppley Legal Group” (after the associate’s departure) and the failure to timely remove the former associate’s website bio were false or misleading under Prof.Cond.R. 7.1, and misleading as to the identity of the lawyer(s) practicing under the name under Prof.Cond.R. 7.5(a). Notably, the Court emphasized the ongoing nature of the violation to the extent Eppley continues using the name while remaining solo.

2) Misappropriation and dishonesty baselines for sanctions

The Board began with the presumption of disbarment for misappropriation, citing Trumbull Cty. Bar Assn. v. Kafantaris, 2009-Ohio-1389, ¶ 14, which cited Cleveland Bar Assn. v. Dixon, 2002-Ohio-2490, ¶ 15. The opinion also cited Disciplinary Counsel v. Fowerbaugh, 1995-Ohio-261, syllabus, for the proposition that dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation generally warrants an actual suspension.

The Court then endorsed the principle that strong mitigation can temper otherwise presumptive sanctions, as explained in Disciplinary Counsel v. Harter, 2018-Ohio-3899, ¶ 33 (disbarment presumption for misappropriation may be tempered), and Disciplinary Counsel v. Markijohn, 2003-Ohio-4129, ¶ 8 (citing Dayton Bar Assn. v. Kinney, 2000-Ohio-445, ¶ 4), recognizing that abundant mitigation can justify less than an actual suspension even in dishonesty-adjacent cases.

3) Comparable sanctions for neglect, trust-account failures, UPL, and misleading communications

To calibrate sanction, the Court reviewed a set of stayed-suspension cases, each capturing part of Eppley’s misconduct profile:

  • Cleveland Metro. Bar Assn. v. Watson, 2022-Ohio-2212 (neglect, communication failures, and trust-account recordkeeping failures; stayed one-year suspension).
  • Cleveland Metro. Bar Assn. v. Gay, 2018-Ohio-2170 (trust-account record failures, improper withdrawals/overdrafts, client loan; stayed one-year suspension; aggravation included prior indefinite suspension).
  • Disciplinary Counsel v. Adelstein, 2020-Ohio-3000 (commingling, paying personal expenses from trust, repeated overdrafts, dishonest payment-service maneuver; stayed one-year suspension with significant conditions).
  • Disciplinary Counsel v. Maciak, 2018-Ohio-544 (unauthorized practice for years in Florida; stayed two-year suspension).
  • Cincinnati Bar Assn. v. Gilbert, 2014-Ohio-522 (Prof.Cond.R. 5.5(a) plus neglect and fee/trust mishandling; stayed one-year suspension).
  • Ashtabula Cty. Bar Assn. v. Brown, 2017-Ohio-5698 (misleading firm communications; stayed two-year suspension; strong aggravation from prior discipline and selfish motive).

The Court’s key comparative move was to treat Eppley’s case as a stacked version of these precedents: not merely trust mismanagement (Watson/Gay/Adelstein), not merely unauthorized practice (Maciak/Gilbert), and not merely misleading communications (Brown), but a combination of several of the “most egregious” elements across them. That combination, the Court held, justified increasing the stayed suspension term from one year to two.

B. Legal Reasoning

1) The Court’s misconduct framing: multi-system failure, not isolated mistake

The Court accepted the Board’s findings that Eppley neglected client matters and failed to communicate (Prof.Cond.R. 1.3; 1.4(a)(3); 1.4(a)(4)), mishandled advanced fees and trust obligations (Prof.Cond.R. 1.15(a), 1.15(a)(2), 1.15(a)(3), 1.15(a)(5), 1.15(c)), charged/collected improper or excessive fees (Prof.Cond.R. 1.5(a)), failed to protect client interests upon termination and refund unearned fees (Prof.Cond.R. 1.16(d) and 1.16(e)), practiced without authorization in Tennessee (Prof.Cond.R. 5.5(a)), and misled the public through firm name/website representations (Prof.Cond.R. 7.1; 7.5(a)).

The opinion’s throughline is that the seriousness arises not only from any one violation category but from the way the categories reinforce each other: fee collection followed by nonperformance/neglect; fee handling without required trust placement and recordkeeping; and then continuing practice/branding choices that risk client confusion about competence, authorization, and who is providing the services.

2) Sanction methodology: mitigation can temper presumptions, but magnitude and mix still matter

The Court applied the standard Ohio disciplinary framework: ethical duties violated, aggravating and mitigating factors under Gov.Bar R. V(13), and comparison with sanctions in similar cases. Although only one aggravator was found—multiple offenses under Gov.Bar R. V(13)(B)(4)—the Court did not treat that as minor; it treated the “multiple offenses” as an accurate descriptor of breadth across clients, accounts, jurisdictions, and marketing.

The Court credited robust mitigation (Gov.Bar R. V(13)(C)(1)-(5)): clean record, lack of dishonest/selfish motive, good-faith restitution, cooperation, and character evidence. Yet the Court concluded that a one-year stayed suspension did not adequately “impart the seriousness,” protect the public, or ensure corrective structure. The remedy chosen—two years fully stayed with intensive monitoring and education—reflects a preference for supervised remediation where the Court believes the lawyer is salvageable but requires extended oversight.

3) Branding rule crystallization: “Group” is misleading when it implies multiple lawyers

While Ohio had already condemned “and Associates” usage when untrue (Disciplinary Counsel v. Furth; Disciplinary Counsel v. Character), this opinion expressly applies that logic to “Legal Group” for a solo practitioner, adopting the Board’s view and underscoring that the violation can be ongoing so long as the misleading name remains in use.

C. Impact

  • Solo-practitioner marketing in Ohio: The decision strengthens the practical enforcement message that “Group/Law Group” branding is risky (and likely impermissible) when it implies multiple practicing lawyers, especially after associates depart. Firms must promptly update websites, attorney bios, and branding to avoid Rule 7.1/7.5 exposure.
  • Disciplinary sanction calibration: The Court signals that when misconduct spans several high-risk categories—neglect, fee/trust mishandling akin to misappropriation, unauthorized practice, and misleading communications—Ohio may increase sanction length even if it is willing to stay the suspension due to strong mitigation.
  • Trust-account compliance as a core competency: The conditions imposed (monthly monitoring meetings, full access to trust/business records, and targeted CLE) reflect a remedial model that treats trust accounting failures as governance failures requiring systems, not just restitution.
  • Cross-jurisdiction practice caution: Advising and drafting for a matter in another jurisdiction—particularly federal litigation seated in that state—can create Prof.Cond.R. 5.5(a) exposure if the lawyer is not admitted or properly sponsored for pro hac vice practice.

4. Complex Concepts Simplified

Conditionally stayed suspension
A suspension is imposed but not served immediately. The lawyer may keep practicing only if they comply with court-ordered conditions. If they violate conditions, the stay is lifted and the lawyer serves the full suspension.
Monitored probation (Gov.Bar R. V(21))
A structured oversight period where a monitoring attorney reviews practices (often trust accounting, office management, and client communications) and reports compliance.
Client trust account (Prof.Cond.R. 1.15)
A separate bank account for money belonging to clients or third parties. Advanced fees generally must stay there until earned. Lawyers must keep client-by-client ledgers and perform monthly reconciliations to prove funds are intact and properly handled.
Reconciliation
A monthly accounting process matching the bank statement balance with the lawyer’s internal trust ledger totals, ensuring no hidden shortages or commingling.
Misappropriation (as used in disciplinary context)
Using client money as if it were the lawyer’s—whether by taking unearned fees, failing to segregate client funds, or creating shortages through improper withdrawals. Even if later repaid, it is treated as a grave offense because it puts client property at risk.
Pro hac vice
Temporary permission for an out-of-state lawyer to appear in a particular case in another jurisdiction, usually requiring local counsel sponsorship and court approval.
Unauthorized practice of law (Prof.Cond.R. 5.5(a))
Providing legal services in a jurisdiction where the lawyer is not licensed or otherwise authorized. It protects courts and clients from unregulated practice.
Misleading firm name (Prof.Cond.R. 7.1 and 7.5(a))
Branding that creates a false impression about who is practicing (e.g., implying multiple lawyers via “Group”) or about the lawyers available at the firm (e.g., leaving departed lawyers on the website) can be disciplined as misleading advertising/communications.

5. Conclusion

Cincinnati Bar Assn. v. Eppley reinforces two disciplinary themes in Ohio. First, client protection rules—especially trust-account segregation, recordkeeping, and honest public communications—are treated as foundational professional obligations, not technicalities. Second, even where mitigation is strong enough to avoid an actual suspension, the Court will increase the sanction duration when misconduct is broad and multi-faceted.

The decision also delivers a clear compliance warning for solo practitioners: using a name like “Legal Group” and keeping outdated lawyer profiles can be actionable as misleading communications under Prof.Cond.R. 7.1 and 7.5(a), and the violation may be deemed ongoing until corrected.