actual-knowledge-is-awareness-of-the-hazard-itself Case Commentaries

Due Process Hearing Rights and Statutory Findings Required in Parenting Plan Modifications Under W. Va. Code § 48-9-401

Date: May 8, 2026

Due Process Hearing Rights and Statutory Findings Required in Parenting Plan Modifications Under W. Va. Code § 48-9-401 Introduction In In re H.L. (No. 25-345, W. Va. Sup. Ct. App. May 6, 2026),...

Diahn v. Blanche: Fourth Circuit Requires Immigration Judges to Actively Develop the Record and Provide Clear, Practical Notice for Pro Se Detained Respondents

Date: May 8, 2026

Diahn v. Blanche: Fourth Circuit Requires Immigration Judges to Actively Develop the Record and Provide Clear, Practical Notice for Pro Se Detained Respondents I. Introduction Trokon Diahn v. Todd...

Diahn v. Blanche: Immigration Judges Must Actively Develop the Record for Pro Se, Detained Respondents—Including Clear Guidance on Corroboration, Witnesses, and Where/When to File Evidence

Date: May 8, 2026

Diahn v. Blanche: Immigration Judges Must Actively Develop the Record for Pro Se, Detained Respondents—Including Clear Guidance on Corroboration, Witnesses, and Where/When to File Evidence 1....

Diahn v. Blanche: Expanded Statutory Duty of Immigration Judges to Develop the Record for Pro Se, Detained Respondents—Including Clear Notice on Evidence Submission and Witness Procedures

Date: May 8, 2026

Diahn v. Blanche: Expanded Statutory Duty of Immigration Judges to Develop the Record for Pro Se, Detained Respondents—Including Clear Notice on Evidence Submission and Witness Procedures I....

Equitable Partition of Personal Property in Wyoming & District Court Jurisdiction over Partition Actions

Date: May 8, 2026

Equitable Partition of Personal Property in Wyoming & District Court Jurisdiction over Partition Actions I. Introduction In Richard Q. Navarro v. Antonio Oros-Garcia, 2026 WY 52, the Wyoming Supreme...

State v. Shank: No Lesser-Included Third-Degree Assault Charge When Vehicle Use Satisfies ABHAN “Means Likely” Prong and Only General Intent (Recklessness) Is Required

Date: May 8, 2026

State v. Shank: No Lesser-Included Third-Degree Assault Charge When Vehicle Use Satisfies ABHAN “Means Likely” Prong and Only General Intent (Recklessness) Is Required I. Introduction State v. Samir...

FOIA Exemption 5 Protects PTAB Draft Decisions Circulated to Nonpanel Judges; No “Government Misconduct” Exception

Date: May 8, 2026

FOIA Exemption 5 Protects PTAB Draft Decisions Circulated to Nonpanel Judges; No “Government Misconduct” Exception Introduction In Josh Malone v. United States Patent & Trademark Office (4th Cir. May...

Eleventh Circuit: § 1225(b)(2)(A) No‑Bond Detention Applies Only to Aliens “Seeking Admission,” Not Unadmitted Aliens Found in the Interior

Date: May 8, 2026

Eleventh Circuit: § 1225(b)(2)(A) No‑Bond Detention Applies Only to Aliens “Seeking Admission,” Not Unadmitted Aliens Found in the Interior 1. Introduction Fidencio Hernandez Alvarez and Ismael Cerro...

Compliance Is Not Correction: Minimization of Intra-Sibling Sexual Abuse and Unsafe Adult Associations Justify Termination of Custodial Rights

Date: May 8, 2026

Compliance Is Not Correction: Minimization of Intra-Sibling Sexual Abuse and Unsafe Adult Associations Justify Termination of Custodial Rights 1. Introduction In re E.L., T.D., and W.D. is a Supreme...

Fenstermaker v. State (2026 UT 12) — Overwhelming-Evidence Bar to Strickland Prejudice for Self-Defense Instruction IAC Claims

Date: May 8, 2026

Overwhelming Evidence Defeats Strickland Prejudice in Postconviction Claims Attacking Self-Defense Instructions Introduction In Fenstermaker v. State, 2026 UT 12, the Utah Supreme Court reviewed a...

Wild Timberland Logging Roads Carry a Presumption of Permissive Use; Episodic Construction Access Does Not Ripen into Prescription Without Notice of Hostility

Date: May 8, 2026

Wild Timberland Logging Roads Carry a Presumption of Permissive Use; Episodic Construction Access Does Not Ripen into Prescription Without Notice of Hostility I. Introduction Spirit Lake Cabins, LLC...

State v. Hernandez (2026 ND 95): Future-Tense, Post-Refusal Lawyer References Do Not Trigger Baillie’s Chemical-Test Counsel Opportunity

Date: May 8, 2026

State v. Hernandez (2026 ND 95): Future-Tense, Post-Refusal Lawyer References Do Not Trigger Baillie’s Chemical-Test Counsel Opportunity Court: Supreme Court of North Dakota Date: May 7, 2026...

Family Court Discretion to Decline a Lincoln Hearing Where Testimony May Negatively Impact the Child

Date: May 8, 2026

Family Court Discretion to Decline a Lincoln Hearing Where Testimony May Negatively Impact the Child Introduction In Matter of Cullen NN. v Patrice OO. (2026 NY Slip Op 02900 [3d Dept May 7, 2026]),...

“Receipt” Means Actual Receipt: Ten-Day Response Periods in GWA Adverse Actions Run from Delivery, Not Mailing

Date: May 8, 2026

“Receipt” Means Actual Receipt: Ten-Day Response Periods in GWA Adverse Actions Run from Delivery, Not Mailing I. Introduction In Guam Waterworks Authority v. Civil Service Commission, and Joey A....

State v. Featherston (2026 UT 13): Utah’s General Savings Statute Bars Post-Sentencing Benefit from Ameliorative Penalty Reductions While Appeal Is Pending

Date: May 8, 2026

State v. Featherston (2026 UT 13): Utah’s General Savings Statute Bars Post-Sentencing Benefit from Ameliorative Penalty Reductions While Appeal Is Pending Introduction Parties: The State of Utah...

State v. Leland (2026 ND 99) Commentary

Date: May 8, 2026

Government Lots on Navigable Rivers Are Bounded by the River (Not the State Line): State Retains Title to In‑Channel Island Accretions That Later Attach to Shore Case: State v. Leland, 2026 ND 99...

Public Law 86-272 Does Not Facially Preempt New York’s Internet-Solicitation Regulation (20 NYCRR 1-2.10)

Date: May 8, 2026

Public Law 86-272 Does Not Facially Preempt New York’s Internet-Solicitation Regulation (20 NYCRR 1-2.10) Case: American Catalog Mailers Assn. v Department of Taxation & Fin., 2026 NY Slip Op 02908...

Trade Usage and Post-Abandonment Conduct Can Prove an Oral Subcontract; Conversion Counterclaims Fail Without Specific Proof of Value and Wrongful Control

Date: May 8, 2026

Trade Usage and Post-Abandonment Conduct Can Prove an Oral Subcontract; Conversion Counterclaims Fail Without Specific Proof of Value and Wrongful Control I. Introduction In Lepird Drywall, LLC d/b/a...

Erlinger Does Not Constitutionalize Jury Factfinding for New York Predicate-Felony “Tolling” Under Penal Law § 70.06(1)(b)(v)

Date: May 8, 2026

Erlinger Does Not Constitutionalize Jury Factfinding for New York Predicate-Felony “Tolling” Under Penal Law § 70.06(1)(b)(v) 1. Introduction People v Young (2026 NY Slip Op 02883 [1st Dept May 7,...

Pryor v. J.B. Hunt: Expungement Does Not Constitute Favorable Termination; Discovery Rule Accrues on Discovery of Injury (Not Cause)

Date: May 8, 2026

Expungement Does Not Constitute Favorable Termination; Discovery Rule Accrues on Discovery of Injury (Not Cause) 1. Introduction In Pryor v. J. B. Hunt Transport, Inc. (Miss. May 7, 2026), the...