“Private” Social Media as a Stage Whisper: Seventh Circuit Clarifies Pickering Balancing for Teachers’ Off‑Duty Posts and Rejects the Heckler’s‑Veto Frame Case: Jeanne Hedgepeth v. James A. Britton,...
When a State Court Says “No” to Arbitration, Federal Courts Don’t Re‑Ask: Seventh Circuit Enforces Issue Preclusion After a Denial of Arbitration and Subsequent Settlement Introduction In Mazen Agha...
Anonymous Tips Are Not Enough: Seventh Circuit Tightens Qualified Immunity Where Officers Fail to Corroborate Animal-Neglect Allegations and Clarifies Federal Malicious Prosecution Pleading...
Short Terms, Harsh Conditions: Seventh Circuit Holds That Three Months of Solitary in “Disgusting” Conditions Implicates a Liberty Interest, Yet Affirms on Qualified Immunity Introduction This...
Ortiz and McDonnell Douglas Reconciled: Comparator Pay Proof Is Essential in Title VII Pay-Disparity Claims Introduction In Frankie Nelson v. County of Cook (No. 24-2123), the Seventh Circuit...
Persistent Cyber-Security Threats as “Emergencies” under 49 U.S.C. §114(l)(2): Commentary on Grand Trunk Corporation & Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. TSA, 7th Cir. (2025) 1. Introduction The...
“Perpetual Emergencies” and Agency Power: Grand Trunk Corporation v. Transportation Security Administration Introduction Grand Trunk Corporation and its subsidiary, Illinois Central Railroad Company...
“Ever-Present Emergencies”: Grand Trunk Corp. v. TSA Confirms that Continuous Cyber-Threats Qualify as Emergencies under 49 U.S.C. § 114(l)(2) 1 · Introduction Grand Trunk Corporation and its...
Off-Duty, Personal-Social-Media Threats Can Violate 18 U.S.C. § 115(a)(1)(B) Commentary on United States v. Damon Taylor, 89 F.4th ___ (7th Cir. 2025) Introduction In United States v. Damon Taylor,...
Seventh Circuit Re-Affirms “Spoofing = Fraud” United States v. Gregg Smith, Michael Nowak & Christopher Jordan (2025) 1. Introduction In United States v. Gregg Smith, Nos. 23-2840, 23-2846 & 23-2849,...
“Spoofing” as a Stand-Alone Scheme to Defraud: United States v. Gregg Smith, Michael Nowak & Christopher Jordan, Seventh Circuit 2025 Introduction United States v. Gregg Smith consolidates three...
“Spoofing Equals Fraud” – The Seventh Circuit’s Definitive Pronouncement in United States v. Gregg Smith (2025) Introduction In United States v. Gregg Smith, Michael Nowak & Christopher Jordan, Nos....
“Involving a Minor” Encompasses Fictitious Minors Under § 2260A: A Comprehensive Commentary on Charles W. Christopher v. United States, 23-2976 (7th Cir. 2025) 1. Introduction Charles W. Christopher,...
Harley-Davidson Warranty Litigation: Seventh Circuit Narrows Magnuson-Moss Anti-Tying Reach and Reinforces Rigorous Market-Definition Standards 1. Introduction On 15 August 2025 the United States...
“The Recency Rule” in Asylum Adjudication: Seventh Circuit Clarifies Government-Protection and Internal-Relocation Standards Introduction In Dania Martinez-Martinez v. Pamela J. Bondi, No. 24-3281...
From Tinker to Hazelwood: Seventh Circuit Clarifies that Student Club Flyers on School Walls Are School-Sponsored Speech — A Commentary on E.D. v. Noblesville School District (2025) 1. Introduction...
“Between Substantial-Evidence and Clear-Error” – The Seventh Circuit’s Post-Wilkinson Roadmap for Reviewing Hardship Determinations Introduction Fidel Santos Mendoza, a long-time resident of Indiana...
Refining the Economic-Realities Test: When Hospitals Are Not “Employers” of Contract Physicians Commentary on Veerasikku Bommiasamy v. NES Oklahoma, Inc. (7th Cir. 2025) 1. Introduction The Seventh...
“Minor Policy Deviations Are Insufficient to Establish Pretext” – Commentary on the Seventh Circuit’s Decision in Wendy Lohmeier v. Gottlieb Memorial Hospital 1. Introduction The Seventh Circuit’s...
Seventh Circuit Clarifies the Post-Shinn Landscape: No Rhines Stay, No § 3599 Funding, and Limited Competency Stays When State Procedures Foreclose Relief 1. Introduction Jeffrey Alan Weisheit,...