1. The Commissioner of Income-tax (the 1st respondent) by the impugned order (Ext. P-3) held that the petitioner was not entitled in computing the capital gains, to deduct the expenditure incurred by him for the purpose of prosecuting to a civil court his claim for enhancement of the compensation. The Commissioner held that such expenditure was not incurred in connection with the transfer of a capital asset.
2. S. 45 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, defines capital gains as follows:
“(1) Any profits or gains arising from the transfer of a capital asset effected in the previous year shall, save as otherwise provided in Ss. 53, 54, 54-B, 54D and 54-E be chargeable to income-tax under the bead “Capital gains”, and shall be deemed to be the income of the previous year in which the transfer took place.”
3. ‘Transfer’ in relation to a capital asset includes compulsory acquisition thereof under any law (S. 2(47)). S. 48 reads:
“48. Mode of computation and deductions.
The income chargeable under the head ‘Capital gains’ shall be computed by deducting from the full value of the consideration received or accruing as a result of the transfer of the capital asset the following amounts, namely:—
(i) expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively in connection with such transfer;
4. In computing the capital gains, the expenditure incurred wholly and exclusively in connection with the transfer of the capital asset has to be deducted. The question is whether the expenditure incurred for the purpose of litigation pursuant to a reference under S. 20 of the Land Acquisition Act is an expenditure wholly and exclusively incurred in connection with the transfer of the capital asset.
5. The words “in connection with such transfer” mean intrinsically related to the transfer. Only such expenditure as is wholly and exclusively related in an intrinsic manner to the transfer is a deductible expenditure. Counsel for the respondents, Shri Ravindranatha Menon, however, contends that the expenditure, to come within the meaning of S. 48 of the I.T Act, should have been incurred prior to the transfer. Money spent in litigation for enhancement of compensation is money spent subsequent to the transfer. Such expenditure, counsel points out, is not incurred in connection with the transfer. He says, for example, brokerage paid or other expenditure incurred prior to the transfer would come within the scope of S. 48(1) of the Income-tax Act.
6. But if the expenditure was incurred subsequent to the transfer, S. 48(1) will have no application. In other words, what is important in terms of S. 48(1), according to counsel, is the time at which the expenditure was incurred.
7. In answer to this seemingly technical contention, Shri C.N Ramachandran, appearing for the petitioner, has brought to my notice the decision of the Court of Appeal in Johnson v. Johnson (1952) 1 All. E.R 250, where their Lordships accepted the meaning ascribed to the expression ‘in connection with’ by Mc Fariane, J. in Re Nanaimo Community Hotel, Ltd. : (1944) 4 D.L.R 638. ‘In connection with’ according to Me Fariane J. “include matters occurring prior to as well as subsequent to or consequent upon so long as they are related to the principal thing.” Shri Ramachandran, on the basis of that meaning, submits that any expenditure, whether incurred prior to or after the transfer, if it is intrinsically connected with the transfer has to be deducted, in computing the capital gains, from the full value of the consideration.
8. What is important to note is that the expenditure has to be connected with the transfer. The process of transfer by compulsory acquisition is completed only upon the determination of the compensation. If the amount awarded by the Collector is accepted by the owner without question, the proceedings come to an end. If, however, the owner challenges the award, the question disputed-namely, the amount payable—will have to be determined judicially. It is only upon a final determination of that question by the competent court do the acquisition proceedings come to an end: Raja Harish Chandra Raj Singh v. The Deputy Land Acquisition Officer (AIR 1961 S.C 1500 at 1503). Where a reference is made under S. 20 of the Land Acquisition Act the litigation which results therefrom is a proceeding intimately and intrinsically connected with the acquisition. All expenditure wholly and exclusively incurred in connection with such litigation is therefore an expenditure within the meaning of S. 48 of the I.T Act. For the purpose of this section, it is, in my view, immaterial that the expenditure was incurred subsequent to the award so long as it was incurred wholly and exclusively in connection with the compulsory acquisition.
9. The amounts in respect of which deduction is claimed by the petitioner are stated to be moneys spent in litigation arising from a reference under S. 20 of the L.A Act. This is a matter which has to be determined by the Commissioner.
10. Ext. P-3 is unsustainable insofar as the Commissioner held that the expenditure said to have been incurred as a result of a reference under S. 20 of L.A Act is not deductible under S. 48(1) of the Income-tax Act. It is accordingly quashed. The 1st respondent is directed to determine the nature of the amount and pass appropriate order in the light of what is stated above. The O.P is disposed of accordingly. No costs.
11. Allowed.
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