Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Anti-SLAPP Prong One in Nevada: Contradictory Evidence Requires a Factual Good-Faith Showing—Mere Denial Is Not Enough

Date: Sep 12, 2026

Anti-SLAPP Prong One in Nevada: Contradictory Evidence Requires a Factual Good-Faith Showing—Mere Denial Is Not Enough I. Introduction In JET COMMERCIAL CONSTR., LLC v. N. AM. INS. AGENCY OF LAWTON,...

Benefit “Not Guaranteed” Statements as Unlawful Reprisal Threats, While General Union Awareness Does Not Establish Surveillance (5th Cir. 2026)

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Benefit “Not Guaranteed” Statements as Unlawful Reprisal Threats, While General Union Awareness Does Not Establish Surveillance (5th Cir. 2026) Case: Starbucks v. NLRB (No. 24-60653) | Court: U.S....

Judicial Notice of Post-Appeal Related Bankruptcy Filings for Jurisdiction; Unconditional Guarantors Receive § 509(a) Statutory Subrogation to the Extent Paid

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Judicial Notice of Post-Appeal Related Bankruptcy Filings for Jurisdiction; Unconditional Guarantors Receive § 509(a) Statutory Subrogation to the Extent Paid Introduction In Whitestone Uptown Tower,...

Souza v. Nago: Tie-Breaker-by-Lot Procedures Are HAPA “Rules,” and a Tie Plus Unresolvable Overage Requires a New Primary Election

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Souza v. Nago: Tie-Breaker-by-Lot Procedures Are HAPA “Rules,” and a Tie Plus Unresolvable Overage Requires a New Primary Election Introduction Souza v. Nago (Supreme Court of Hawaiʻi, Sept. 4, 2026)...

Title IX Residency Claims Use Title VII Framework; Patient-Safety Academic Judgments Defeat Discrimination/Retaliation and ACGME Complaints Don’t Trigger GWA Absent Supervisor/Government Disclosure

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Title IX Residency Claims Use Title VII Framework; Patient-Safety Academic Judgments Defeat Discrimination/Retaliation and ACGME Complaints Don’t Trigger GWA Absent Supervisor/Government Disclosure...

Universal APA Vacatur Elsewhere Moots Parallel Challenges to an Agency Rule

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Universal APA Vacatur Elsewhere Moots Parallel Challenges to an Agency Rule Case: State of Florida v. Department of Health and Human Services (11th Cir. Sept. 4, 2026) (per curiam) (not for...

Rooker-Feldman Bars Federal Attacks on State Fee Judgments but Not Independent Tort Claims Based on Underlying Conduct

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Rooker-Feldman Bars Federal Attacks on State Fee Judgments but Not Independent Tort Claims Based on Underlying Conduct I. Introduction In William Covert v. Arielle Hacking (11th Cir. Sept. 4, 2026)...

Monell Liability for Brady Violations Does Not Turn on Intent; “Forwarding” Limits Police Fair-Trial Fabrication Claims

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Monell Liability for Brady Violations Does Not Turn on Intent; “Forwarding” Limits Police Fair-Trial Fabrication Claims 1. Introduction Jimenez v. City of New York (2d Cir. Sept. 4, 2026) arises from...

Rule 4(b)(4) Extensions in § 3582 Compassionate-Release Appeals: Excusable-Neglect Showing Must Be Made in the Extension Motion, Not in a Late Reply

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Rule 4(b)(4) Extensions in § 3582 Compassionate-Release Appeals: Excusable-Neglect Showing Must Be Made in the Extension Motion, Not in a Late Reply 1. Introduction United States v. Norcutt (10th...

Williams v. Crane: Younger Abstention Bars Federal Equitable Relief that Would Disrupt Ongoing State Child-Custody Enforcement; GAL and Court-Appointed Custody Professionals Receive Quasi-Judicial Immunity

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Williams v. Crane: Younger Abstention Bars Federal Equitable Relief that Would Disrupt Ongoing State Child-Custody Enforcement; GAL and Court-Appointed Custody Professionals Receive Quasi-Judicial...

Qualified Immunity During Active Resistance: General “Disproportionate Force” Principles Do Not Clearly Establish Excessive-Force Limits

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Qualified Immunity During Active Resistance: General “Disproportionate Force” Principles Do Not Clearly Establish Excessive-Force Limits 1. Introduction Case: Rafael Cendan v. Officer Jose Trujillo...

Eleventh Circuit: Pro Se Litigants Must Receive Court-Directed Notice and One Meaningful Chance to Replead Before With-Prejudice Dismissal; Rule 58 Separate-Judgment Requirement Controls Appeal Timeliness

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Eleventh Circuit: Pro Se Litigants Must Receive Court-Directed Notice and One Meaningful Chance to Replead Before With-Prejudice Dismissal; Rule 58 Separate-Judgment Requirement Controls Appeal...

Plain-Error Limits on Plea-Agreement Breach Claims and Guilty-Plea Waiver of Geofence Suppression Issues (United States v. Scott Carpenter, Jr.)

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Plain-Error Limits on Plea-Agreement Breach Claims and Guilty-Plea Waiver of Geofence Suppression Issues Case: United States v. Scott Carpenter, Jr. (11th Cir. Sept. 4, 2026) (per curiam) (not for...

TVPA Fee Awards: When a “Rare Case” Justifies Above-Forum Rates and Multi-Timekeeper Staffing

Date: Sep 11, 2026

TVPA Fee Awards: When a “Rare Case” Justifies Above-Forum Rates and Multi-Timekeeper Staffing I. Introduction Moore v. Rubin (2d Cir. Sept. 4, 2026) addresses a recurring, high-stakes question in...

Merger Doctrine at the Pleading Stage: Opinion-Based Price Lists Cannot Be Dismissed Without a Factual Record on Methodology and Numerical Range

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Merger Doctrine at the Pleading Stage: Opinion-Based Price Lists Cannot Be Dismissed Without a Factual Record on Methodology and Numerical Range 1. Introduction In Rapaport v. Nivoda (2d Cir. Sept....

Appellate Waiver for Pro Se Deficient Briefing: Failure to Cite the Record or Attack Dispositive Grounds Requires Affirmance

Date: Sep 11, 2026

Appellate Waiver for Pro Se Deficient Briefing: Failure to Cite the Record or Attack Dispositive Grounds Requires Affirmance Introduction Cook v. Albany County Board of County Commissioners (10th...

§ 922(g)(1) Unanimity Rule: Jury Need Not Agree on the Specific Firearm or Ammunition Possessed

Date: Sep 10, 2026

§ 922(g)(1) Unanimity Rule: Jury Need Not Agree on the Specific Firearm or Ammunition Possessed Case: United States v. Miguel Rivera, A/K/A Macho (2d Cir. Sept. 3, 2026) Court: United States Court of...

Cabined Delegation Rule for Third-Party Risk Notifications in Supervised Release

Date: Sep 10, 2026

Cabined Delegation Rule for Third-Party Risk Notifications in Supervised Release: Courts May Authorize Probation to Identify At-Risk Third Parties When the Court Defines the Risk 1. Introduction In...

“Pending” Includes the Rule 59(e) Post‑Judgment Window: CNMI Courts Must Apply PL 23‑17 Survivorship Retroactively to Nonfinal Cases

Date: Sep 10, 2026

“Pending” Includes the Rule 59(e) Post‑Judgment Window: CNMI Courts Must Apply PL 23‑17 Survivorship Retroactively to Nonfinal Cases 1. Introduction Deleon Guerrero v. St. Jude Renal Care Facility,...

State Need Not Prove Provocation Exception Once It Disproves Any Element of Self-Defense

Date: Sep 9, 2026

State Need Not Prove Provocation Exception Once It Disproves Any Element of Self-Defense Introduction In State v. Guerrero (Conn. Sept. 8, 2026), the Connecticut Supreme Court affirmed a murder...