S.B Sinha, J.— Leave granted.
2. Interpretation of G.O (P) No. 88/2000.TD dated 2-6-2000 providing for waiver of interest up to 75% on the defaulted amount of revenue due in terms of the Kerala Abkari Shops (Disposal in Auction) Rules, 1974 (the Rules) is the question involved herein.
3. The first respondent was a licensee under the Abkari Act for the period 1-4-1993 to 31-3-1994. They conducted business for the period 1-4-1993 to 12-8-1993 only, as their licence was cancelled by an order dated 13-8-1993. There was a dispute between the parties in regard to the actual amount payable as excise duty for the said period. According to Revenue, an amount of Rs 86,40,000 was payable. The respondent, admittedly, had paid an amount of Rs 40,18,934.
4. In terms of the Rules, upon cancellation of the licence, the shop in question came under the management of the Department. During the period 31-8-1993 to 31-3-1994 the Department had collected a total sum of Rs 31,49,288 towards abkari dues. On the premise that the said amount should be adjusted from the total liability of the first respondent, a dispute arose between the parties herein as no credit was given in respect of the said amount of Rs 31,49,288. A writ petition was filed by the first respondent which was allowed by a judgment and order dated 11-8-2000 whereby and whereunder it was directed that the amount collected would be adjusted towards liability due from the respondents. The question, however, which arose for consideration was as to whether till the entire amount was adjusted, the first respondent was liable to pay any interest thereupon or not.
5. By reason of the Government Order dated 2-6-2000 the State of Kerala granted time to the defaulters to deposit the due amount of duty only with interest of 25%, wherefor Rule 25-A was introduced in the Rules. The first respondent sought the benefit of the said government order which was denied to him on the premise that he had not complied with the conditions precedent therefor.
6. By reason of an order dated 14-12-2001 the representation of the respondents was rejected by the Excise Commissioner. They were directed to deposit an amount of Rs 83,26,344 with future interest at the rate of 18% per annum on a sum of Rs 41,16,841 w.e.f 8-12-2001. A revenue recovery notice was issued for recovery of the said sum from the respondents on or about 4-4-2002. Aggrieved by and dissatisfied therewith, the respondents filed a writ petition before the High Court on 23-4-2002 questioning the validity of the said notice dated 4-4-2002.
7. By reason of a judgment and order dated 6-10-2005 a learned Single Judge allowed the said writ petition, directing:
“In view of the above, the original petition is disposed of directing the first respondent to grant amnesty benefits to the petitioners on the following terms and conditions:
(i) The Commissioner will work out the liability by reducing 75% of the interest payable up to 31-3-1997 being waiver available under the amnesty scheme and demand balance amount with 25% interest without charging further interest from 1-4-1997 to 31-8-2000.
(ii) Since the petitioners have not made payment as on 31-8-2000 on account of pendency of the original petition, the petitioners will on this amount pay statutory rate of interest up to the date of payment i.e from 1-9-2000 to the actual date of payment.
(iii) The petitioners are granted time till 31-12-2005 to clear the arrears with interest in two equal instalments, first of which will be paid on or before 30-11-2005 and the balance on or before 31-12-2005.
(iv) If payments are not made as above the benefit of amnesty scheme granted to the petitioners with modifications as above will stand forfeited and the respondents are free to proceed to recover the entire arrears.
(v) The Commissioner will give a statement as above within two weeks from the date of production of a copy of this judgment for petitioners to make payments and settle liability.”
8. An intra-court appeal preferred thereagainst by the appellant herein, marked as Writ Appeal No. 153 of 2006, has been dismissed by a Division Bench of the said High Court stating that no ground was made out for interference with the directions issued by the learned Single Judge.
9. Mr G. Prakash, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant, in support of the appeal, inter alia, would submit that the High Court committed a serious error in passing the impugned judgment insofar as it failed to take into consideration that exemption from payment of interest could be directed only in the event the entire amount was paid in terms of the notification by 2-6-2000 and in view of the fact that the first respondent failed to deposit the said amount by the said date, the impugned judgment cannot be sustained.
10. Mr Rao, learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents, on the other hand, would support the judgment.
11. The sole question which, thus, arises for our consideration in this appeal is the application of Rule 25-A of the Kerala Abkari Shops (Disposal in Auction) Amendment Rules, 2000. It reads thus:
“25-A. Reduction of interest in certain cases.—(i) Notwithstanding anything contained in this rule or any other rules made under Abkari Act 1 of 1077 or in any judgment, decree or order of any court, the persons who are in arrears to pay rentals, taxes, duties or other amount under these Rules as on 31-3-1997 shall be entitled to a reduction of 75% of the amount of interest accrued on such rentals, taxes, duties or other amounts as the case may be:
Provided that the entire arrears of rental, taxes, duties or other amounts with the reduced interest shall be paid on or before 31-8-2000:
Provided further that the maximum interest payable after allowing the reduction mentioned above shall be limited to 100% of the principal amount of rentals, duties or other amounts outstanding as arrears.
(ii) A defaulter who opts for payment of arrears under this rule shall make an application to the Assistant Excise Commissioner concerned in writing on or before 15-7-2000.
(iii) On receipt of the application the Assistant Excise Commissioner shall contact the Revenue Recovery Authority concerned in whose cases the amount has been recommended for realisation under the Revenue Recovery Act and shall calculate the quantum of the rentals, taxes, duties and other amounts and interest payable under the Rules as on the date of the application and the amount of interest payable after allowing the reduction of interest under this provision. After getting the amount thus calculated being remitted into the treasury the Assistant Excise Commissioner shall withdraw the revenue recovery requisition from the Revenue Authority. Assistant Excise Commissioners are authorised to get the money remitted in the treasury in this behalf. In those cases in which revenue recovery proceedings have not been initiated by the Assistant Excise Commissioner concerned, on receipt of application from the defaulters, the Assistant Commissioner shall quantify the amount as said above and to get it remitted.”
12. Rule 25-A, as inserted by reason of the aforementioned Notification dated 2-6-2000, contains a non obstante clause providing for a legal entitlement to the licensees. There cannot be any doubt whatsoever that such exemption is hedged by two conditions precedent as provided for in the provisos appended thereto, being: (1) the taxes, duties shall be paid with reduced interest on or before 31-8-2000; and (2) that the defaulter who opts for payment of arrears thereunder would make an application to the Assistant Excise Commissioner in writing on or before 15-7-2000.
13. The respondents herein admittedly filed a representation before the appellants on or about 12-9-2001. The same was, however, done on the premise that their right to get the aforementioned amount of Rs 31,49,288 adjusted was determined only in OP No. 7894 of 1994. It appears that during the pendency of the said writ petition, a sum of Rs 1,00,000 was also deposited. What was, therefore, urged in the aforementioned representation dated 12-9-2001 for grant of proportionate deduction is the kist as also interest thereupon. The first appellant, however, was of the opinion that the (sic time-limit for) waiver of interest as per the said scheme having already expired and the respondents having not filed any application before the said authority within the stipulated time, it was impermissible to grant the benefit of the said Rule to the respondent, stating:
“The petitioners had already executed permanent agreement as per Rule 5(15) of the Kerala Abkari Shops (Disposal in Auction) Rules, 1974 and agreed to remit the duty on monthly designated quantum of rectified spirit of 6400 litres per month @ Rs 25.73 per litre. Hence they are legally bound to pay the duty on designated quantum of rectified spirit. The above shops were placed under Department management due to the non-payment of kist in time and DM arrangements made at the risk of the original purchasers. The petitioners' prayer that DM amounts are to be accounted towards the arrears on the date of remittance made by the DM agent itself cannot be considered, since a decision in this regard is to be taken by the Excise Commissioner.
As per the DCE prepared after given credit the entire remittance made by the defaulters and the DM agent as stated by the petitioners including Rs 13,71,738 remitted before the Tahsildar, Thodupuzha on 7-12-2001 as directed by the Hon'ble High Court in OPs Nos. 10683 and 29173 of 2001 dated 8-11-2001 as such an amount of Rs 83,26,344 with future interest @ 18% on Rs 41,16,841 with effect from 8-12-2001. The petitioners are legally bound to pay the amount due to the Government as stated above.”
14. The total demand as against the respondents was calculated as under:
“dcb statement in respect of a.s
group no. II/93-94, ettumanoor range
Kist arrears 50,75,709 Duty on designated quantum 16,46,720 DN fee 2 Cost of establishment 4000 Interest on kist 4,03,352 Interest as quantum of rectified spirit 1,25,854 Interest on kist of establishment and penal interest 492 Principal Interest Total Total demand as on 1-4-1994 67,26,429 5,39,700 72,66,129 Deducted DM and duty of rectified spirit collected during DM period (2,42,910 + 7,19,372 − 31,49,288) 26,09,588 5,39,700 31,49,288 Balance 41,16,841 Nil 31,49,288 Interest up to 12/94 (9 months) 5,55,774 46,72,615 Remitted Rs 1,00,000 as per TR No. 2066/94 dated 31-12-1994 at Tahsildar, Thodupuzha 1,00,000 1,00,000 Interest from 1/95 to 1/01 (83 months) 4,55,774 45,72,615 Total as on 11/01 41,16,841 55,81,241 96,98,082 Remitted Rs 13,71,739 as per Receipt No. 21, Book No. 321 at Taluk Officer, Thodupuzha dated 7-12-2001 13,71,738 83,26,344
Assistant Excise Commissioner
Kottayam.”
15. It is not in dispute that during the period 1-4-1993 and 31-3-1994 the respondents paid a sum of Rs 41,16,841. A sum of Rs 31,49,288 was also realised by the State during the said period. The appellants, it would appear from the annexure appended to the order of the Excise Commissioner dated 14-12-2001 evidently did not adjust the said amount of Rs 31,49,288 from the total amount. It was done only after the judgment of the High Court. The said amount should have, in law, been adjusted as on 1-4-1994. As the matter was pending adjudication before the High Court, the respondents were unable to file any such application on or before 15-7-2000 for waiver of interest or pay any amount on or before 31-8-2000. The judgment of the High Court was passed only on 11-8-2000. In terms of the said judgment, the appellants were directed to inform the respondent as regards the outstanding liability. A fresh demand, therefore, was to be raised. The said order was not complied with. The said order was unsuccessfully challenged before the Division Bench. An SLP therefrom to this Court also failed.
16. If the benefit of the said notification could not be availed of by the respondents because of the pendency of the writ petition, in our opinion, the High Court cannot be said to have committed any jurisdictional error in passing the impugned judgment.
17. Lex non cogit ad impossibilia is a well-known maxim which means that nobody can be asked to do a thing which is impossible to be performed. Rule 25-A confers a right. How the said right is to be exercised is a matter of procedure. The procedural provisions are normally directory and not imperative. A substantial compliance with the procedural provisions ordinarily would subserve the purpose and object for which the same has been made.
18. A sum becomes due only when it is definite and only when a demand therefor is made. If no demand could legally be made from the respondents for the entire sum as they were entitled to adjustment of a sum of Rs 31,49,288, we do not see how even in equity, the appellants were entitled to ask for strict compliance with the said GOMs. A party to the lis, it is trite, cannot take advantage of his own wrong. If the State, in law, was liable to adjust the said amount of Rs 31,49,288, a valid demand could have been raised only in respect of the balance sum. The High Court was not concerned with the amount of interest as the sum was required to be calculated on the amount legally due and recoverable and not on the amount specified in the notice.
19. Strong reliance has been placed on a judgment of this Court in Solomon Antony v. State of Kerala (2001) 3 SCC 694. The said decision was rendered on the fact of the case. Therein the question which arose for consideration was as to whether the contractors were liable to pay the duty on import in relation to the unlifted portion of the designated quantum of rectified spirit as provided for in the Rules. The respondents did not disclaim their liability. They, in fact contended that the entire liability for the period between 1-4-1993 and 31-3-1994 should be taken into consideration but then for determining the actual liability the appellants were bound to give credit to each and every pie which was realised during the said period. The contention of the State, to our mind, is wholly unjust and unfair. If there was a default on the part of the respondents as a licensee, interest would be charged only for the period during which licence amount was not paid. Interest cannot be charged although no amount was due. Some amount might be due but not the entire amount on which interest is being claimed.
20. For the reasons aforementioned, there is no merit in the appeal. The appeal is dismissed with costs quantified at Rs 10,000 (Rupees ten thousand only).
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