R v Benson: Neurodiversity and Testimonials Rarely Justify Major Reductions; Significant Upward Movement Required for A2 Section 18 GBH with Multiple Weapons and Extortionary Threats 1) Introduction...
Imprisonment for Public Protection as a Last Resort: The Duty to Consider Extended Sentences – Commentary on R v Zulfqar [2025] EWCA Crim 1683 1. Introduction This commentary examines the decision of...
Renewed Confiscation Appeal Adjournments: No “Start-Again” by Stealth—Renewal Confined to Existing Grounds Absent a Formal Amendment Application Case: Gohil & Anor, R. v Citation: [2025] EWCA Crim...
R v Blachford [2025] EWCA Crim 1542: Cross‑Category Sentencing for Rape, Severe Psychological Harm and the Limits of Unduly Lenient Sentence References 1. Introduction R v Blachford [2025] EWCA Crim...
Lloyd & Doran [2025] EWCA Crim 1565: Sentencing Attempted Domestic Burglary and Related Driving Offences – The Duty to Reflect Attempts and the Totality Principle Case: R v Lloyd & Anor [2025] EWCA...
Legitimate Debt as No Mitigation for Violent False Imprisonment: Commentary on R v Natha & Anor [2025] EWCA Crim 1577 1. Introduction This commentary examines the decision of the England and Wales...
Election Requires Knowledge Even for Express Contractual Rights; No Deemed Knowledge of Contract Terms; “Remaining Value” Means Turnover — URE Energy Ltd v Notting Hill Genesis [2025] EWCA Civ 1407...
Issued When Sealed, Not When Despatched: Whole‑course scrutiny governs extensions of time to serve claim forms Commentary on Bali v 1‑2 Couriers Ltd & Anor [2025] EWCA Civ 1413 (Court of Appeal,...
Materiality as the Gateway under s.146B: Non‑material alterations to SID permissions need no EIA/AA or public participation and may be adopted mid‑litigation without objective bias Introduction This...
Planning Conditions as Standard-and-Fallback, Harmless Error, and Curative Amendments in SID Consents: Commentary on Rural Residents Wind Aware & Ors v An Coimisiún Pleanála & Ors [2025] IEHC 600...
When a fundamental EIA public‑notice breach does not trigger certiorari: the “phase‑two cure” discretion in North Westmeath Turbine Action Group v An Bord Pleanála [2025] IEHC 608 Introduction This...
No Exceptional Point: Section 5 of the 2000 Act Encompasses Section 50 Refoulement Opinions; Article 15(c) Not Required at Refoulement Stage Introduction This ruling of the High Court of Ireland...
No Waiver Without Actual Knowledge: Probation Compliance Cannot Cure In Absentia Defects under s.45 Commentary on Minister for Justice v Nistor [2025] IEHC 609 (High Court of Ireland, 5 November...
Genuine belief that proceedings were served, absent unusual external factors, is “mere inadvertence” and does not satisfy the Order 8 r.1(4) “special circumstances” gateway Commentary on Hadnett v...
Insurer Indemnity Third‑Party Notices in the Circuit Court: No Section 27 Time Imperative and a “Manifestly Bound to Fail” Threshold on Set‑Aside Introduction Foley v 360 Degrees Complete Maintenance...
‘Inactivity’ Means No Procedural Steps and Cumulative Periods Count: The High Court’s Primor–Kirwan Roadmap in Doyle v Commissioner of An Garda Síochána [2025] IEHC 591 Introduction This High Court...
Reason-Giving as a Gateway to Statutory Appeals: Inadequate Labour Court Reasons Make s.46 Appeal an Inadequate Alternative Remedy Introduction In Arkins & Anor v Labour Court [2025] IEHC 605, the...
Reaffirming the Salem Discretion: Court of Appeal Declines to Determine Academic Appeal on NRPF Support and Article 8 Introduction In LR, R (On the Application Of) v Coventry City Council [2025] EWCA...
No Automatic Restitutionary Interest on Set-Aside Payments: Fairness-Based Allocation to Interest First Case: Evonik UK Holdings Ltd v Revenue and Customs [2025] EWCA Civ 1392 Court: England and...
Hyland v Commissioner of An Garda Síochána: Section 9 Is a Retention Rule, Not a Use Rule — Lawful Knowledge from a Search Warrant May Ground Garda Disciplinary Action (Subject to Privacy...