conversion-liability-under-restatement-(second)-of-torts- Case Commentaries

NYCHHC Employees Must Prove General Municipal Law § 50-k(4) Compliance Before Winning Notice-of-Claim Dismissal

Date: Jul 31, 2026

NYCHHC Employees Must Prove General Municipal Law § 50-k(4) Compliance Before Winning Notice-of-Claim Dismissal Introduction Williams v Biggs (2026 NY Slip Op 04791 [2d Dept July 29, 2026]) arises...

Reasoned Commercial-Corridor Zoning Exceptions for Cannabis Dispensaries Satisfy Town Law § 262 Uniformity; Preemption Challenges Are Academic Absent Entitlement

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Reasoned Commercial-Corridor Zoning Exceptions for Cannabis Disensaries Satisfy Town Law § 262 Uniformity; Preemption Challenges Are Academic Absent Entitlement 1. Introduction Matter of Tink & E....

Matter of Cela: Federal Marijuana Distribution Felony Warrants Three-Year Attorney Suspension Under “Serious Crime” Discipline Framework

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Matter of Cela: Federal Marijuana Distribution Felony Warrants Three-Year Attorney Suspension Under “Serious Crime” Discipline Framework 1. Introduction Matter of Cela (2026 NY Slip Op 04766) is an...

Termination for Failure to Provide a Return-to-Work Date Defeats NYSHRL/NYCHRL Pregnancy-Discrimination and Retaliation Claims on Summary Judgment

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Termination for Failure to Provide a Return-to-Work Date Defeats NYSHRL/NYCHRL Pregnancy-Discrimination and Retaliation Claims on Summary Judgment 1. Introduction In Leibowitz v New York County...

Labor Law Verdict Consistency: Industrial Code Violations Without Proximate Cause Stand When Negligence and Causation Are Not “Inextricably Interwoven”

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Labor Law Verdict Consistency: Industrial Code Violations Without Proximate Cause Stand When Negligence and Causation Are Not “Inextricably Interwoven” 1. Introduction Gomez v City of New York (2026...

Personal-Participation Pleading Required to Sue an LLC Managing Member; Conclusory Remediation Negligence and Negligent Hiring Claims Dismissed at CPLR 3211 Stage

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Personal-Participation Pleading Required to Sue an LLC Managing Member; Conclusory Remediation Negligence and Negligent Hiring Claims Dismissed at CPLR 3211 Stage Introduction In D & A Grandview, LLC...

State v. Trevizo: Three-Part Waiver Test for Third-Party Presence and a Narrow Mandatory-Reporting Exception to Physician-Patient Privilege

Date: Jul 31, 2026

State v. Trevizo: Three-Part Waiver Test for Third-Party Presence and a Narrow Mandatory-Reporting Exception to Physician-Patient Privilege 1. Introduction In State v. Trevizo (N.M. July 30, 2026),...

Disbarment Presumed When Felony Payroll-Tax Crime Arises from Law Practice and Client Funds Are Intentionally Misappropriated

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Disbarment Presumed When Felony Payroll-Tax Crime Arises from Law Practice and Client Funds Are Intentionally Misappropriated Introduction In In re Petition for Disciplinary Action against Kassius O....

Conspiracy to Commit First-Degree Controlled-Substance Sale Requires Intent as to Statutory Weight Threshold

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Conspiracy to Commit First-Degree Controlled-Substance Sale Requires Intent as to Statutory Weight Threshold Case: State of Minnesota v. Mohamed Abdulgani Ahmed (Minn. Sup. Ct. July 29, 2026) Author:...

Post-Termination Visitation Requires Best-Interests Findings Under Amended Rule 15(b)(2)(A), and Case-Plan “Compliance” Does Not Bar Termination Absent Real Parenting Change

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Post-Termination Visitation Requires Best-Interests Findings Under Amended Rule 15(b)(2)(A), and Case-Plan “Compliance” Does Not Bar Termination Absent Real Parenting Change 1. Introduction Case: In...

Confidentiality in Abuse-and-Neglect Cases Authorizes Limits on Public Disclosures; Disposition Is Not a Vehicle to Relitigate Adjudication (In re M.M.-1)

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Confidentiality in Abuse-and-Neglect Cases Authorizes Limits on Public Disclosures; Disposition Is Not a Vehicle to Relitigate Adjudication (In re M.M.-1) Introduction In In re M.M.-1 (W. Va. July...

Separation from an Abuser Alone Does Not Substantially Correct “Failure-to-Protect” Conditions Warranting Termination

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Separation from an Abuser Alone Does Not Substantially Correct “Failure-to-Protect” Conditions Warranting Termination Case: In re J.H., No. 25-545 (W. Va. Sup. Ct. App. July 28, 2026) (memorandum...

State v. Martinez: “Damage” Under Montana Criminal Mischief (§ 45-6-101(1)(a), MCA) Requires Proof of Damage Producing Pecuniary Loss; Ability-to-Pay Requires a Serious, Evidence-Based Inquiry

Date: Jul 31, 2026

State v. Martinez: “Damage” Under Montana Criminal Mischief (§ 45-6-101(1)(a), MCA) Requires Proof of Damage Producing Pecuniary Loss; Ability-to-Pay Requires a Serious, Evidence-Based Inquiry 1....

Abandonment as Aggravated Circumstance: Discretionary Denial of Improvement Period and Excusal of DHS Reunification Efforts

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Abandonment as Aggravated Circumstance: Discretionary Denial of Improvement Period and Excusal of DHS Reunification Efforts Case: In re D.C., No. 25-718 (W. Va. Sup. Ct. App. July 28, 2026)...

Missed Special-Needs Medical Care and Supervision Lapses as Neglect—and Termination—Despite Partial Improvement-Period Compliance

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Missed Special-Needs Medical Care and Supervision Lapses as Neglect—and Termination—Despite Partial Improvement-Period Compliance Introduction In re B.H. and R.H. (W. Va. Sup. Ct. App. July 28, 2026)...

Michigan’s New Cruel-or-Unusual-Punishment Framework for Pre-Aaron Felony Murder: Burden-Shifting Review of Mandatory LWOP and Parole-Eligibility Remedy

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Michigan’s New Cruel-or-Unusual-Punishment Framework for Pre-Aaron Felony Murder: Burden-Shifting Review of Mandatory LWOP and Parole-Eligibility Remedy I. Introduction People of Michigan v. Edwin...

Montana Uniform District Court Rules: Statewide Uniform Procedure, Mandatory Motion Conferencing, and New Simplified/Informal Trial Frameworks

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Montana Uniform District Court Rules: Statewide Uniform Procedure, Mandatory Motion Conferencing, and New Simplified/Informal Trial Frameworks Introduction On July 28, 2026 (Case No. AF 07-0110), the...

Settled-Party Comparative-Fault Defense Is Not a “Malpractice Claim” Triggering § 26-2-601 Expert-Qualification Limits

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Settled-Party Comparative-Fault Defense Is Not a “Malpractice Claim” Triggering § 26-2-601 Expert-Qualification Limits Introduction Stricker v. Blaine County (Mont. 2026 MT 170N) is the fourth...

Res Judicata Bars Untimely Collateral Restitution Challenges; § 46-18-246, MCA Permits Prospective Reduction to Zero Upon Proven Inability to Pay

Date: Jul 31, 2026

Res Judicata Bars Untimely Collateral Restitution Challenges; § 46-18-246, MCA Permits Prospective Reduction to Zero Upon Proven Inability to Pay Introduction In State v. J. Rodriguez (Mont. Sup. Ct....

State v. Thomas (2026 MT 171N): Vague Continuance Requests and Non-Substantial Counsel Complaints Do Not Compel Delay or Substitute Counsel—Especially Where Defendant Insists on Speedy Trial

Date: Jul 31, 2026

State v. Thomas (2026 MT 171N): Vague Continuance Requests and Non-Substantial Counsel Complaints Do Not Compel Delay or Substitute Counsel—Especially Where Defendant Insists on Speedy Trial...