Right to Substitute Counsel in the Face of Communication Breakdown: Analysis of United States v. Mullen Introduction United States of America v. Zarina Lenetta Mullen, 32 F.3d 891 (4th Cir. 1994), is...
Limited Grounds for Vacating Arbitration Awards Reinforced: Remmey v. PaineWebber, Inc. Introduction The case Kathryn Thompson Remmey, Executors for the Estate of Louise Remmey v. PaineWebber,...
Verification Requirements in Title VII Retaliation Claims: Balazs v. AT&T Introduction In the landmark case of Steven C. Balazs v. American Telephone and Telegraph Company, Inc., the United States...
Fourth Circuit Recognizes Drug Conspiracy Convictions as Instant Offenses for Career Offender Enhancement Introduction The case of United States of America v. Joseph Willie Kennedy was deliberated by...
Fourth Circuit Affirms Proper Admission of Prior Felony Convictions in § 922(g)(1) Offenses Introduction In United States of America v. Button Jack Rhodes (32 F.3d 867), the United States Court of...
Interpreting "Medically Necessary" Under ERISA: Insights from Sheppard Enoch Pratt Hospital v. Travelers Insurance Company Introduction The case of Sheppard Enoch Pratt Hospital, Inc. v. Travelers...
Defining a "Qualified Individual" Under the ADA: Commentary on Tyndall v. National Education Centers Introduction The case of Mary M. Tyndall versus National Education Centers, Incorporated of...
Retaliation Claims Require Causation: The 'Same Decision' Doctrine in Employment Discrimination Cases Introduction The case of Susan Preston v. Commonwealth of Virginia ex rel. New River Community...
ERISA Preempts State Substantial Compliance Doctrine: Establishing Federal Common Law in Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Adams Introduction The case of Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company v....
Title VII and Section 1983: Coexisting Remedies for Employment Discrimination – Beardsley v. Webb Introduction In the landmark case Beardsley v. Webb, adjudicated by the United States Court of...
Randall v. United States: Affirmation of Qualified Immunity in Military Medical Practitioners' Due Process Rights Introduction Randall v. United States is a pivotal case adjudicated by the United...
Ahmeds v. United States: Administrative Exhaustion Under the Federal Tort Claims Act Introduction The case Fozia Ahmed; Mohammad Ahmed, Individually and as Parents and Next Friends of Ayesha Ahmed;...
Establishing Reasonable Attorney Fees under 42 U.S.C. §1988: Insights from RUM CREEK COAL SALES, INC. v. CAPERTON Introduction RUM CREEK COAL SALES, INC. v. CAPERTON is a pivotal case adjudicated by...
Affirming Employer-Only Liability Under the ADEA: Insights from Birkbeck v. Marvel Lighting Corporation Introduction The case of PATRICIA BIRKBECK, AS PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ESTATE OF ALAN...
Qualified Immunity in Child Abuse Record Maintenance: Hodges v. Jones Introduction Hodges v. Jones, decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit on July 19, 1994, addresses...
Affirmation of Rule 32(c)(3)(D) Compliance in Sentencing: United States v. Walker Introduction United States of America v. Harold R. Walker, 29 F.3d 908 (4th Cir. 1994), serves as a pivotal case in...
Establishing Disability: Objective Medical Evidence Requirements in Subjective Pain Claims Mickles v. Shalala, United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit, 1994 Introduction Case: Nannie Mickles,...
Liability of Brand-Name Drug Manufacturers in the Context of Generic Equivalents: Foster v. Wyeth Introduction The case of Craig Foster; Karen Foster v. American Home Products Corporation (Wyeth)...
Federal Question Jurisdiction in State Law Negligence Claims: Insights from Mulcahey v. Columbia Organic Chemicals Co. Introduction The case of Mulcahey v. Columbia Organic Chemicals Company, Inc.,...
Ensuring Factual Basis in Expert Testimony: Fourth Circuit's Decision in Tyger Construction Co. v. Pensacola Construction Co. Introduction Tyger Construction Company Incorporated, a South Carolina...