Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Post-Wilkinson Reviewability, Substantial-Evidence Deference, and Evidentiary Discretion in “Exceptional and Extremely Unusual Hardship” Cancellation Cases

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Post-Wilkinson Reviewability, Substantial-Evidence Deference, and Evidentiary Discretion in “Exceptional and Extremely Unusual Hardship” Cancellation Cases I. Introduction In Alma Hernandez-Rebollar...

Rule 24(a) Timeliness as a Strict Threshold: Courts May Raise It Sua Sponte and Late-Stage Insurer Intervention to Seek Special Interrogatories Will Be Denied

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Rule 24(a) Timeliness as a Strict Threshold: Courts May Raise It Sua Sponte and Late-Stage Insurer Intervention to Seek Special Interrogatories Will Be Denied 1. Introduction Case: J.G. v. Northfield...

Certification of Opioid-Coverage Questions: Whether “Damages Because of Bodily Injury” Encompasses Governmental Opioid-Abatement Claims Under Georgia and Florida Law

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Certification of Opioid-Coverage Questions: Whether “Damages Because of Bodily Injury” Encompasses Governmental Opioid-Abatement Claims Under Georgia and Florida Law I. Introduction In a...

Dodaj v. Blanche: Discretionary Reweighing Is Unreviewable and Unappealed Removability Is Waived

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Dodaj v. Blanche: Discretionary Reweighing Is Unreviewable and Unappealed Removability Is Waived I. Introduction In Leke Dodaj v. Todd W. Blanche, Acting U.S. Attorney General (6th Cir. June 8,...

AAA-Rule Incorporation Does Not “Clearly and Unmistakably” Delegate Arbitrability When the Contract Adopts South Carolina Arbitration Procedure; Arbitration Clauses that Functionally Shorten Limitations Are Unconscionable

Date: Jun 12, 2026

AAA-Rule Incorporation Does Not “Clearly and Unmistakably” Delegate Arbitrability When the Contract Adopts South Carolina Arbitration Procedure; Arbitration Clauses that Functionally Shorten...

Protection of Persons and Property Act: Derivative Civil Immunity for Employers/Business Owners When an Employee’s Use of Deadly Force Is Adjudged Justified

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Protection of Persons and Property Act: Derivative Civil Immunity for Employers/Business Owners When an Employee’s Use of Deadly Force Is Adjudged Justified Case: Antoinet Moore v. Green's Grocery...

Post-Judgment Pleading Lock-In: Rule 59(e) Is Not a Do-Over, and Rule 15 Amendment Requires First Reopening the Judgment

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Post-Judgment Pleading Lock-In: Rule 59(e) Is Not a Do-Over, and Rule 15 Amendment Requires First Reopening the Judgment 1. Introduction In Jimmy Bryson; LaTonya Bryson v. Specialized Loan Servicing,...

Strickland Prejudice for Batson-Related Ineffective Assistance Should Not Require Proof of a Different Trial Verdict

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Strickland Prejudice for Batson-Related Ineffective Assistance Should Not Require Proof of a Different Trial Verdict Introduction Clark v. Mississippi (No. 25-6846) reached the U.S. Supreme Court on...

Section 115 “True Threats” After Counterman: Specific Intent to Intimidate or Retaliate Satisfies the Constitution; “Consciously Disregarded a Substantial Risk” Instruction Not Plain Error

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Section 115 “True Threats” After Counterman: Specific Intent to Intimidate or Retaliate Satisfies the Constitution; “Consciously Disregarded a Substantial Risk” Instruction Not Plain Error I....

Title VII: No Pretext Where Employer’s Conduct-Based Rationale Is Consistent; Retaliation Claim Barred Absent a Proper EEOC Charge

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Title VII: No Pretext Where Employer’s Conduct-Based Rationale Is Consistent; Retaliation Claim Barred Absent a Proper EEOC Charge I. Introduction In Renete Barnett-Morgan v. Inverness Techs., Inc....

Corroborated Testimony and Digital/Forensic Evidence Suffice to Prove § 841 “Distribution Resulting in Death”

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Corroborated Testimony and Digital/Forensic Evidence Suffice to Prove § 841 “Distribution Resulting in Death” I. Introduction In United States v. Melvin Lamar Triplett (6th Cir. June 8, 2026)...

Extending the Heckler’s Veto Doctrine to School-Board Limited Public Forums

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Extending the Heckler’s Veto Doctrine to School-Board Limited Public Forums I. Introduction Darbi Boddy v. Mary Grech (Sixth Cir. June 10, 2026) arises from a public-comment period at a Xenia...

Rule 9(b) Pleading Defects Establish Fraudulent Joinder, and Ohio’s Uniform Fiduciary Act Shields Banks Absent “Actual Knowledge” or “Bad Faith”

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Rule 9(b) Pleading Defects Establish Fraudulent Joinder, and Ohio’s Uniform Fiduciary Act Shields Banks Absent “Actual Knowledge” or “Bad Faith” Case: Vivy Voutsiotis v. PNC Bank, NA (6th Cir. June...

Dodaj v. Blanche: Waiver of Removability Challenges and Limited Judicial Review of Discretionary Cancellation

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Dodaj v. Blanche (6th Cir. 2026): No Duty for the BIA to Revisit Unappealed Removability, and No Judicial Review of Pure Discretionary Reweighing in Cancellation Introduction In Leke Dodaj v. Todd W....

Federally Qualified Health Centers Are “Organized Exclusively for Hospital Purposes” Under the Charitable Immunity Act and Are Limited to the $250,000 Cap

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Federally Qualified Health Centers Are “Organized Exclusively for Hospital Purposes” Under the Charitable Immunity Act and Are Limited to the $250,000 Cap Case: Cassandra Gigi Smith v. Newark...

State-of-Mind Hearsay Limits: Rule 803(3) Cannot Admit the Cause of a Victim’s Distress; Untimely Hearsay Objections Waive Appellate Review

Date: Jun 12, 2026

State-of-Mind Hearsay Limits: Rule 803(3) Cannot Admit the Cause of a Victim’s Distress; Untimely Hearsay Objections Waive Appellate Review Case: State of West Virginia v. Randy C. Cain (Supreme...

Service Evasion Justifies Rule 4(m) Extension; Standing/Limitations Arguments Barred by Forfeiture and Preclusion in Texas Home-Equity Foreclosure

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Service Evasion Justifies Rule 4(m) Extension; Standing/Limitations Arguments Barred by Forfeiture and Preclusion in Texas Home-Equity Foreclosure Introduction In Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB...

Virginia Respondeat Superior at the Pleading Stage: The Morgan/Parker Presumption Must Be Applied Unless the Complaint Clearly Self-Refutes

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Virginia Respondeat Superior at the Pleading Stage: The Morgan/Parker Presumption Must Be Applied Unless the Complaint Clearly Self-Refutes Case: Ian Auckland v. Gilead Sciences, Inc. (No. 25-1933) |...

Powder-and-Circumstances Suffice for 18 U.S.C. § 1038(a)(1) Hoax “Chemical” Threats Without Explicit Chemical Language; Chain-of-Custody Gaps Do Not Bar Admission Absent Tampering

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Powder-and-Circumstances Suffice for 18 U.S.C. § 1038(a)(1) Hoax “Chemical” Threats Without Explicit Chemical Language; Chain-of-Custody Gaps Do Not Bar Admission Absent Tampering Introduction In...

Limited Remand to Correct Statutory-Maximum Errors Does Not Reopen Restitution or Require a New Resentencing Hearing Under the Mandate Rule

Date: Jun 12, 2026

Limited Remand to Correct Statutory-Maximum Errors Does Not Reopen Restitution or Require a New Resentencing Hearing Under the Mandate Rule Introduction In United States v. John Battle (4th Cir. June...