Puerto Rico Case Commentaries

Mann Act § 2422(a) Covers “Johns” Who Financially Induce Interstate Travel for Prostitution; Self-Representation May Be Revoked for Waiver by Conduct

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Mann Act § 2422(a) Covers “Johns” Who Financially Induce Interstate Travel for Prostitution; Self-Representation May Be Revoked for Waiver by Conduct Case: United States v. Jose Torres (3d Cir. Aug....

Bad-Faith Requirement for § 1983 Evidence-Fabrication Claims Arising from State Ethics Investigations

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Bad-Faith Requirement for § 1983 Evidence-Fabrication Claims Arising from State Ethics Investigations 1. Introduction In Ernest N. Finley, Jr. v. Thomas Albritton (11th Cir. Aug. 17, 2026), Chief...

Residual-Exception Admission of Unsworn Recantation Letters to Defeat Grand-Jury Probable Cause at Summary Judgment

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Residual-Exception Admission of Unsworn Recantation Letters to Defeat Grand-Jury Probable Cause at Summary Judgment I. Introduction Batista-Reyes v. Paul (2d Cir. Aug. 17, 2026) arises from a 1993...

Broad Catchall Authority Under 18 U.S.C. § 3583(d): “Pay-if-able” Treatment-Cost Contributions as Valid Special Conditions of Supervised Release

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Broad Catchall Authority Under 18 U.S.C. § 3583(d): “Pay-if-able” Treatment-Cost Contributions as Valid Special Conditions of Supervised Release I. Introduction In United States v. Williams (10th...

Brown v. Wallace: Qualified-Immunity Denial at the Pleading Stage When Key Fourth Amendment Justification Facts Are Unknown; Reasonable Suspicion Minimum for Visual Body-Cavity Searches Outside Jail Intake

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Brown v. Wallace: Qualified-Immunity Denial at the Pleading Stage When Key Fourth Amendment Justification Facts Are Unknown; Reasonable Suspicion Minimum for Visual Body-Cavity Searches Outside Jail...

Strickland Prejudice in Late-Stage Plea Advice Claims: No § 2255 Hearing When the Record Forecloses Acceptance and a Lower Outcome

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Strickland Prejudice in Late-Stage Plea Advice Claims: No § 2255 Hearing When the Record Forecloses Acceptance and a Lower Outcome I. Introduction In Derek Fields v. United States (7th Cir. Aug. 17,...

Removal Stays Are Provisional: Petitioners Must Continuously Prove All Nken Factors, Including Jurisdiction and Procedural Viability

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Removal Stays Are Provisional: Petitioners Must Continuously Prove All Nken Factors, Including Jurisdiction and Procedural Viability Case: Jose Aristy-Rosa v. Attorney General United States of...

Limited “Sharing” Protective Orders Are Permissible Under Alabama Rule 26—But Must Be Case-Specific, Jurisdiction-Binding, and Return/Destroy-Coordinated

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Limited “Sharing” Protective Orders Are Permissible Under Alabama Rule 26—But Must Be Case-Specific, Jurisdiction-Binding, and Return/Destroy-Coordinated Case: Ex parte State Farm Fire and Casualty...

Nonpayment of Arbitral Filing Fees After AAA Warnings Constitutes FAA § 3 Default/Waiver Decidable by Courts

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Nonpayment of Arbitral Filing Fees After AAA Warnings Constitutes FAA § 3 Default/Waiver Decidable by Courts Introduction In 5-Star General Store v. American Express Company (1st Cir. Aug. 19, 2026),...

Public Trial Protocol Disclosures Negate “Half-Truth” Liability for Safety-Event Statements in Securities Fraud Claims

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Public Trial Protocol Disclosures Negate “Half-Truth” Liability for Safety-Event Statements in Securities Fraud Claims 1. Introduction In Re: Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Securities Litigation is a...

Defining “Construction and Design of Improvements” Under the Springfield Water Special Act: Fact-Specific PWA Coverage and No Metcalf Incompatibility

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Defining “Construction and Design of Improvements” Under the Springfield Water Special Act: Fact-Specific PWA Coverage and No Metcalf Incompatibility Case: Nicholls v. Veolia Water Contract...

Rule 37 Sanctions and Forfeiture After Remand: Jurisdictional Discovery Over a Relief Defendant Proceeds Absent Timely Objection

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Rule 37 Sanctions and Forfeiture After Remand: Jurisdictional Discovery Over a Relief Defendant Proceeds Absent Timely Objection I. Introduction SEC v. Gastauer (1st Cir. Aug. 19, 2026) arises from...

Equitable Tolling for Motions to Reopen Requires Explained, Continuous Diligence—FOIA Timing and “I Didn’t Know” Are Not Enough

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Equitable Tolling for Motions to Reopen Requires Explained, Continuous Diligence—FOIA Timing and “I Didn’t Know” Are Not Enough 1. Introduction In Jhonny Castiblanco-Manrique v. U.S. Attorney General...

K-9 Deployment During In-Home Warrant Arrest Is Objectively Reasonable When Officers Give Repeated Warnings, Face Prolonged Noncompliance, and Release the Dog Promptly After Handcuffing

Date: Aug 21, 2026

K-9 Deployment During In-Home Warrant Arrest Is Objectively Reasonable When Officers Give Repeated Warnings, Face Prolonged Noncompliance, and Release the Dog Promptly After Handcuffing Case:...

Florida Implied Covenant Claims Require an Identified Breach of an Express Contract Term (and Account-Closure Discretion Defeats “Arbitrary” Closure Theories)

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Florida Implied Covenant Claims Require an Identified Breach of an Express Contract Term (and Account-Closure Discretion Defeats “Arbitrary” Closure Theories) I. Introduction In Sam Lewis v. JPMorgan...

Circumstantial Proof of “Death Results” Causation and Intrinsic Firearms Evidence in Fentanyl-Distribution Conspiracies

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Circumstantial Proof of “Death Results” Causation and Intrinsic Firearms Evidence in Fentanyl-Distribution Conspiracies I. Introduction In United States v. Joel Fonseca Flores (11th Cir. Aug. 19,...

Circumstantial Proof of “Death Results” Fentanyl Distribution and Intrinsic Firearms Evidence in Drug Conspiracies

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Circumstantial Proof of “Death Results” Fentanyl Distribution and Intrinsic Firearms Evidence in Drug Conspiracies I. Introduction In United States v. Joel Fonseca Flores (11th Cir. Aug. 19, 2026)...

Appeal Waiver Enforcement Despite Alleged Colloquy “Confusion” and Absent Hunter-Level Miscarriage of Justice: United States v. McReynolds, II

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Appeal Waiver Enforcement Despite Alleged Colloquy “Confusion” and Absent Hunter-Level Miscarriage of Justice: United States v. McReynolds, II Court: U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit...

Qualified Immunity Requires Fact-Specific Precedent: Canine Deployment Against an Armed, Noncompliant Suspect and Deadly Force Triggered by a Gun Aimed at a Police Canine

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Qualified Immunity Requires Fact-Specific Precedent: Canine Deployment Against an Armed, Noncompliant Suspect and Deadly Force Triggered by a Gun Aimed at a Police Canine 1. Introduction In Estate of...

Passenger Officers Must Protect Shackled, Unbelted Inmates from Reckless Prison Transports—Qualified Immunity Still Demands Fact-Specific Notice for “Rough Ride” Variants

Date: Aug 21, 2026

Passenger Officers Must Protect Shackled, Unbelted Inmates from Reckless Prison Transports—Qualified Immunity Still Demands Fact-Specific Notice for “Rough Ride” Variants 1. Introduction Case: Kevin...