actual-knowledge-is-awareness-of-the-hazard-itself Case Commentaries

Chapter 7 Debtors Lack Bankruptcy Appellate Standing to Unwind § 363 Sales Absent Surplus/Discharge Impact; § 363(n) Avoidance Is Trustee-Only

Date: May 5, 2026

Chapter 7 Debtors Lack Bankruptcy Appellate Standing to Unwind § 363 Sales Absent Surplus/Discharge Impact; § 363(n) Avoidance Is Trustee-Only Introduction In Okorie v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (5th...

Thivener v. Nero: Conflicting Evidence Does Not Defeat Probable Cause; Emergency-Aid Entry and Plain-View Digital Seizures at a Suspected Suicide/Homicide Scene

Date: May 5, 2026

Thivener v. Nero: Conflicting Evidence Does Not Defeat Probable Cause; Emergency-Aid Entry and Plain-View Digital Seizures at a Suspected Suicide/Homicide Scene Court: Court of Appeals for the Third...

Appellate Waivers Control Anders Appeals; Ineffective-Assistance Claims Generally Deferred to § 2255

Date: May 5, 2026

Appellate Waivers Control Anders Appeals; Ineffective-Assistance Claims Generally Deferred to § 2255 1. Introduction In United States v. Divine Zion (3d Cir. Apr. 30, 2026) (nonprecedential), the...

Wakat v. Winn: Appellate Review of Remand Orders When § 1442 Is Asserted, and the Finality Trap for Fee-Award Appeals

Date: May 5, 2026

Wakat v. Winn: Appellate Review of Remand Orders When § 1442 Is Asserted, and the Finality Trap for Fee-Award Appeals 1. Introduction Parties and posture. In consolidated appeals, August Wakat (pro...

Circuit Courts Lack Jurisdiction to Compel DHS “Systemic” CPS-Operations Disclosures Absent a Justiciable Controversy or Statutory Authority

Date: May 5, 2026

Circuit Courts Lack Jurisdiction to Compel DHS “Systemic” CPS-Operations Disclosures Absent a Justiciable Controversy or Statutory Authority Case: State of West Virginia ex rel. West Virginia...

Strict Enforcement of Summary-Judgment Local Rules Against Pro Se Prisoners, and “Disagreement with Treatment” Is Not Deliberate Indifference

Date: May 5, 2026

Strict Enforcement of Summary-Judgment Local Rules Against Pro Se Prisoners, and “Disagreement with Treatment” Is Not Deliberate Indifference Introduction In Paul Smith v. Pamela Hart as...

Tejon v. Zeus Networks: Small, Gray Browsewrap Hyperlinks Beneath Prominent Action Buttons Do Not Create Inquiry Notice of Arbitration Under Florida Law

Date: May 5, 2026

Tejon v. Zeus Networks: Small, Gray Browsewrap Hyperlinks Beneath Prominent Action Buttons Do Not Create Inquiry Notice of Arbitration Under Florida Law I. Introduction In Roger Tejon v. Zeus...

Unequivocal Notice Triggers ADA EEOC Deadline—Constructive Discharge Accrues on Resignation Notice, Not Effective Date

Date: May 5, 2026

Unequivocal Notice Triggers ADA EEOC Deadline—Constructive Discharge Accrues on Resignation Notice, Not Effective Date Introduction In Dawn Plagianes v. Fulton County School District (11th Cir. May...

Rule 33: Newly Discovered “Cumulative Impeachment” Evidence Does Not Warrant a New Trial or an Evidentiary Hearing Absent “Unique Situations”

Date: May 5, 2026

Rule 33: Newly Discovered “Cumulative Impeachment” Evidence Does Not Warrant a New Trial or an Evidentiary Hearing Absent “Unique Situations” 1. Introduction In United States v. Denzil Olajuwon...

“Notice of Intent to Terminate” Is Not Termination: Delaware Enforces Distinct Notice Triggers in ETF Services Agreements

Date: May 5, 2026

“Notice of Intent to Terminate” Is Not Termination: Delaware Enforces Distinct Notice Triggers in ETF Services Agreements Case: Benchmark Investments LLC v. Pacer Advisors, Inc. (Del. Apr. 30, 2026)...

Mandamus Limits in Election Cases: Referrals for Investigation Are Injunctive Relief; Voting/Candidate Residency Requires Intent Tethered to a Fixed Habitation

Date: May 5, 2026

Mandamus Limits in Election Cases: Referrals for Investigation Are Injunctive Relief; Voting/Candidate Residency Requires Intent Tethered to a Fixed Habitation I. Introduction In State ex rel....

Section 705 Stays When FDA Concedes Procedural Deficits: State Standing and the Public Interest Against Unlawful REMS Deregulation

Date: May 5, 2026

Section 705 Stays When FDA Concedes Procedural Deficits: State Standing and the Public Interest Against Unlawful REMS Deregulation Case: State of Louisiana v. FDA (5th Cir. May 1, 2026) (No....

Extraordinary Downward Variances Require Meaningful Consideration of Deterrence and Sentencing Disparities (Third Cir.)

Date: May 5, 2026

Extraordinary Downward Variances Require Meaningful Consideration of Deterrence and Sentencing Disparities—and a Compelling Explanation Beyond Rehabilitation Case: United States v. Steven Newkirk...

State v. Kent Eaton (2026 VT 14) — “Meaningful” DUI Counsel Consultation Is About Private Opportunity, Not Accurate Advice; Voluntariness Burden Triggered Only by Particularized Coercion Claims

Date: May 5, 2026

State v. Kent Eaton (2026 VT 14): “Meaningful” DUI Counsel Consultation Is About Private Opportunity, Not Accurate Advice; Voluntariness Burden Triggered Only by Particularized Coercion Claims 1....

Nullum Tempus Cannot Override 42 Pa.C.S. § 5536’s 12-Year Construction Statute of Repose

Date: May 5, 2026

Nullum Tempus Cannot Override 42 Pa.C.S. § 5536’s 12-Year Construction Statute of Repose 1. Introduction Case: Clearfield County, Pennsylvania v. Transystems Corporation (successor to L. Robert...

Stormwater Charges as User Fees: Proportionality, Proxy Metrics, and Limits on Recoverable Costs (Wecht, J., Concurring and Dissenting)

Date: May 5, 2026

Stormwater Charges as User Fees: Proportionality, Proxy Metrics, and Limits on Recoverable Costs (Wecht, J., Concurring and Dissenting) 1. Introduction This Pennsylvania Supreme Court matter arose...

ELCRA Discrimination: “Qualified” Must Be Assessed Independently of the Employer’s Stated Reasons; Workforce-Matched Termination Statistics Do Not Support an Inference of Bias

Date: May 5, 2026

ELCRA Discrimination: “Qualified” Must Be Assessed Independently of the Employer’s Stated Reasons; Workforce-Matched Termination Statistics Do Not Support an Inference of Bias 1. Introduction In...

Clear-and-Convincing Evidence Required to Invalidate a Parental Relinquishment to DHHS

Date: May 5, 2026

Clear-and-Convincing Evidence Required to Invalidate a Parental Relinquishment to DHHS I. Introduction In re Interest of Jordon B., 321 Neb. 315 (May 1, 2026), addresses when a biological parent may...

Strict Naming Requirement for “Illegal Votes” Election Contests: No List, No Jurisdiction

Date: May 5, 2026

Strict Naming Requirement for “Illegal Votes” Election Contests: No List, No Jurisdiction I. Introduction In re Election Contest of Highland School Bond Referendum (Iowa May 1, 2026) addresses a...

Standing Bar for Non-Vesting Contingent Charitable Beneficiaries in Iowa Probate Litigation

Date: May 5, 2026

Standing Bar for Non-Vesting Contingent Charitable Beneficiaries in Iowa Probate Litigation 1. Introduction Case: In the matter of the Estate of Herman Carl Stille (Iowa Supreme Court, May 1, 2026)....