Position Marks Must Be a Single, Precisely Delineated Sign: Non‑limiting Descriptions Creating Indeterminate Variations Fail Registrability Case: Thom Browne Inc & Anor v Adidas AG [2025] EWCA Civ...
IRH is not a shortcut: Court of Appeal mandates necessary evidence, Article 6 fairness, and explicit welfare and contact analysis before making final care orders Case: H, Re (Final Care Orders at...
No AoS or CPR 11 application is required where service of the claim form was invalid and time has not been extended; “left for DX collection” is not service under CPR 7.5 Commentary on Bellway Homes...
Figurative Trade Marks: Where the Picture and Description Align, the Image Defines the Sign — Independence of the Sieckmann Conditions Reaffirmed Introduction In Babek International Ltd v Iceland...
Personal Motive Is Not a Convention Nexus; Displacing a Safe‑Country Presumption Does Not Foreclose State Protection: Commentary on N.S. & T.S. v International Protection Appeals Tribunal & Minister...
AR v Minister for Justice [2025] IEHC 552: Limiting Luximon and Confirming Deferred Assessment of Private‑Life Rights for Unlawfully Present Migrants 1. Introduction This High Court judgment of...
R v Madaweni [2025] EWCA Crim 1427: Fresh psychiatric evidence on appeal—diminished responsibility requires a causal explanation; mental disorder may still mitigate on sentence Court: England and...
R v Demiraj [2025] EWCA Crim 1468: The Jury’s Role, “Truth”, and Hearsay-Based Convictions 1. Introduction R v Demiraj [2025] EWCA Crim 1468 is an important Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)...
Abduction in Sexual Assault Sentencing and the Near‑Mandatory Use of Pre‑Sentence Reports in Dangerousness Assessments: Commentary on R v Thompson [2025] EWCA Crim 1462 1. Introduction The decision...
Reflecting Multiple Child Victims and Future Risk in Sexual Sentencing: Commentary on R v Ellis [2025] EWCA Crim 1498 1. Introduction This commentary examines the decision of the Court of Appeal...
Clarifying Costs and Final Remedies in Section 327 Social Welfare Appeals: Order 90 RSC ‘No Costs Unless Special Order’ Applies and the High Court May Restore an Earlier Decision Introduction This...
Keel v HM Advocate [2025] HCJAC 47: Early Intimation Drives Plea Discounts in Murder; Prolonged Failure to Seek Help Is a Material Aggravator Court: Appeal Court, High Court of Justiciary (Scotland)...
Beyond Beveridge: Distress as Non-Corroborative Yet Admissible, and the Primacy of Mutual Corroboration—TH v HM Advocate [2025] HCJAC 46 Introduction In TH v His Majesty’s Advocate [2025] HCJAC 46,...
The Billing-Currency Rule for Costs: Costs orders lie in sterling or the solicitors’ billing currency, not the claimant’s “loss currency” Case: Process & Industrial Developments Ltd v The Federal...
Policy Parity Is Not Legal Parity: Appropriate Assessment at the Discharge Stage for European Sites, but NPPF Ramsar Policy Cannot Override Vested Outline Permissions Introduction This Supreme Court...
R v WCU [2025] EWCA Crim 1414: Reaffirming the “exceptional” threshold for 30+ year sentences, tightening late guilty plea credit, and correcting the use of Special Custodial Sentences alongside...
Adequacy of Reasons in Criminal Law (Insanity) Act 2006 s.13 Reviews: Context, Dispute-Driven Reasoning, and No Duty to Formulate Unargued Tests 1) Introduction In D.K. v Mental Health [Criminal Law]...
New Latitude in AIE Statutory Appeals and the “Moldova Effect” on AIE Fees: High Court Refers Post‑MOP Question to the CJEU Introduction This commentary examines the High Court of Ireland’s decision...
Post‑Kirwan Strike-Out and Five‑Year Inactivity: High Court consolidates Order 19 (2023) powers to dismiss dormant mortgage litigation and vacate lis pendens Introduction In Cullen v Start Mortgages...
Feeney v Groves [2025] IEHC 633: Clarifying the Threshold for Seanad Recounts under Rule 14(2) of the 1947 Act 1. Introduction This High Court judgment by O’Higgins J in Angela Feeney v Groves & Ors...