Holistic, baseline-driven application of the proximity principle and reasons adequacy under Waste Plan Policy 4(c) Introduction In Stop Portland Waste Incinerator v Secretary of State for Housing,...
“Supervise” Means “Run”: Court of Appeal clarifies the Representative of an Overseas Business route — skills, knowledge and ongoing supervision are required Case: Secretary of State (Entry Clearance...
RR v Enfield [2025] EWCA Civ 1390: No Freestanding PSED Monitoring Duty and a Rigorous Evidential Threshold for Indirect Disability Discrimination in Social-Housing Allocations Introduction This...
MS Amlin Marine NV v King Trader Ltd [2025] EWCA Civ 1387: Court of Appeal redefines the “red hand” rule as the “onerous clause doctrine” and confirms the compatibility and efficacy of pay‑first...
Foreign Assistors Cannot Rely on the Babanaft Proviso to Escape Civil Liability: Unlawful Means Conspiracy for Aiding Breach of English Freezing Orders Case: Lakatamia Shipping Co Ltd v Su & Ors...
No “Permanence” Requirement and Mediation-Delay Counts: The Court of Appeal Recasts the Article 12(2) Settlement Defence Introduction This Court of Appeal decision in B (Child Abduction: Settlement)...
R v Khan [2025] EWCA Crim 1518 – Harm Categorisation, Totality and Proportional Sexual Harm Prevention Orders 1. Introduction The decision of the Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) in R v Khan...
Fresh Evidence After a Second Trial: When an Uncalled Eyewitness Can Render a Prior Conviction Unsafe (R v Erorh) Case: Erorh, R. v Citation: [2025] EWCA Crim 1630 Court: England and Wales Court of...
Leading Role, EncroChat, and Totality in Industrial‑Scale Drug Conspiracies: Commentary on R v Thompson [2025] EWCA Crim 1517 1. Introduction The decision in R v Thompson [2025] EWCA Crim 1517 is a...
Circumstantial Association Evidence Can Properly Survive a Half‑Time Submission in Drug Conspiracy Trials Introduction Case: Hassan, R. v Citation: [2025] EWCA Crim 1862 Court: England and Wales...
Macfhearchair: “Significant Planning” Inferred from Patterned Predation—Affirming s.285 Sentencing Act 2020 Life Sentences as a Last Resort (and Correct Day-Based Remand Deductions) Citation: [2025]...
R v Habibi [2025] EWCA Crim 1523: Uplifts, Totality and Procedural Requirements in Sentencing Assaults on Emergency Workers and Racially Aggravated Harassment 1. Introduction The decision of the...
“Starting Point” in Sentencing: Only the Guideline Starting Point is the True Starting Point (and Mislabeling Does Not Itself Prove Error) 1. Introduction R v Jellicoe concerned an appeal against...
Harm‑centric sentencing for TPO breaches: replanting is not mitigation, failure to check is negligent, and fines must bite for wealthy offenders Case: R v Chamdal [2025] EWCA Crim 1384 (England and...
Extending Balajigari to Part 9 Cancellations: Two-stage procedural fairness, “no prejudice” and s.31(2A) in Singaram v SSHD [2025] EWCA Civ 1375 Introduction This Court of Appeal decision clarifies...
Risk of Loss, Intended Loss and Emotional Harm in Fraud Sentencing: Commentary on R v Blaauw [2025] EWCA Crim 1508 1. Introduction This commentary examines the decision of the England and Wales Court...
O’Pray v R: Maturity Discounts for Young Adults and s.322 Uplifts to Murder Minimum Terms Clarified Introduction This commentary examines the decision of the England and Wales Court of Appeal...
No Bad Faith in Pressing for Preferred FRAND Forum Absent Legitimate Objection: ‘First Seised’ Not Determinative and Interim Licences Should Be Jurisdiction‑Neutral Case: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd...
Ambulatory Defined Terms and Deferred Consideration: “Reduction/Release” of a Zone of Influence—not Mere Permission—Triggers Payment; Rectification Requires a Proved Outward Accord Introduction In...
Consequences, Not Formalism: Return-Date Omission Not Fatal to Parliamentary Election Petitions; Retrospective Validation of Service Under CPR 6.15(2) Permitted Case: Moore v Royal Mail Group Ltd &...