actual-knowledge-is-awareness-of-the-hazard-itself Case Commentaries

Sanders v. TC Transcontinental Tulsa: Enforcing Local Rule 56-1 and Requiring Evidence of Pretext to Defeat Summary Judgment Under McDonnell Douglas

Date: May 11, 2026

Sanders v. TC Transcontinental Tulsa: Enforcing Local Rule 56-1 and Requiring Evidence of Pretext to Defeat Summary Judgment Under McDonnell Douglas Introduction In Sanders v. TC Transcontinental...

United States v. Middleton: Trauma-and-Memory Expert Testimony Under Rule 702 and Jail-Call “Substantial Step” Attempted Obstruction Under 18 U.S.C. § 1591(d)

Date: May 11, 2026

United States v. Middleton: Trauma-and-Memory Expert Testimony Under Rule 702 and Jail-Call “Substantial Step” Attempted Obstruction Under 18 U.S.C. § 1591(d) I. Introduction In United States v....

Trademark Injunctions Must Be Cabined to Markets of Likely Confusion: Trojan Battery v. Golf Carts of Cypress

Date: May 11, 2026

Trademark Injunctions Must Be Cabined to Markets of Likely Confusion (No Blanket Ban on a Common Word Mark) Introduction In Trojan Battery Company, L.L.C. v. Golf Carts of Cypress, L.L.C.; Trojan EV,...

Consensual On-Duty Sexual Misconduct Does Not Provide Monell Notice of Sexual Assault Risk; “Red Flags” Must Indicate Similar Propensity for Negligent Hiring

Date: May 11, 2026

Consensual On-Duty Sexual Misconduct Does Not Provide Monell Notice of Sexual Assault Risk; “Red Flags” Must Indicate Similar Propensity for Negligent Hiring 1. Introduction In Shannon Mullen v. Town...

Virginia Whistleblower Claims Require an Objectively Reasonable Belief of a Specific Legal Violation

Date: May 11, 2026

Virginia Whistleblower Claims Require an Objectively Reasonable Belief of a Specific Legal Violation Introduction In James Edward Workman v. LHC Group, Inc. (4th Cir. May 8, 2026) (unpublished), the...

Ambiguous Post-Termination “Trade Name” Clauses Defeat Rule-12 Contract Dispositive Dismissal of Trademark Claims (10th Cir.)

Date: May 11, 2026

Ambiguous Post-Termination “Trade Name” Clauses Defeat Rule-12 Contract Dispositive Dismissal of Trademark Claims (10th Cir.) Introduction In Ascent Classical Academies v. Ascent Classical Academy...

Calling the Police Does Not Make a Private Retailer a State Actor: VanHorn v. Salvation Army

Date: May 11, 2026

Calling the Police Does Not Make a Private Retailer a State Actor: VanHorn v. Salvation Army (10th Cir. May 7, 2026) 1. Introduction In VanHorn v. Salvation Army, Christopher A. VanHorn (pro se) sued...

Bolos v. Waldorf=Astoria Management LLC — Hawaiʻi Minimum Wage Is Measured Per Hour, Not Averaged Per Workweek

Date: May 11, 2026

Hawaiʻi Minimum Wage Compliance and Damages Must Be Measured “Per Hour,” Rejecting Workweek Averaging Under HRS §§ 387-2 and 387-12 1. Introduction In Bolos v. Waldorf=Astoria Management LLC (Supreme...

Eyewitness Identification Plus Near-Immediate Corroboration Suffices for § 922(g)(1) Actual Possession—Forensic Gaps and Credibility Attacks Do Not Defeat Sufficiency Review

Date: May 11, 2026

Eyewitness Identification Plus Near-Immediate Corroboration Suffices for § 922(g)(1) Actual Possession—Forensic Gaps and Credibility Attacks Do Not Defeat Sufficiency Review Introduction In United...

In re Trummel: Published Censure for Recurrent Neglect, Trust-Account Failures, and Noncooperation Despite Parties’ Request for Admonition

Date: May 11, 2026

In re Trummel: Published Censure for Recurrent Neglect, Trust-Account Failures, and Noncooperation Despite Parties’ Request for Admonition 1. Introduction Case: In the Matter of LUANN K. TRUMMEL,...

Outsourcing Is No Shield: Contractor Medical Policies Are Attributable to the County Under Monell, but Plaintiffs Must Prove Objective Unreasonableness with Admissible Evidence

Date: May 11, 2026

Outsourcing Is No Shield: Contractor Medical Policies Are Attributable to the County Under Monell, but Plaintiffs Must Prove Objective Unreasonableness with Admissible Evidence Introduction Calvin...

Cooper v. Xpertes, LLC (Nev. 2026): Undisclosed Impeachment Videos and “Mystique” Prejudice—Abuse of Discretion Without a New Trial Absent Material Prejudice

Date: May 11, 2026

Cooper v. Xpertes, LLC (Nev. 2026): Undisclosed Impeachment Videos and “Mystique” Prejudice—Abuse of Discretion Without a New Trial Absent Material Prejudice Court: Supreme Court of Nevada Date: May...

Untimely Motions to Reopen: Personal-Circumstance Evidence Is Not “Changed Country Conditions,” and Equitable Tolling Requires a Causal Showing

Date: May 10, 2026

Untimely Motions to Reopen: Personal-Circumstance Evidence Is Not “Changed Country Conditions,” and Equitable Tolling Requires a Causal Showing I. Introduction Prado-Majano v. Blanche (5th Cir. May...

United States v. Vacchino: “Sex Offender Conditions” as Ambiguous Incorporation of PSR Special Conditions; Unpronounced Economic-Change Notification Must Be Stricken; Rule 36 Corrects Omitted Treatment Recommendation

Date: May 10, 2026

United States v. Vacchino: “Sex Offender Conditions” as Ambiguous Incorporation of PSR Special Conditions; Unpronounced Economic-Change Notification Must Be Stricken; Rule 36 Corrects Omitted...

Bonin v. Sabine River Authority: Causation as a Threshold Requirement for Temporary Flooding Takings Claims (and No “Resurrection” of Stricken Expert Evidence)

Date: May 10, 2026

Bonin v. Sabine River Authority: Causation as a Threshold Requirement for Temporary Flooding Takings Claims (and No “Resurrection” of Stricken Expert Evidence) 1. Introduction Parties. More than 700...

Mitchell v. Conroe ISD: Forfeiture on Appeal and “Actual Knowledge” as a Gatekeeping Pleading Requirement in School Harassment and Disability Claims

Date: May 10, 2026

Mitchell v. Conroe ISD: Forfeiture on Appeal and “Actual Knowledge” as a Gatekeeping Pleading Requirement in School Harassment and Disability Claims 1. Introduction Mitchell v. Conroe Independent...

FCA § 3730(d)(1): Attorney’s Fees Require a Relator’s Proceeds Share (Fifth Circuit)

Date: May 10, 2026

FCA § 3730(d)(1): Attorney’s Fees Require a Relator’s Proceeds Share (Fifth Circuit) Case: United States of America, ex rel Bud Conyers v. Kellogg Brown & Root, Incorporated; Kellogg Brown & Root...

Qualified Immunity Requires Fact-Specific Clearly Established Law for Prisoner Excessive-Force Claims Involving Minimal Injury

Date: May 10, 2026

Qualified Immunity Requires Fact-Specific Clearly Established Law for Prisoner Excessive-Force Claims Involving Minimal Injury 1. Introduction In Williams v. Voorhies (5th Cir. May 8, 2026) (per...

Incorporation-by-Reference and Detailed Revocation Petitions Satisfy Due Process and Rogers in Supervised-Release Revocations

Date: May 10, 2026

Incorporation-by-Reference and Detailed Revocation Petitions Satisfy Due Process and Rogers in Supervised-Release Revocations Introduction In United States v. Eric Whitener (4th Cir. May 8, 2026)...

Reopening a Closed Bankruptcy Case Is a Ministerial Act and a Final Order: Untimely Appeals, Forfeiture, and Record Deficiencies Bar Collateral Attacks

Date: May 10, 2026

Reopening a Closed Bankruptcy Case Is a Ministerial Act and a Final Order: Untimely Appeals, Forfeiture, and Record Deficiencies Bar Collateral Attacks 1. Introduction Case: In re Leroy Carrillo, Jr....