Reversal of Antitrust Claims in Chiropractic Peer Review Practices Introduction In the landmark case of Bartholomew v. Virginia Chiropractors Association, Inc. (612 F.2d 812, 1979), five...
State Action Requirement under Section 1983: Insights from United Mine Workers v. Wellmore Coal Corporation Introduction The case of District 28, United Mine Workers of America, Inc., et al.,...
Disparate Treatment and Disparate Impact Under Title VII: Analysis of Wright v. National Archives (1979) Introduction Wright v. National Archives and Records Service is a pivotal 1979 case...
Limits on the Application of Section 596 for Seamen's Wage Claims and Relief from Default Judgments Under Rule 60(b) Introduction The case of Walter L. Compton, Jr., Appellee v. Alton Steamship...
Establishing Pleading Standards in Racial Discrimination Cases: Insights from United Black Firefighters of Norfolk v. Julian F. Hirst Introduction The case of United Black Firefighters of Norfolk et...
Affirmation by an Equally Divided Fourth Circuit in UNITED STATES v. MANDEL: Implications for Jury Instructions in Mail Fraud Cases Introduction The case of United States of America v. Marvin Mandel...
Enhanced Standards for Disability Determination under Social Security Act in Hicks v. Califano Introduction The case of Willie Hicks v. Joseph A. Califano, Jr. is a pivotal decision by the United...
Morrison v. Nissan: Establishing Standards for Antitrust Violations in Franchise Agreements Introduction Morrison v. Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. is a seminal case adjudicated by the United States Court of...
Enhancing Privacy Protections in Electronic Surveillance: United States v. Duncan, Jr. Introduction In the landmark appellate case United States of America v. Edwin Duncan, Jr. (598 F.2d 839, 4th...
Genuine Issues in Contract Formation: Analysis of Charbonnages de France v. Smith Introduction Charbonnages de France v. Frank B. Smith, Juanita Smith, Frank Smith, Jr., Smith Brothers Construction...
Stawls v. Califano: Establishing Standards for Disability Evidence in Social Security Claims Introduction The case of Marjorie L. Stawls v. Joseph A. Califano, Jr., adjudicated by the United States...
Frivolousness in Prisoner Civil Rights Actions: Insights from Boyce v. Alizaduh Introduction Boyce v. Alizaduh is a pivotal case adjudicated by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth...
Right of Inmates to Expunge Erroneous Information from Prison Files under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 Introduction FREDERICK ROBERT PAINE, APPELLEE v. BEN L. BAKER, SUPERVISOR OF RECORDS, AND THE NORTH CAROLINA...
Cooper v. United States: Establishing Constitutional Protections in Plea Bargaining Beyond Contractual Framework Introduction Cooper v. United States, 594 F.2d 12 (4th Cir. 1979), is a landmark...
Judicial Review of EEOC's Determination: Georator Corp. v. EEOC Introduction Georator Corporation v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 592 F.2d 765 (4th Cir. 1979), is a pivotal case...
Clarifying 'Scheme to Defraud' in Mail Fraud and Racketeering Cases: Insights from United States v. Mandel et al. (1979) Introduction The case of United States of America v. Marvin Mandel et al. (591...
Limitation of Third-Party Consent in Warrantless Searches: United States v. Block, 4th Cir. 1978 Introduction United States of America v. William E. Block, 590 F.2d 535 (4th Cir. 1978), is a pivotal...
Fourth Circuit Establishes Plain Error Standard for Alternate Juror Participation Introduction The case of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. WILTON CHATMAN, 584 F.2d 1358 (4th Cir. 1978), presents a...
Polytarides v. United States: Clarifying Standards for Coercion and Advice of Counsel Defenses Introduction The case United States of America v. Antonio G. Polytarides, decided by the United States...
Hudspeth v. Figgins: Affirming Inmate Rights Under Section 1983 Introduction Hudspeth v. Figgins is a seminal case adjudicated by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit on October...