People v. Elmore

Contrary to defendant's contention, County Court did not abuse its discretion in denying his oral requests to be provided with the services of an investigator inasmuch as defendant failed to establish that such services were " 'necessary to his defense' " ( People v Clark , 142 AD3d 1339 , 1340 [4th Dept 2016], lv denied 28 NY3d 1143 [2017]; see generally People v Pike , 63 AD3d 1692 , 1693 [4th Dept 2009], lv denied 13 NY3d 838 [2009]; People v Drumgoole , 234 AD2d 888, 890 [4th Dept 1996], lv denied 89 NY2d 1011 [1997]). We further note that, to the extent defendant contends that the court denied his request for investigative services because of bias against him, defendant has made no showing that the court displayed actual bias ( see generally People v Anderson , 220 AD3d 1223 , 1227 [4th Dept 2023], lv denied 42 NY3d 1051 [2024]; People v Sides , 215 AD3d 1250 , 1252 [4th Dept 2023], lv denied 40 NY3d 936 [2023]).

Contrary to defendant's contention, the court did not abuse its discretion in denying his request for an adjournment of the trial. It is well settled that " '[t]he granting of an adjournment for any purpose is a matter resting within the sound discretion of the trial court' " ( People v Diggins , 11 NY3d 518 , 524 [2008]; see People v Spears , 64 NY2d 698, 699-700 [1984]), but in "particular situations, when the protection of fundamental rights has been involved in requests for adjournments," the court's discretion is "more narrowly construed" ( Spears , 64 NY2d at [*2] 700). Even in such situations, however, " '[t]he court's exercise of discretion in denying a request for an adjournment will not be overturned absent a showing of prejudice' " ( People v Peterkin , 81 AD3d 1358 , 1360 [4th Dept 2011], lv denied 17 NY3d 799 [2011]). Under the circumstances of this case, we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion inasmuch as defendant "did not demonstrate that the requested adjournment was necessitated by factors outside his control" ( People v DeValle ,

194 AD3d 1411 , 1412 [4th Dept 2021], lv denied 37 NY3d 964 [2021]), did not establish that the request was not "a delaying tactic" ( People v Fagan , 12 AD3d 1080 , 1081 [4th Dept 2004]), and failed to establish any prejudice that would result ( see People v Migranyan , 237 AD3d 1109 , 1109 [2d Dept 2025], lv denied 44 NY3d 983 [2025]).

Defendant's contention that he was denied his right to a public trial pursuant to the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution because of alleged problems with the quality of the audio and visual streaming broadcast of his court proceedings in the court's viewing room, which was being used because of the COVID-19 pandemic, is not preserved for our review inasmuch as defendant "did not request a Hinton hearing on the issue" ( People v Dozier , 238 AD3d 1523 , 1525 [4th Dept 2025]; see People v Everson , 158 AD3d 1119 , 1123 [4th Dept 2018], lv denied 31 NY3d 1081 [2018], reconsideration denied 31 NY3d 1147 [2018], cert denied 586 US 1198 [2019]; see generally People v Hinton , 31 NY2d 71, 73-76 [1972], cert denied 410 US 911 [1973]). Defendant's contention that the evidence is not legally sufficient to support the element of intent with respect to the counts of attempted murder in the second degree (Penal Law §§ 110.00,

125.25 [1]) and criminal use of a firearm in the first degree (§ 265.09 [1] [a]) is not preserved inasmuch as his motion for a trial order of dismissal made at the close of proof was not "specifically directed" at the issue ( People v Gray , 86 NY2d 10, 19 [1995] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v Hines , 97 NY2d 56, 62 [2001], rearg denied 97 NY2d 678 [2001]). In any event, intent

"may be inferred from conduct as well as the surrounding circumstances" ( People v Rouse , 34 NY3d 269 , 274 [2019] [internal quotation marks omitted]), and the evidence that defendant pointed a loaded firearm at three individuals and then fired three shots in their direction " 'supports an inference that, rather than acting recklessly, defendant fired shots with the intent to kill one or more' " of the individuals ( People v Blackshell , 178 AD3d 1355 , 1356 [4th Dept 2019], lv denied 35 NY3d 968 [2020]; see People v Forsythe , 230 AD3d 1544 , 1545 [4th Dept 2024], lv denied 42 NY3d 1079 [2025]; People v Brown , 120 AD3d 954 , 956 [4th Dept 2014], lv denied 24 NY3d 1118 [2015]). Contrary to defendant's further contention, viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crimes of attempted murder in the second degree (Penal Law §§ 110.00, 125.25 [1]), criminal use

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of a firearm in the first degree (§ 265.09 [1] [a]), assault in the second degree (§ 120.05 [2]), and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (§ 265.03 [3]) with respect to the shooting incident, and resisting arrest (§ 205.30) as charged to the jury ( see People v Danielson , 9 NY3d 342 , 349 [2007]), we conclude that the verdict with respect to those counts is not against the weight of the evidence ( see generally People v Bleakley , 69 NY2d 490, 495 [1987]). Viewing the evidence in light of the elements of the crime of criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (§

265.03 [3]) with respect to the brandishing incident as charged to the jury ( see Danielson , 9 NY3d at 349), we conclude that "an acquittal would have been unreasonable . . . , and thus the verdict [with respect to that count] is not against the weight of the evidence" ( People v Weezorak , 134 AD3d 1590 , 1590 [4th Dept 2015], lv denied 27 NY3d 970 [2016] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see People v Kreutter , 121 AD3d 1534 , 1535-1536 [4th Dept 2014], lv denied 25 NY3d 990 [2015]; see generally Bleakley , 69 NY2d at 495).

Defendant's contention that the court erred in not giving an Allen charge is not preserved for our review inasmuch as defendant failed to request an Allen charge ( see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Wilmet , 239 AD3d 1436 , 1437 [4th Dept 2025], lv denied 44 NY3d 985 [2025]). In any event, the instruction provided by the court in response to a jury note " 'did not coerce or compel the jury to reach a verdict' " ( People v Afrika , 278 AD2d 942, 942 [4th Dept 2000]) but, rather, was properly

"open ended and encouraging" ( People v Brooks , 183 AD3d 1231 , 1232 [4th Dept 2020], lv denied

35 NY3d 1043 [2020]; see generally People v Pagan , 45 NY2d 725, 726-727 [1978]). Defendant failed to preserve for our review his contention that the United States Supreme Court's holding in Erlinger v United States (602 US 821 [2024]) renders his sentencing as a second violent felony offender unconstitutional ( see CPL 470.05 [2]; People v Hernandez , 43 NY3d 591 , 597 [2025]; see generally People v Finkelstein , 28 NY3d 345 , 348 [2016]). We decline to exercise our power to review that contention as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice ( see CPL

470.15 [6] [a]). The sentence is not unduly harsh or severe. Finally, we have reviewed defendant's remaining contention and conclude that it does not warrant modification or reversal of the judgment.

Entered: November 21, 2025

Ann Dillon Flynn

Clerk of the Court

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