Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Needham v. Needham: Divorce Courts Cannot Compel Corporate-Fiduciary Acts; Post-Dissolution Community Assets Must Be Valued at Dissolution

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Needham v. Needham: Divorce Courts Cannot Compel Corporate-Fiduciary Acts; Post-Dissolution Community Assets Must Be Valued at Dissolution I. Introduction Case: Needham v. Needham (Idaho Supreme...

Martin v. State (Nev. 2026): Psychological Diagnoses in Medical Records May Be Redacted Absent Expert Testimony

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Psychological Diagnoses in Medical Records May Be Redacted Absent Expert Testimony (Despite NRS 52.260 Authentication) 1. Introduction Martin v. State (Supreme Court of Nevada, July 8, 2026) arose...

Preclusion for Undisclosed Nonparty Witness Affidavits and Liability Under Labor Law § 240(1) for Falls From Improvised Elevated Platforms

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Preclusion for Undisclosed Nonparty Witness Affidavits and Liability Under Labor Law § 240(1) for Falls From Improvised Elevated Platforms 1. Introduction Intriago v 18th Highline Assoc., LLC (2026...

Minor Land Divisions Are LLUPA-Reviewable “Other Similar Applications” When Used as a De Facto Subdivision

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Minor Land Divisions Are LLUPA-Reviewable “Other Similar Applications” When Used as a De Facto Subdivision Case: Budig v. Bonner County (Idaho Supreme Court, July 8, 2026) | Core Holding: Two...

CPLR Article 53 Recognition Motions Function as Summary Judgment and Cannot Be Made Before Issue Is Joined

Date: Jul 9, 2026

CPLR Article 53 Recognition Motions Function as Summary Judgment and Cannot Be Made Before Issue Is Joined Case: Shenzhen Qianhai Shengshi Lijin Inv. Enter. (Limited Partnership) v. Xu, 2026 NY Slip...

No-Fault Compound Interest Must Exclude Periods of Claimant-Caused Unreasonable Delay Under 11 NYCRR 65-3.9(d)

Date: Jul 9, 2026

No-Fault Compound Interest Must Exclude Periods of Claimant-Caused Unreasonable Delay Under 11 NYCRR 65-3.9(d) Case: Matter of 563 Grand Med., P.C. v. Country-Wide Ins. Co. Court: Appellate Division...

Frontario v. White Plains Pub. Sch. Dist.: Workers’ Compensation Exclusivity Requires Proof of Coverage/Benefits, and School-District Negligence Turns on Pre- vs. Post-Disclosure Notice

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Frontario v. White Plains Pub. Sch. Dist.: Workers’ Compensation Exclusivity Requires Proof of Coverage/Benefits, and School-District Negligence Turns on Pre- vs. Post-Disclosure Notice 1....

Sanctions for Refusing to Finalize an Enforced Settlement: No Separate Sanctions Hearing Required Under 22 NYCRR 130-1.1 When Parties Had Notice and an Opportunity to Oppose

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Sanctions for Refusing to Finalize an Enforced Settlement: No Separate Sanctions Hearing Required Under 22 NYCRR 130-1.1 When Parties Had Notice and an Opportunity to Oppose 1. Introduction Guliyev v...

Enforceability of PCUSA Express Property Trust Under Neutral Principles and New York Religious Corporations Law

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Enforceability of PCUSA Express Property Trust Under Neutral Principles and New York Religious Corporations Law Introduction In Presbytery of Long Is. v. Central Presbyt. Church, 2026 NY Slip Op...

Foreign-Country Money Judgments in New York: Article 53 Recognition Cannot Be Granted by “Cross-Motion” Before Issue Is Joined; Attachment Requires a Recognized Judgment and Concrete Proof of Fraudulent Intent

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Foreign-Country Money Judgments in New York: Article 53 Recognition Cannot Be Granted by “Cross-Motion” Before Issue Is Joined; Attachment Requires a Recognized Judgment and Concrete Proof of...

Adult Survivors Act Does Not Expand Employer Tort Liability: Respondeat Superior and Workers’ Compensation Exclusivity Limit Post-18 Tort Claims, While Executive Law § 296 Hostile-Work-Environment Claims May Proceed on Condonation

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Adult Survivors Act Does Not Expand Employer Tort Liability: Respondeat Superior and Workers’ Compensation Exclusivity Limit Post-18 Tort Claims, While Executive Law § 296 Hostile-Work-Environment...

Guardianship “Backdating” Does Not Control Idaho Quiet Title: Situs-State Jurisdiction Prevails Over Later Foreign Incapacity Findings

Date: Jul 9, 2026

Guardianship “Backdating” Does Not Control Idaho Quiet Title: Situs-State Jurisdiction Prevails Over Later Foreign Incapacity Findings I. Introduction Shaw v. Shaw (Idaho Supreme Court, July 8, 2026)...

Taylor v. Cao: “Unusually Deferential” APA Review Governs BCNR Discharge-Upgrade Denials and Permits Serious Misconduct to Outweigh PTSD Mitigation Under Hagel/Kurta/Wilkie Guidance

Date: Jul 8, 2026

Taylor v. Cao: “Unusually Deferential” APA Review Governs BCNR Discharge-Upgrade Denials and Permits Serious Misconduct to Outweigh PTSD Mitigation Under Hagel/Kurta/Wilkie Guidance 1. Introduction...

Enforceable 9.99% “Blockers” Defeat Section 16(b) Short-Swing Liability Absent Plausible Allegations of Sham, Waivability-in-Sole-Discretion, or Real-World Cap Breach

Date: Jul 8, 2026

Enforceable 9.99% “Blockers” Defeat Section 16(b) Short-Swing Liability Absent Plausible Allegations of Sham, Waivability-in-Sole-Discretion, or Real-World Cap Breach 1. Introduction In...

Broad “Remedial Authority” Clauses Permit Compensatory Monetary Awards for Staffing-Grid Breaches Absent an Express Contractual Limitation

Date: Jul 8, 2026

Broad “Remedial Authority” Clauses Permit Compensatory Monetary Awards for Staffing-Grid Breaches Absent an Express Contractual Limitation I. Introduction The New York and Presbyterian Hospital v....

Silence Is Forfeiture (Not Waiver): “Cooperate With and Abide by All Instructions of Immigration Authorities” Supervised-Release Condition Upheld

Date: Jul 8, 2026

Silence Is Forfeiture (Not Waiver): “Cooperate With and Abide by All Instructions of Immigration Authorities” Supervised-Release Condition Upheld I. Introduction In United States v. Salvador (2d Cir....

Seventh Circuit: Pretextual Commercial-Truck “Administrative Inspections” Violate the Fourth Amendment; No Good-Faith Safe Harbor for Tip-Driven K9 Stops

Date: Jul 8, 2026

Seventh Circuit: Pretextual Commercial-Truck “Administrative Inspections” Violate the Fourth Amendment; No Good-Faith Safe Harbor for Tip-Driven K9 Stops Case: United States v. Ausencio Martinez, No....

Hawkins v. Northwestern Corp.: Waiver of Procedural Judicial-Assignment Objections, Rule 2(c) Dismissal for Nonresponse, and “Good Cause” Limits on Post-Deadline Joinder

Date: Jul 8, 2026

Hawkins v. Northwestern Corp.: Waiver of Procedural Judicial-Assignment Objections, Rule 2(c) Dismissal for Nonresponse, and “Good Cause” Limits on Post-Deadline Joinder Introduction In Hawkins v....

Tuma v. Britt (2026 MT 144) Commentary

Date: Jul 8, 2026

Ambiguous Lease Amendment Removing “Paragraph 5” Permits Extrinsic Evidence and Preserves a Lessee’s Tenancy-in-Common Purchase Right Introduction Tuma v. Britt, 2026 MT 144, is a Montana Supreme...

State v. Twardoski (2026 MT 142): Revictimization Statistics as Permissible “Educational” Expert Testimony; Actual Vindictiveness Standard for Harsher Resentencing by a Different Judge

Date: Jul 8, 2026

Revictimization Statistics May Be “Educational,” and Harsher Resentencing by a Different Judge Requires Proof of Actual Vindictiveness 1. Introduction Case: State v. A. Twardoski, 2026 MT 142 (Mont....