Page 1 of 61
HIGH COURT OF TRIPURA
AGARTALA
1. W.P(c)No. 1138 of 2016.
Smt. Sudipa Saha, W/o. Sri Braja Dulal Saha, R/o. Ward No.35, Saha Para near old water supply, Bankumary Renters Colony, P.O - Agartala, P.S-East Agartala, District - West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S - New Capital Complex, District - West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S - West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-110016.
5. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
----Respondent(s)
2. W.P(c)No. 23 of 2017.
Sri Dulal Debnath, S/o. Sri Gouranga Debnath, R/o.-Vill. + P.O- Sonatala, P.S-Khowai, District-Khowai.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-110016.
5. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
----Respondent(s)
Page 2 of 61
3. W.P(c)No. 25 of 2017.
Sri Suman Pal, S/o. Late Samir Kanta Pal, R/o-Shibnagar, Agartala, P.O-College Tilla, P.S-East Agartala, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-110016.
5. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
----Respondent(s)
4. W.P(c)No. 26 of 2017.
Smt. Ruma Sen, W/o. Sri Rahul Dhar, R/o.-Vill.-Mohanpur, P.O + P.S-Kailashwar, District-Unokoti.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-110016.
5. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
----Respondent(s)
Page 3 of 61
5. W.P(c)No. 27 of 2017.
Sri Dulal Debnath, S/o. Sri Gouranga Debnath, R/o.-Vill. + P.O- Sonatala, P.S-Khowai, District-Khowai.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-110016.
5. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
----Respondent(s)
6. W.P(c)No. 28 of 2017.
Sri Suman Pal, S/o. Late Samir Kanta Pal, R/o-Shibnagar, Agartala, P.O-College Tilla, P.S-East Agartala, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-110016.
5. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
----Respondent(s)
Page 4 of 61
7. W.P(c)No. 520 of 2017.
Smt. Sangita Das, D/o. Sri Atul Kr. Dasl, R/o. Vill.-Amtali, P.O & P.S-Amtali, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-110016.
5. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
----Respondent(s)
8. W.P(c)No. 1018 of 2017.
Sri Manik Bhowmik, S/o. Sri Pradip Kumar Bhowmik, R.O-Vill.- Matabari, P.O-Matabari, P.S-R. K. Pur, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council For Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
Page 5 of 61
9. W.P(c)No. 1019 of 2017.
Sri Dipankar Ghosh, S/o. Adhir Ghosh, R.O-Vill.-Bampur, P.O- Bampur, P.S-Birganj, District-Gomati, Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
10. W.P(c)No. 1020 of 2017.
Sri Surajit Bhattacharjee, S/O-Late Samarjit Bhattacharjee, R.O - Vill.-Thakurpara, P.O-Indranagar, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
Page 6 of 61
11. W.P(c)No. 1021 of 2017.
Sri Suman Das, S/o.-Rasaraj Ch. Das, R.O-Vill.-Kanchanmala, P.O-Amtali, P.S-Amtali, District-West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
12. W.P(c)No. 1022 of 2017.
Sri Sanjib Kumar Das, S/o- Kajal Kumar Das, R.O-Vill.-West Dukli, P.O-Madhuban Dukli, P.S-Amtali, District-West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its s Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
Page 7 of 61
13. W.P(c)No. 1023 of 2017.
Smt. Swarnalika Dey, D.O-Late Nitai Ch. Dey, R.O-Vill.-Udaipur, P.O-R.K. Pur, P.S- R. K. Pur, District-Gomati Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
14. W.P(c)No. 1024 of 2017.
Sri Mitan Das, S/o. Anil Ch. Das, R.O-Vill.-South Nalchar, P.O- East Nalchar, P.S-East Nalchar, District-Sepahijala Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
Page 8 of 61
15. W.P(c)No. 1025 of 2017.
Sri Biswajit Debnath, S/o.-Mitilal Debnath, R.O-Vill.-Rambari, P.O-Thakurchara, P.S-Baikhora, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
16. W.P(c)No. 1026 of 2017.
Smt. Sudipa Saha, W.o-Braja Dulal Saha, R.O-Vill.-Bankumari, P.O- Jogendranagar, P.S-East Agartala, District-West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
Page 9 of 61
17. W.P(c)No. 1027 of 2017.
Smt. Bijeyeata Das, D.O-Sri Babul Ch. Das, R.O-Vill.- South Belonia, P.O-Belonia, P.S-Belonia, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
18. W.P(c)No. 1028 of 2017.
Sri Mitan Nama, S/o-Late Dulal Nama, R.O-Vill.-West Jolaibari, P.O-Jolaibari, P.S-Baikhora, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
Page 10 of 61
19. W.P(c)No. 1029 of 2017.
Sri Anjan Sarkar, S.O-Swapan Sarkar, R.O-Vill.- Kalshimura, P.O- Kalshimura, P.S-Kalamchowra, District-Sepahijala Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
20. W.P(c)No. 1030 of 2017.
Sri Ranjit Chandra Saha, S/o-Anil Chandra Saha, R.O-Vill.- Chandamari (West), P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
Page 11 of 61
21. W.P(c)No. 1031 of 2017.
Sri Dhananjoy Das, S.O-Pokan Das, R.O-Vill.-Battali, P.O-Battali, P.S-Sonamura, District-Sepahijala Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
22. W.P(c)No. 1032 of 2017.
Sri Jonson Tripura, S/o-Late Sri Kali Kumar Tripura, R.O-Vill.- Sonai Chari, P.O-Sonai Bazar, P.S-Sabroom, District-South Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
Page 12 of 61
23. W.P(c)No. 1033 of 2017.
Sri Karna Barman, S.O-Sri Krishna Chandra Barman, R.O-Vill.- Birchandranagar, P.O- Takmachara, P.S-Santir Bazar, District- South Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
24. W.P(c)No. 1034 of 2017.
Sri Jhutan Debnath, S/o.-Maghulal Debnath, R.O-Vill.-Uttar Maharani, P.O- Maharani, P.S-R. K. Pur, District-Gomati Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 13 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
25. W.P(c)No. 1035 of 2017.
Smt. Rakhi Muhuri, W.O-Arpan Ghosh, R.O-Vill.-Charakbai, P.O- Laxmichara, P.S-Baikhora, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
26. W.P(c)No. 1036 of 2017.
Sri Mitan Sutradhar, S/o.-Shyamal Sutradhar, R.O-Vill.-Satbudia, P.O-Fatikchara, P.S-Sidhai, District-West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 14 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
27. W.P(c)No. 1037 of 2017.
Sri Jiban Das, S/o- Sri Umesh Ch. Das, R.O - Vill.- Bhabanipur, P.O-Bhabanipur, P.S-Jatra Pur, District-Sepahijala Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
28. W.P(c)No. 1038 of 2017.
Sri Kirit Tripura, S/O-Rabindra Kumar Tripura, R.O-Vill.- Chatakchari, P.O & P.S-Sonaichari, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 15 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
29. W.P(c)No. 1039 of 2017.
Sri Suman Pal, S/o. Late Samir Kanta Pal, R/o-Vill.-Shibnagar, Agartala, P.O-College Tilla, P.S-East Agartala, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
30. W.P(c)No. 1040 of 2017.
Sri Ashim Biswas, S/o-Sukhlal Biswas, R.O-Vill.-Rangutia, P.O- Bamutia, P.S-Lefunga, District-West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 16 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
31. W.P(c)No. 1041 of 2017.
Sri Dipankar Das, S/o. Sri Pulin Ch. Das, R.O-Vill.-Bhabanipur, P.O-Bhabanipur, P.S-Jatra Pur, District-Sepahijala Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
32. W.P(c)No. 1042 of 2017.
Sri Dulal Debnath, S/o- Gouranga Debnath, R.O-Vill. & P.O- Sonatala, P.S-Khowai, District-Khowai.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 17 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
33. W.P(c)No. 1047 of 2017.
Sri Debajit Das, S/o-Sri Pulin Das, R.O-Vill.-Garurband, P.O- Urmai, P.S-Sunamura, District-Sepahijala Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
34. W.P(c)No. 1048 of 2017.
Smt. Sangita Banik, D.O-Sri Radha Raman Banik, R.O-Vill.-East Pratapgarh, P.O-Pratapgarh, P.S-East Agartala, District-West Agartala.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 18 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
35. W.P(c)No. 1050 of 2017.
Sri Manik Bhowmik, S/o. Sri Pradip kumar Bhowmik, R.O-Vill.- Matabari, P.O-Matabari, P.S-R. K. Pur, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
36. W.P(c)No. 1145 of 2017.
Sri Dipankar Das, S/o- Sri Pulin Ch. Das, R.O-Vill.- Bhabanipur, P.O-Bhabanipur, P.S-Jatra Pur, District-Sepahijala Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 19 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
37. W.P(c)No. 1146 of 2017.
Sri Suman Pal, S/o. Late Samir Kanta Pal, R/o-Shibnagar, Agartala, P.O-College Tilla, P.S-East Agartala, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
38. W.P(c)No. 1147 of 2017.
Sri Dulal Debnath, S/o. Sri Gouranga Debnath, R/o.-Vill. & P.O- Sonatala, P.S-Khowai, District-Khowai.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
Page 20 of 61
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
39. W.P(c)No. 1148 of 2017.
Sri Dhananjoy Das, S.O-Pokan Das, R.O-Vill.-Battali, P.O-Battali, P.S-Sonamura, District-Sepahijala Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
40. W.P(c)No. 1149 of 2017.
Sri Mitan Das, S.O-Anil Ch. Das, R.O-Vill.-South Nalchar, P.O- East Nalchar, P.S-East Nalchar, District-Sepahijala Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
Page 21 of 61
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
41. W.P(c)No. 1150 of 2017.
Sri Mitan Sutradhar, S.O-Shyamal Sutradhar, R.O-Vill.-Satbudia, P.O-Fatikchara, P.S-Sidhai, District-West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
42. W.P(c)No. 1151 of 2017.
Sri Jonson Tripura, S.O-Late Sri Kali Kumar Tripura, R.O-Vill.- Sonai Chari, P.O-Sonai Bazar, P.S-Sabroom, District-South Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
Page 22 of 61
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
43. W.P(c)No. 1152 of 2017.
Sri Karna Barman, S.O-Sri Krishna Chandra Barman, R.O-Vill.- Birchandranagar, P.O-Takmachara, P.S-Santir Bazar, District- South Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
44. W.P(c)No. 1153 of 2017.
Sri Sanjib Kumar Das, S.O-Kajal Kumar Das, R.O-Vill.-West Dukli, P.O-Madhuban Dukli, P.S-Amtali, District-West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
Page 23 of 61
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
45. W.P(c)No. 1154 of 2017.
Smt. Dipti Tripura, D/o. Sri Padma Mohan Tripura, R/o.-Vill.- Chatakchari, P.O-Sonaibazar, P.S-Sonaibazar, District-South Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
46. W.P(c)No. 1155 of 2017.
Sri Suklal Debnath, S/o.Ripan Debnath, R/o.-Vill.-Laxmipur, P.O- Barpathari, P.S-Belonia, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
Page 24 of 61
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
47. W.P(c)No. 1156 of 2017.
Smt. Papri Debnath, W/o. Sri Charan Tudu, R/o.-Vill.-Dhaleswar Road No.11, P.O: Dhaleswar, P.S-East Agartala, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
48. W.P(c)No. 1157 of 2017.
Smt. Sabgita Banik, D/o:Radha Raman Banik, R/o. Vill.-East Pratapgarh, P.O-Pratapgarh, P.S-East Agartala, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
Page 25 of 61
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
49. W.P(c)No. 1158 of 2017.
Smt. Rakhi Muhuri, W/o. Arpan Ghosh, R.O.-Vill.-Charakbai, P.O- Laxmichara, P.S-Baikhora, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
50. W.P(c)No. 1159 of 2017.
Smt. Debsree Debnath. D/o.Santosh Debnath, R/o.-Vill.-Baraiya, P.O-Baldakhal, P.S-Belonia, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
Page 26 of 61
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
51. W.P(c)No. 1160 of 2017.
Sri Suman Das, S/o. Rasaraj Ch. Das, R/o.-Vill.-Kanchanmala, P.O-Amtali, P.S-Amtali, District-West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
52. W.P(c)No. 1161 of 2017.
Sri Kirit Tripura, S.O-Rabindra Kumar Tripura, R.O-Vill.- Chatakchari, P.O & P.S-Sonaichari, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 27 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
53. W.P(c)No. 1162 of 2017.
Smt. Sudipa Saha, W/o.-Braja Dulal Saha, R.O-Vill.-Bankumari, P.O-Jogendranagar, P.S-East Agartala, District-West Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
54. W.P(c)No. 1163 of 2017.
Smt. Mitan Nama, S.O-Late Dulal Nama, R.O-Vill.-West Jolaibari, P.O-Jolaibari, P.S-Baikhora, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 28 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
55. W.P(c)No. 1164 of 2017.
Sri Ranjit Chandra Saha, S/o. Anil Chandra Saha, R.O-Vill.- Chandamari (West), P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
56. W.P(c)No. 1165 of 2017.
Smt. Ankita Deb, D/o: Late Amalendu Deb, R/O.-Vill.-Housing Board, P.O-R. K. Pur, P.S-R. K. Pur, District-Gomati Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 29 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
57. W.P(c)No. 1166 of 2017.
Sri Subrata Sarkar, S/o: Sushir Sarkar, R.O.-Vill.-Laxmichara, P.O-Laxmichara, P.S-Baikhora, District-South Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
58. W.P(c)No. 1167 of 2017.
Sri Debasis Bhowmik, S/o. Nirmal Bhowmik, R/O-Vill.-Sonamura, P.O-R.K. Pur, P.S-R. K. Pur, District-Gomati Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 30 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
59. W.P(c)No. 1168 of 2017.
Sri Debajit Das, S.O-Sri Pulin Das, R.O.-Vill.-Garurband, P.O- Urmai, P.S-Sunamura, District-Sepahijala Tripura. ----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
60. W.P(c)No. 1169 of 2017.
Sri Surajit Bhattacharjee, S/O-Late Samarjit Bhattacharjee, R.O- Vill. Thakurpara, P.O-Indranagar, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
----Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 31 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
61. W.P(c)No. 1170 of 2017.
Sri Jiban Das, S/O-Sri Umesh Ch. Das, R.O-Vill.-Bhabanipur, P.O- Bhabanipur, P.S-Jatra Pur, District-Sepahijala Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
62. W.P(c)No. 1171 of 2017.
Sri Biswajit Debnath, S.O-Matilal Debnath, R.O-Vill.-Rambari, P.O-Thakurchara, P.S-Baikhora, District-South Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 32 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
63. W.P(c)No. 1172 of 2017.
Sri Dipankar Ghosh, S/o. Adhir Ghosh, R.O-Vill-Bampur, P.O- Bampur, P.S-Birganj, District-Gomati Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
64. W.P(c)No. 1173 of 2017.
Sri Anjan Sarkar, S/O-Swapan Sarkar, R.O-Vill.-Kalshimura, P.O- Kalshimura, P.S-Kalamchowra, Distrit-Sepahijala Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 33 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
65. W.P(c)No. 1174 of 2017.
Sri Ashim Biswas, S.O-Sukhlal Biswas, R.O-Vill.-Rangutia, P.O- Bamutia, P.S-Lefunga, District-West Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
66. W.P(c)No. 1175 of 2017.
Smt. Swarnalika Dey, D.O-Late Nitai Ch. Dey, R.O-Vill.-Udaipur, P.O-R. K. Pur, P.S-R. K. Pur, District-Gomati Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 34 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
67. W.P(c)No. 1176 of 2017.
Sri Jhutan Debnath, S.O-Maghulal Debnath, R.O-Vill.-Uttar Maharani, P.O-Maharani, P.S-R.K. Pur, District-Gomati Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
68. W.P(c)No. 1177 of 2017.
Sri Hiranya Jamatia, S.O-Padma Mohan Jamatia, R.O-Vill.- Atharabla, P.O-Manikya, P.S-Killa, District-Gomati Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 35 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
69. W.P(c)No. 1178 of 2017.
Smt. Bijeyeata Das, D.O-Sri Babul Ch. Das, R.O-Vill.-South Belonia, P.O-Belonia, P.S-Belonia, District-South Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
70. W.P(c)No. 1179 of 2017.
Sri Dipankar Majumder, S/O. Sri Shyamal Ranjan Majumder, R/O-Master Para, Town Bordowali, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 36 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
71. W.P(c)No. 1346 of 2017.
Sri Sujit Debnath, S/O-Haralal Debnath, R.O-West Pilak, P.O- Madhya Pilak, P.S-Baikhora, District-South Tripura. ---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
72. W.P(c)No. 1349 of 2017.
Smt. Karabi Majumder, W/o. Sri Chirajit Das, R/O-Vill.- Rajarbagh, P.O-Rajarbagh, P.S-R. K. Pur, Ward No.16, District- Gomoti Tripura.
---Petitioner(s)
Versus
1. The State of Tripura, represented by Secretary-cum- Commissioner to the School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Kunjaban, P.S-New Capital Complex, District-West Tripura.
2. The Director of School Education Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala, District-West Tripura.
3. Teacher Recruitment Board Tripura (TRBT), Represented by its Member Secretary, Education (School) Department, Govt. of Tripura, P.O-Agartala, P.S-West Agartala. District-West Tripura.
4. National Council for Teacher Education(NCTE), Represented by its Member Secretary, Hans Bhawan, Wing-II, 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi-110002.
Page 37 of 61
5. The Rehabilitation Council of India, Represented by its Member Secretary, B-22, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi-
110016.
----Respondent(s)
BEFORE
HON'BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE MR. SANJAY KAROL HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE ARINDAM LODH
For the Petitioner(s) : Mr. Arijit Bhaumik, Advocate. Mr. A. Debbarma, Advocate.
For the respondent(s) : Mr. A. K.Bhowmik, Adv. Gen. Mr. N.Choudhury, G. A.
Mr. S. Sinha, Advocate.
Mr. T. D. Majumder, Advocate.
Date of hearing : 12.12.2018
Date of judgment : 19.12.2018.
Whether fit for reporting : YES. Judgment & Order
(Sanjay Karol, C.J.)
In this bunch of petitions, the question involved is common. For the purposes of convenience as mutually agreed by the learned counsel, we only refer to the facts of WP(C) No.1050/2017 titled as Manik Bhowmik Vs The State of Tripura & Ors.
2. In the said petition, petitioner has prayed for the following reliefs:
(I) Issue notice upon the respondents
(II) Call for the records.
(III) Issue rule calling upon the respondents to show cause as to why the recruitment rule dated 5/9/2016 bearing no. F.3(C-13)SE-E(GL)2015 whereby vide clause (7) the degree of Bachelor of Education (Special) has been derecognized as an essential qualification for the post of Graduate teacher, shall not be set aside and quashed.
Page 38 of 61
AND
Issue rule calling upon the respondents to show cause as to why the advertisement dated 27/5/2017 whereby the respondents have notified the posts of Graduate teacher on the basis of the aforesaid recruitment rules shall not be set aside and quashed
AND
Issue rule calling upon the respondents to show cause as to why a writ of mandamus directing the respondents to treat the degree of B.Ed(Special) as equivalent to B.Ed (Regular) and thereafter to consider the Petitioner as eligible candidate for the post of Graduate teacher shall not be issued.
(IV) And after hearing the parties please make the rule absolute
AND
In the interim be pleased to keep one post of Graduate teacher pursuant to advertisement dated 27/5/2017 vacant for the petitioner till disposal of the connected writ petition. AND/OR
For this act of kindness your humble petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray."
3. On 5th September, 2016, by virtue of its power under Article 309 of the Constitution of India, the Government of Tripura notified rules termed as the "Recruitment Rules, 2016"
for the post of Graduate Teacher, (For Class IX-X) under the Education Department, Directorate of Secondary Education.
4. The minimum essential qualification prescribed under the said Rules, with which we are concerned, and to which challenge is laid by the writ petitioners, reads as under:
Page 39 of 61
"Essential Minimum Qualification:-
(a) Graduate/Post Graduate from recognized University with at least 50% marks in either Graduation or Post Graduation (or its equivalent) and Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) from national Council for Teacher Education recognized Institution." (emphasis supplied)
5. Pursuant to the said notification, on 27thMay, 2017 the State notified its intent of filling up vacancies to the post of graduate teachers for class IX and X.
6. Noticeably, the said notification reiterated the eligibility criteria, so stipulated under the Rules, reproduced supra.
7. Provision for equivalence of a degree was also made as was so prescribed in clause-4 of the very same notification, which reads as under:
"4. Equivalency of a Degree: Equivalence of a Degree (if any) will be ascertained by Equivalence Committee formed vide Notification No. F.1.(1-50)-SE/E(NG)/2015 dated 20.08.2016 by Education (School) Department. Decision of Equivalence Committee will be final in this regard."
8. It is not in dispute that pursuant to such advertisement, all of the writ petitioners applied, appeared in the written examination and were selected for the said post. Only thereafter, their applications for verification of fulfillment of eligibility criteria processed. It is at this stage, that it was so ascertained that none of the writ petitioners fulfilled the eligibility criteria inasmuch as they had not obtained a degree of Bachelor of Education from "National Council for Teacher Education recognised institution."
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9. Since petitioners did not fulfill the eligibility criteria, they approached this Court, laying challenge to the eligibility condition prescribing the eligibility criteria.
10. On 06.09.2017 when these petitions came up for hearing, this Court directed that appointments made, if any, shall be subject to the outcome of the writ petition.
11. It is the common case of all the parties, that save and except for 8/10 persons, all the selected candidates/ petitioners were issued letters of appointment and are now serving the State. But then obviously as they stand informed, such appointment is subject to the outcome of the writ petition.
12. In any event, we are of the considered view that no equity can be claimed by any one of such persons, merely for the reason that their cases were pending before this Court and that the State volunteered to issue letters of appointment, dehors the rules prescribing minimum eligibility criteria.
13. Assailing the eligibility criteria, Sri Arijit Bhowmik, learned counsel appearing for the petitioners has made the following submissions:
a) Under the provisions of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, (hereinafter referred to as the „RTE"), all children including child with disability as defined under sub- section (ee) of Section 2 has a right to undertake free and quality education.
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b) The criteria prescribing eligibility for appointment as a teacher under the said Act, and more specifically under Section 23 has to be such as would enhance the quality of education and sub-serve not only the provisions of the said Act, but also provisions of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, (hereinafter referred to as the „Disabilities Act"), and the Rehabilitation of India Act, 1992, (hereinafter referred to as the „the Rehabilitation Act").
c) To buttress such contention, it is argued that the authority stipulated under Section 23 of the RTE Act has to prescribe only such minimum qualification, which sub-serves the objects and purposes of the Disabilities Act and the Rehabilitation Act.
d) Under the provisions of the Disabilities Act, the State is under an obligation to provide for such an inclusive education, as is so defined under Section (m) of Section 2 of the Said Act and that it is the duty of every appropriate government and the educational institutions to ensure that no discrimination in providing education is made out to any one of the children. In this regard, specific attention is invited to Section 16 of this Act.
e) Also by virtue of Section 31 of the said Act, the age limit of a child entitled to free and compulsory education stands enhanced from 14 to 18 years.
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g) Further highlighting as to how the writ petitioners stands discriminated, our attention is invited to the notification dated 23rdAugust, 2010, 29thJuly, 2011 that of the NCTE, wherein for admission up to class VIII, the eligibility criteria prescribed is graduation of one year B.Ed (Special Education). This, however, as we notice is subject to the successful candidate, after appointment acquiring a special programme in elementary education for a period of six months from an NCTE recognised institute.
h) However, the criteria prescribed under the rehabilitation Act is more stringent and higher than that of the Education Act and as such each one of the writ petitioners being specially trained, having acquired education in a specific trait of higher quality, in any event, fulfills the eligibility criteria of Bachelor of Education, so prescribed by the NCTE.
i) On 11.07.2018, the State Government has notified formation of the Equivalence Committee for certification of equivalence of different academic degrees.
j) Now in the 47thmeeting of the General Body of the NCTE amendment stands proposed making B.Ed with pedagogy two school subjects as the eligibility criteria.
k) In support, learned counsel has also referred to and relied upon the decision rendered by the Apex Court in
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Justice Sunanda Bhandare Foundation Vs. Union of India & Anr., reported in (2017) 14 SCC 1, as also order dated 16.09.2009 passed by the High Court of Delhi in WP(C)6771/2008 titled as Social Jurist, A Civil Rights Group Vs. Govt. of NCT of Delhi & Anr.
l) Lastly, it is submitted that in any event, the Directorate of Elementary Education, Government of Tripura has issued an Office Order dated 04.12.2018, informing that now it would be permissible for in service eligible candidates to acquire B.Ed Degree (ODL model) from ICFAI University, Tripura which is conducting the said course for two year duration w.e.f. the academic year 2018-19 and as such, each one of the writ petitioners can now, while continuing to service, fulfill the eligibility criteria.
14. Opposing the petition, with vehemence, learned Advocate General contends that petitioners have not made out any case for quashing the rules prescribing the eligibility criteria.
15. Sri. TD Majumdar, learned counsel appearing for the Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI), respondent No.5 states that no relief is claimed against his clients, but however, supports the writ petitioners for the reason that they are having higher qualification as prescribed under the Rehabilitation Act, and it is only the writ petitioners who alone can impart education to the disabled persons as specified under the Rehabilitation Act which none else can do for it is an offence otherwise to do so.
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16. Sri Sinha, learned counsel appearing for the National Council for Teacher Education-respondent No.4 contents that the RCI has taken a diametrically opposite stand by filing two affidavits. In WP(C)520/2017 titled as Sangita Das Vs. State of Tripura & Ors., the stand taken by the Council is that all the petitioners are ineligible and in the instant case, the stand taken is that the petitioners are fully eligible and as such are competent to teach the children.
17. It is further contended that there is reason and logic in fixing the criteria by the Council, inasmuch for imparting education to higher classes, i.e. class IX - XII higher educational qualification is required and it is with this object and purpose, the Council right from the very beginning has prescribed the criteria of acquiring a degree in B.Ed course.
18. In the instant case, the question of equivalence does not arise at all as is evidently clear from the notification dated 12.11.2014 for such question would arise only in those cases where the eligibility criteria is prescribed for lower classes.
19. Responding to another submission, made by Mr. Bhowmik, learned counsel for the petitioner, Sri Sinha contends that any incorrect information furnished by an officer under the RTI Act cannot be used as a plea of estoppel against his client, for in this regard, rules and notifications are abundantly clear. When it comes to the eligibility criteria, needless to add, State is duty bound to adhere to such criteria by virtue of Article 254 of the Constitution of India.
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20. Mr. N Choudhury, learned GA submits that under the provisions of the RTE Act, State is duty bound to follow the criteria prescribed by the authorized authority, i.e. the NCTE and that the action of the State is totally in consonance with the provisions of law.
21. Before us, it is not in dispute that facts with regard to the eligibility criteria required for filling up of the post of Senior Secondary Teachers is Masters Degree. That being the only difference, all other facts are similar and as such not referred to separately for the issue involved is same and similar.
22. Let us first examine the intent, purpose and scope of the relevant statutes referred to by the learned counsel for the petitioners.
23. The Education Act was enacted for the purpose of providing free and compulsory education to all children of relevant age with the insertion of Article 21 A in the Constitution of India with the passing of the 68thamendment Act, 2002. The Act defines who is a child with disability and for the purposes of the instant petition it is not in dispute that by virtue of sub- section (ee) of Section 2 it would include a child with disability as defined under the provisions of the Disability Act.
24. Sub-section (f) of the said Section also defines the elementary education to mean education from 1stto 8thclass. We notice that the said Act is divided into VII chapters and Chapter I (Section 1 & 2) deals with the definition clause, which we have already dealt with; Chapter II (Section 3 to 5) deals with the
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rights of children for free and compulsory education; Chapter III (Section 6 to 11) deals with the duties of appropriate government, local authority and parents; Chapter IV (Section 12 to 28) deals with the responsibility of schools and teachers; Chapter V (Section 29 & 30) deals with the curriculum and completion of elementary education; Chapter VI (Section 31 to
34) deals with the protection of right of children; and Chapter VII (Section 35 to 39) deals with miscellaneous provisions.
25. Section 2 of Chapter I defines as to who is a child with disability. Child with disability under sub-section (ee) of Section 2 would include a child with disability as defined under the provisions of the Disability Act.
26. For the purposes of the instant petition we are concerned only with Section 23 of Chapter IV. The said section reads as under:
"23. Qualifications for appointment and terms and conditions of service of teachers.—(1) Any person possessing such minimum qualifications, as laid down by an academic authority, authorised by the Central Government, by notification, shall be eligible for appointment as a teacher. (2) Where a State does not have adequate institutions offering courses or training in teacher education, or teachers possessing minimum qualifications as laid down under sub-section (1) are not available in sufficient numbers, the Central Government may, if it deems necessary, by notification, relax the minimum qualifications required for appointment as a teacher, for such period, not exceeding five years, as may be specified in that notification: Provided that a teacher who, at the commencement of this Act, does not possess minimum qualifications as laid down under sub-section (1), shall acquire such minimum qualifications within a period of five years: 3 [Provided further that every teacher appointed or in position as on the 31st March, 2015, who does not possess minimum qualifications as laid down under sub-section (1), shall acquire such minimum qualifications within a period of four years from the date of commencement of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (Amendment) Act, 2017 (24 of 2017).] (3) The salary and allowances payable to, and the terms and conditions of service of, teachers shall be such as may be prescribed."
(emphasis supplied)
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27. Significantly, not everyone and anyone is eligible and entitled to impart education to a child defined under the said Act. This Act does not define as to who can be and is a teacher. Nor does it prescribe any eligibility criteria. Though it prescribes the pupil teacher ratio and the manner in which the schools are required to be managed through committees and formation of school development plan. The Act also by virtue of Section 26 provides that the appropriate government and the local authorities are under an obligation to ensure that under no circumstances vacancy of the teacher in a school exceeds by 10% of the total sanctioned strength.
28. The Central Government by virtue of its power under Section 23 has notified NCTE as the authority to prescribe the eligibility criteria for appointment of a teacher. The criteria so prescribed is similar to the one prescribed by the State in the rules, subject matter of challenge in the present petition. To put it conversely, the rules stand framed only to meet the requirement of eligibility so prescribed by the said authority.
29. Coming to the provisions of the Disabilities Act, one notices that originally the central government had notified the Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection and Full Participation) Act, 1995 which stood subsequently repealed in terms of the Disability Act. When the latter was notified on 27th December,2016, the legislators in their wisdom specified the object and purposes for enacting the said legislation and some of them being (i) respect for inherent dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make one"s own choices, and
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independence of persons; (ii) full and effective participation and inclusion in society; (iii) equality of opportunity; and (iv) respect for the evolving capacities of children with disabilities and respect for the right of children with disabilities to preserve their identities. This was so done in view of the national commitment made at the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
30. We notice that the Disability Act is divided into XVII chapters. Chapter I (Section 1 & 2) deals with the definition clause. It defines who is a person with disability (Section 2(s)), local authority (Section 2(p)) and inclusive education (Section 2(m)). Since much emphasis is laid, we reproduce as to how local authority is defined. It reads as under:
"2(p) "local authority" means a Municipality or a Panchayat, as defined in clause (e) and clause (f) of article 243P of the Constitution; a Cantonment Board constituted under the Cantonments Act, 2006 (41 of 2006); and any other authority established under an Act of Parliament or a State Legislature to administer the civic affairs"
31. Chapter III casts a duty upon the appropriate government and local authorities for endeavouring that all educational institutions funded or recognised by them provide inclusive education to the children with disabilities and more specifically, (a) with regard to admission without discrimination;
(b) make accessible all facilities in the campus; and (c) provide necessary support in making the environment conducive for maximizing academic and social development consistent with the goal of full inclusion.
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32. By virtue of Section 17 there is an obligation to establish adequate number of teacher training institutions for training professionals and deploying fully trained teachers. In fact, education is stated to be a continuing process. Section 20 of the said Chapter does deal with non discrimination in employment but then this is with regard with persons with disability.
33. Section 31 of Chapter VI provides for free education for children with benchmark disabilities. It reads as under:
"31. Free education for children with benchmark disabilities. -
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rights of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (35 of 2009), every child with benchmark disability between the age of six to eighteen years shall have the right to free education in a neighbourhood school, or in a special school, of his choice.
(2) The appropriate Government and local authorities shall ensure that every child with benchmark disability has access to free education in an appropriate environment till he attains the age of eighteen years."
34. The Rehabilitation Act was enacted to provide for regulating the monitoring of training of rehabilitation professionals and personnel, promoting research in rehabilitation and special education and also maintenance of Central Rehabilitation Register and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The said Act is divided into three chapters. Chapter II deals with the constitution and incorporation of Rehabilitation Council. Chapter III deals with the functions to be discharged by the Council. Since much emphasis is laid on the provisions of this Statute, we reproduce the relevant Section as under:
"13. Rights of persons possessing qualifications included in the Schedule to be enrolled.-
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Subject to the other provisions contained in this Act, any qualification included in the Schedule shall be sufficient qualification for enrolment on the Register. (2) No person, other than the rehabilitation professional who possesses a recognised rehabilitation qualification and is enrolled on the Register,— (a) shall hold office as rehabilitation professional or any such office (by whatever designation called) in Government or in any institution maintained by a local or other authority; (b) shall practice as rehabilitation professional anywhere in India;
(c) shall be entitled to sign or authenticate any certificate required by any law to be signed or authenticated by a rehabilitation professional; (d) shall be entitled to give any evidence in any court as an expert under section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872) on any matter relating to the handicapped: Provided that if a person possesses the recognised rehabilitation professional qualifications on the date of commencement of this Act, he shall be deemed to be an enrolled rehabilitation professional for a period of six months from such commencement, and if he has made an application for enrolment on the Register within said period of six months, till such application is disposed of. 1 [(2A) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (2), any person being a doctor or a paramedic in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopaedics, ear, nose or throat (ENT), ophthalmology or psychiatry, employed or working in any hospital or establishment owned or controlled by the Central Government or a State Government or any other body funded by the Central or a State Government and notified by the Central Government, may discharge the functions referred to in clauses (a) to (d) of that sub-section.] (3) Any person who acts in contravention of any provision of sub-section (2) shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.
35. The relevance of the statute being the MoU signed between the NCTE (the authority notified under Section 23 of the Education Act) and the Council incorporated under the Rehabilitation Act. Otherwise, at this juncture we may only clarify that the provisions of the statute have no relevancy to the issue with which we are concerned.
36. We notice that none of the aforesaid Acts deal with the rights of the employees of the State or the teachers who are to impart education to children covered under any one of the statutes. The intent, purpose and scope of all the statutes is to meet the constitutional goal necessary for nation building. Children up to a particular age, whether fully abled or not, must be imparted education through specially qualified teachers. The Central Government, as we notice has already appointed a
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centralized specialized authority for prescribing the criteria of eligibility and the State Government only in pursuit of such obligation and requirement of law has brought in necessary state legislation prescribing the eligibility criteria for its employees, meant to impart education to the children.
37. Simply because the petitioners fulfill the eligibility criteria required under the Disability Act or for that matter the Rehabilitation Act, ipso facto would not make the rules to be in any manner arbitrary. The children to whom the petitioners are imparting education in all the schools of Tripura, these are not special schools meant for special children. It could not be shown as to how the criteria prescribed under the Education Act are ultra vires to any one of the provisions of the Disability Act or Rehabilitation Act. We notice that the criterion of graduation of one year B.Ed (Special Education) was prescribed by the NCTE is only up to Class-VIII. This, in our considered view, would not make the criteria prescribed for the higher classes to be discriminatory, for the focus in the said classes has to be on studies as by this time the cast of the child"s body and mind already stands laid.
38. We have ourselves researched, minutely examined and found several decisions of the Apex Court, explaining as to what really is the meaning of "equality before law", what are the grounds on which a legislation, primary or delegated, can be assailed; what are the constraints of the Court in holding the same to be ultra vires and what is the approach which the Court must adopt in examining its constitutional validity.
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39. To our mind, principle stands best culled out by the Apex Court in Subramaniam Swamy v. Director, Central Bureau of Investigation and another, (2014) 8 SCC 682 (five-Judge Bench) and Shayra Bano v. Union of India,
40. Lest we mis-read the same, we deem it appropriate to reproduce the relevant portion of what the Apex Court observed in Subramaniam (supra):
"41. In Ram Krishna Dalmia v Justice SR Tendolkar & Ors, 1959 SCR 279, the Constitution Bench of five Judges further culled out the following principles enunciated in the above cases:
"11. … (a) that a law may be constitutional even though it relates to a single individual if, on account of some special circumstances or reasons applicable to him and not applicable to others, that single individual may be treated as a class by himself;
(b) that there is always a presumption in favour of the constitutionality of an enactment and the burden is upon him who attacks it to show that there has been a clear transgression of the constitutional principles;
(c) that it must be presumed that the legislature understands and correctly appreciates the need of its own people, that its laws are directed to problems made manifest by experience and that its discriminations are based on adequate grounds;
(d) that the legislature is free to recognize degrees of harm and may confine its restrictions to those cases where the need is deemed to be the clearest;
(e) that in order to sustain the presumption of constitutionality the court may take into consideration matters of common knowledge, matters of common report, the history of the times and may assume every state of facts which can be conceived existing at the time of legislation; and
(f) that while good faith and knowledge of the existing conditions on the part of a legislature are to be presumed, if there is nothing on the face of the law or the surrounding circumstances brought to the notice of the court on which the classification may reasonably be regarded as based, the presumption of constitutionality cannot be carried to the extent of always holding that there must be some undisclosed and unknown reasons for subjecting certain individuals or corporations to hostile or discriminating legislation." Further:
"43. ………………
"12. ……. In determining the validity or otherwise of such a statute the court has to examine whether such classification is or can be reasonably regarded as based upon some differentia which distinguishes such
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persons or things grouped together from those left out of the group and whether such differentia has a reasonable relation to the object sought to be achieved by the statute, no matter whether the provisions of the statute are intended to apply only to a particular person or thing or only to a certain class of persons or things. Where the court finds that the classification satisfies the tests, the court will uphold the validity of the law.
(ii) A statute may direct its provisions against one individual person or thing or to several individual persons or things but no reasonable basis of classification may appear on the face of it or be deducible from the surrounding circumstances, or matters of common knowledge. In such a case the court will strike down the law as an instance of naked discrimination."
44. In Nagpur Improvement Trust and Anr. v Vithal Rao and Ors, (1973) 1 SCC 500, the five-Judge Constitution Bench had an occasion to consider the test of reasonableness under Article 14 of the Constitution. It noted that the State can make a reasonable classification for the purpose of legislation and that the classification in order to be reasonable must satisfy two tests: (i) the classification must be founded on intelligible differentia and (ii) the differentia must have a rational relation with the object sought to be achieved by the legislation in question. The Court emphasized that in this regard object itself should be lawful and it cannot be discriminatory. If the object is to discriminate against one section of the minority, the discrimination cannot be justified on the ground that there is a reasonable classification because it has rational relation to the object sought to be achieved.
45. The constitutionality of Special Courts Bill, 1978 came up for consideration in Special Courts Bill, 1978, In Re: President of India v. The Special Courts Bill, 1978, (1979) 1 SCC 380 as the President of India made a reference to this Court under Article 143(1) of the Constitution for consideration of the question whether the "Special Courts Bill" or any of its provisions, if enacted would be constitutionally invalid. The seven Judge Constitution Bench dealt with the scope of Article 14 of the Constitution. Noticing the earlier decisions of this Court in Budhan Choudhry v. State Of Bihar ., AIR 1955 SC 191, Ram Krishna Dalmia v. S.R. Tendolkar, AIR 1958 SC 538, CI Emden v State of U.P., 1960 2 SCR 592, Kangsari Haldar & Anr v State of West Bengal, 1960 2 SCR 646, Jyoti Pershad v. UT of Delhi, AIR 1961 SC 457 and State of Gujarat & Anr. v Shri Ambica Mills Ltd, Ahmedabad & Anr, (1974) 3 SCR 760, in the majority judgment the then Chief Justice Y.V. Chandrachud, inter alia, exposited the following propositions relating to Article 14:
"(1) * * *
(2) The State, in the exercise of its governmental power, has of necessity to make laws operating differently on different groups or classes of persons within its territory to attain particular ends in giving effect to its policies, and it must possess for that purpose large powers of distinguishing and classifying persons or things to be subjected to such laws.
(3) * * *
(4) * * *
(5) By the process of classification, the State has the power of determining who should be regarded as a class for purposes of legislation and in relation to a law enacted on a particular subject. This power, no doubt, in some degree is likely to produce some inequality; but if a law deals with theliberties of a number of well- defined classes, it is not open to the charge of denial of equal protection on the ground that it has no application to other persons. Classification thus means segregation in
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classes which have a systematic relation, usually found in common properties and characteristics. It postulates a rational basis and does not mean herding together of certain persons and classes arbitrarily.
(6) The law can make and set apart the classes according to the needs and exigencies of the society and as suggested by experience. It can recognise even degree of evil, but the classification should never be arbitrary, artificial or evasive.
(7) The classification must not be arbitrary but must be rational, that is to say, it must not only be based on some qualities or characteristics which are to be found in all the persons grouped together and not in others who are left out but those qualities or characteristics must have a reasonable relation to the object of the legislation. In order to pass the test, two conditions must be fulfilled, namely, (1) that the classification must be founded on an intelligible differentia which distinguishes those that are grouped together from others and (2) that that differentia must have a rational relation to the object sought to be achieved by the Act."
41. What is "arbitrary" also stands explained by the Apex Court in Mrs. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India & another, (1978) 1 SCC 248, where it held that:
"7. Now, the question immediately arises as to what is the requirement of Article 14 : what is the content and reach of the great equalising principle enunciated in this article ? There can be no doubt that it is a founding faith of the Constitution. It is indeed the pillar on which rests securely the foundation of our democratic republic. And, therefore, it must not be subjected to a narrow, pedantic or lexicographic approach. No attempt should be made to truncate its all embracing scope and meaning for, to do so would be to violate its activist magnitude. Equality is a dynamic concept with many aspects and dimensions and it cannot be imprisoned within traditional and doctrinaire limits. We must reiterate here what was pointed out by the majority in E. P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu & Another,1974 2 SCR 348 namely, that "from a positivistic point of view, equality is antithetic to arbitrariness. In fact equality and arbitrariness are sworn enemies; one belongs to the rule of law in a republic, while the other, to the whim and caprice of an absolute monarch. Where an act is arbitrary, it is implicit in it that it is unequal both according to political logic and constitutional law and is therefore violative of Article 14". …….."
(Emphasis supplied)
42. A Constitution Bench of the Apex Court in State of Gujarat v. Mirzapur Moti Kureshi Kassab Jamat & others, (2005) 8 SCC 534 (seven-Judge Bench), held:
"40. In State of Kerala v. N. M. Thomas, (1976) 2 SCC 310, also a seven-Judge bench of this Court culled out and summarized the ratio of this Court in Kesavananda bharati. Fazal Ali, J. extracted and set out the relevant extract from the opinion of several Judges in Kesavananda Bharati and then opined:
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"164. In view of the principles adumbrated by this court it is clear that the directive principles form the fundamental feature and the social conscience of the Constitution and the Constitution enjoins upon the State to implement these directive principles. The directives thus provide the policy, the guidelines and the end of socio-economic freedom and Articles 14 and 16 are the means to implement the policy to achieve the ends sought to be promoted by the directive principles. So far as the courts are concerned where there is no apparent inconsistency between the directive principles contained in Part IV and the fundamental rights mentioned in Part III, which in fact supplement each other, there is no difficulty in putting a harmonious construction which advances the object of the Constitution. Once this basic fact is keptin mind, the interpretation of Articles 14 and 16 and their scope and ambit become as clear as day."
41. … A restriction placed on any Fundamental right, aimed at securing Directive Principles will be held as reasonable and hence intra vires subject to two limitations: first, that it does not run in clear conflict with the fundamental right, and secondly that it has been enacted within the legislative competence of the enacting legislature under Part xi Chapter I of the Constitution."
(Emphasis supplied)
43. In Shayra Bano (supra), the Apex Court held:
"87. The thread of reasonableness runs through the entire fundamental rights Chapter. What is manifestly arbitrary is obviously unreasonable and being contrary to the rule of law, would violate Article 14. Further, there is an apparent contradiction in the three Judges' Bench decision in State of A.P. v. McDowell and Co., (1996) 3 SCC 709, when it is said that a constitutional challenge can succeed on the ground that a law is "disproportionate, excessive or unreasonable", yet such challenge would fail on the very ground of the law being
"unreasonable, unnecessary or unwarranted". The arbitrariness doctrine when applied to legislation obviously would not involve the latter challenge but would only involve a law being disproportionate, excessive or otherwise being manifestly unreasonable. All the aforesaid grounds, therefore, do not seek to differentiate between State action in its various forms, all of which are interdicted if they fall foul of the fundamental rights guaranteed to persons and citizens in Part III of the Constitution."
"99. However, in State Of Bihar v. Bihar Distillery Ltd., (1997) 2 SCC 453 at paragraph 22, in State of M.P. v. Rakesh Kohli, (2012) 6 SCC 312 at paragraphs 17 to 19, in Rajbala v. State of Haryana & Ors., (2016) 2 SCC 445 at paragraphs 53 to 65 and Binoy Viswam v. Union of India, (2017) 7 SCC 59 at paragraphs 80 to 82, McDowell (supra) was read as being an absolute bar to the use of "arbitrariness" as a tool to strike down legislation under Article 14. As has been noted by us earlier in this judgment, Mcdowell (supra) itself is per incuriam, not having noticed several judgments of Benches of equal or higher strength, its reasoning even otherwise being flawed. The judgments, following McDowell (supra) are, therefore, no longer good law."
100. …………..
44. Also, in Sharma Transport v. Govt. Of A.P.. [(2002) 2 SCC 188], this Court held: (SCCpp. 203-04, para 25) "25. … The tests of arbitrary action applicable to executive action do not necessarily apply to delegated legislation. In order to strike down a delegated legislation as arbitrary it has to be established that there is manifest
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arbitrariness. In order to be described as arbitrary, it must be shown that it was not reasonable and manifestly arbitrary. The expression "arbitrarily" means:
in an unreasonable manner, as fixed or done capriciously or at pleasure, without adequate determining principle, not founded in the nature of things, non-rational, not done or acting according to reason or judgment, depending on the will alone." (at pages 736-737)
101. It will be noticed that a Constitution Bench of this Court in Indian Express Newspapers v. Union of India, (1985) 1 SCC 641, stated that it was settled law that subordinate legislation can be challenged on any of the grounds available for challenge against plenary legislation. This being the case, there is no rational distinction between the two types of legislation when it comes to this ground of challenge under Article 14. The test of manifest arbitrariness, therefore, as laid down in the aforesaid judgments would apply to invalidate legislation as well as subordinate legislation under Article 14. Manifest arbitrariness, therefore, must be something done by the legislature capriciously, irrationally and/or without adequate determining principle. Also, when something is done which is excessive and disproportionate, such 391 legislation would be manifestly arbitrary. We are, therefore, of the view that arbitrariness in the sense of manifest arbitrariness as pointed out by us above would apply to negate legislation as well under Article 14." (Emphasis supplied)
44. Article 14 is not meant to perpetuate illegality or fraud. It has a positive concept. Equality is a trite, which cannot be claimed in illegality and therefore, cannot be enforced by a citizen or Court in a negative manner. [Fuljit Kaur v. State of Punjab and others, (2010) 11 SCC 455)].
45. The directions contained in Justice Sunanda Bhandare Foundation (supra) are only for proper implementation of the provisions of the Education Act. Whether the State Government, of its own gave appointment to certain persons/petitioners is for the State to see, for there cannot be any illegal appointment. But petitioners were put to notice of the pendency of the present petition and that such appointment was subject to the outcome of the same.
46. Before us, it is not disputed that otherwise the writ petitioners did not fulfill the eligibility criteria inasmuch as they
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did not have a degree of Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) from an institute recognised by the NCTE. Simply because now one such course stands introduced by a private university in Tripura and the petitioners can undertake and acquire such degree in the next two years would not confer any right to be continued in employment, for what is required to be seen is as to whether an employee was eligible as on the date on which the application for filling up of the posts stood invited.
47. We are in agreement with the submission made by Sri Sinha, learned counsel appearing for the NCTE, that in the court, RCI has taken a diametrically opposite stand. In our considered view, degree of B.Ed is required. In fact, it is a must for that alone would enhance the standard of education in schools. It may be true that the petitioners may have acquired education/training in a specialized field, i.e. how to deal with children with disability, but then that itself would not help in achieving the aims and objects prescribed under the Education Act.
48. We are in agreement with Sri Sinha, that mere incorrect information with regard to the prescription of eligibility criteria, so forwarded under RTI, would not confer any right on the writ petitioners for being engaged as teachers. They are educated, they applied with open eyes, knowing fully well the eligibility criteria: then how can they base this case on information forwarded which is ex-facie incorrect.
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49. Notification dated 27thMay, 2017 clarified that the Government of Tripura was desirous of selecting candidates for the post of Graduate teachers for class IX and X under the Secondary Education Directorate. It made clear the minimum essential qualification in the following terms:
"Essential Minimum Qualification:
(a) Graduate/Post Graduate for recognized University with at least 50% marks in either Graduation or Post Graduation (or its equivalent) and Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) from national Council for Teacher Education recognised institution.
OR
(b) Graduate/Post Graduate from recognized University with at least 45% marks in either Graduation or Post Graduation (or its equivalent) and Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) from national Council for Teacher Education recognised institution {in accordance with the National Council for Teacher Education (Form of application for recognition, the time limit for submission of application, determination of norms and standards for recognition of teacher education programmes and permission to start new course or training) Regulations, 2002 notified on 13.11.2002 and National Council for Teacher Education (Recognition Norms and Procedure) Regulations, 2007 notified on 10.12.2007.}
OR
(c) 4-years degree of B.A.Ed/B.Sc.Ed from national Council for Teacher Education recognised institution.
N.B.: Relaxation up to 5% in the qualifying marks will be allowed to the candidates belonging to SC/ST/PH Category." (emphasis supplied)
50. Significantly, the area of selections stand extended to such of those persons who have acquired higher qualification but what is important is that all the candidates must have had some formal education in the field of education. Even under the provision of equivalence so stipulated therein, petitioners"
education fulfilling the eligibility criteria does not match with that of the criteria required under the Education Act.
51. We notice that even in their notification dated 29th July, 2011 so issued by the NCTE prescribing the qualification for
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class-I to VIII, such of those persons who have acquired their degree in B.Ed (Special Education) are required to undergo special programme from an NCTE recognised institute in elementary education for a period of six months.
52. Before us, NCTE has filed an affidavit categorically stating that B.Ed (Special Education) is not an eligibility criterion for appointment of a teacher in Senior and Senior Secondary classes. Further, Rehabilitation Council has been taking a contradictory stand which fact is evident from para 14 of the affidavit, which reads as under:
"14. That with reference to the statements made in para 18 & 19 of the writ petition, the answering deponent begs to state that taking reference to the earlier RTI reply dated 1-4-2017 given by the Public Information Officer (PIO), NCTE, Regional Office, Bhubaneswar, it was wrongly answered to the query no. 1 by replying that "the B.Ed. degree approved either by NCTE and RCI is considered to be equivalent to each other" (Annexure-11 of the writ petition). The same was subsequently clarified by a letter dated 6-11-2017 issued by the Under Secretary (Legal), NCTE, Head Office, New Delhi, to the Regional Director, Eastern Regional Committee that ".......the NCTE notification dated 23-8- 2010, 29-7-2011 & 12-11-2014 does not speak about the equivalency of B.Ed. with B.Ed.(Special Education) to teach classes IX-X & XI-XII". Moreover, the answer deponent further begs to state that the Rehabilitation council of India (RCI) in WP(C) NO. 520/2017 being respondent No.4 specifically admitted the fact in the counter affidavit in para 5 that B.Ed. Spl Education is not an eligible qualification for PGT and GT. Copy of the letter dated 6-11-2017 issued by
the Under Secretary (Legal), NCTE, to the
Regional Director, Eastern Regional
Committee, is annexed herewith as
Annexure-B."
53. Simply because certain States, on the basis of equivalence, have held B.Ed (Special Education) equivalent to that of B.Ed. degree in General Education, would not confer any right upon the petitioners. Nor would the decision of the NCTE to consider the same with future effect confer any right for what is to be seen is the eligibility of the candidates as on the date when the advertisement was issued.
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54. There is yet another reason for not interfering in the present petition and that being the petitioners having participated in the selection process, whereafter only, upon being selected, they filed the instant petitions.
55. This Court in Tanmay Nath & Ors. Vs. State of Tripura & Ors., reported in (2014) 2 TLR 731 has already deprecated the practice of giving employment to ineligible candidates. Perhaps, it is pursuant to the directions issued in the said decision that the State, with caution, decided to fill up the posts in accordance with the rules and this Court cannot take any decision contrary to the settled principles of law, only to appease the writ petitioners, more so, only on the ground that they have been working for some time. Well this they have been doing at their own peril.
56. We reiterate that mere higher qualification would not be a reason to allow the petitioners to continue for the same is with a different object and purpose not sought to be achieved in terms of the present legislation.
57. Further, what is required to be seen are the conditions prescribed at the time of issuance of the advertisement and not the subsequent decision, if any, taken by the government, modifying the conditions which the petitioners fulfill. Well that is for future and not for the past.
58. The decision in Social Jurist (supra) is also of no consequence for it only highlights the need for taking all
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measures ensuring full education, in a holistic manner, of all children.
59. Having observed thus, the present writ petitions being devoid of merit, stand dismissed.
60. Interim order, if any, stands vacated.
(ARINDAM LODH), J (SANJAY KAROL), CJ.
lodh
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