The case of Save The South Leinster Way & Anor v An Bord Pleanala & Ors (Approved) ([2023] IEHC 577) was adjudicated in the High Court of Ireland on October 25, 2023. This judicial review centered on the applicants' challenge to a planning permission granted for a wind farm development that purportedly impacted the South Leinster Way, a segment of the European E8 walking route.

The primary issue revolved around the applicants' failure to file their application for judicial review within the statutory eight-week period prescribed under Section 50 of the Planning and Development Act, 2000, as amended. The applicants contended that an implied extension should apply when the deadline falls on a weekend, akin to provisions in limitation laws. The court's decision in this matter establishes a significant precedent regarding the rigid application of statutory time limits in planning judicial reviews.

The applicants, comprising Save The South Leinster Way and Tara Heavey, sought judicial review of the decision by An Bord Pleanala to grant planning permission for the construction of 21 wind turbines in Castlebanny, County Kilkenny. The core procedural contention was the timing of the judicial review application.

Under Section 50(6) of the Planning and Development Act, 2000, an application for leave to judicially review must be made within eight weeks from the date of the decision or the act being challenged. The applicants submitted their grounding affidavit and statement of grounds one day after the statutory deadline expired on November 20, 2022, as the deadline fell on a Sunday.

The applicants argued for an implied extension of time, proposing that the deadline should effectively roll over to the next working day when it falls on a weekend. However, the High Court dismissed this argument, emphasizing the absence of such a provision in the Act and the necessity for strict adherence to statutory timeframes in planning contexts. Consequently, while the court permitted the applicants to amend their statement of grounds, it ultimately refused the extension of time and dismissed the leave application as being out of time.

The judgment references a multitude of precedents to reinforce the strict interpretation of statutory time limits:

• K.S.K. Enterprises v. An Bord Pleanála [1994] – Emphasizes the necessity for expedition in commercial contexts.
• Noonan Services Limited & Ors v. the Labour Court (2004) – Highlights the importance of adhering to procedural deadlines.
• Irish Skydiving Club Ltd. v. An Bord Pleanála [2016] – Reinforces strict time limit adherence.
• Krikke v. Barranfaddock [2022] – Establishes that strict time limits are not contrary to EU law.
• Others include cases like Kelly v. Leitrim County Council, Shell E & P Ireland Ltd v. McGrath, and Drumquin Construction (Barefield) Ltd. v. Clare C.C., all reinforcing the principle of strict time limit enforcement.

These precedents collectively support the court’s stance that time limits in planning matters must be adhered to rigorously, ensuring certainty and efficiency in administrative proceedings.

The court's legal reasoning centered on the interpretation of Section 50 of the Planning and Development Act, 2000. The applicants posited that an implied grace period should apply when the deadline coincides with non-working days, referencing general practices in limitation laws. However, the court rejected this premise on several grounds:

• Commercial Context: In planning matters, strict adherence to deadlines ensures procedural certainty and expedites administrative processes. The court underscored that flexibility in such contexts could lead to delays and unpredictability.
• Express Terms of the Act: The Act explicitly outlines specific provisions for disregarding certain days, such as public holidays, in calculating deadlines (e.g., Section 251 and Section 141). No provision exists for an implied extension beyond these expressly stated exceptions.
• Statutory Interpretation: The court emphasized that statutory interpretation should consider the text, context, and purpose of the legislation. Here, all elements pointed towards a strict application of the eight-week period without additional implied extensions.
• Precedent Alignment: Consistent with established jurisprudence, the court maintained that deviations from statutory timeframes are permissible only under clear and compelling circumstances, which were absent in this case.

Furthermore, the court scrutinized the applicants' reliance on external sources, such as the European Union E-Justice portal, and found it irrelevant to the statutory provisions governing planning judicial reviews.

This judgment has significant implications for future judicial review applications in the realm of planning and development:

• Reinforcement of Strict Time Limits: Applicants must be vigilant in adhering to statutory deadlines, understanding that implied extensions are not recognized absent explicit legislative provisions.
• Clarity in Procedural Requirements: The decision elucidates that while amendments to statements of grounds can be permitted, extensions of time are subject to stringent criteria, ensuring that courts are not burdened with inefficiencies stemming from procedural oversights.
• Limited Flexibility: The ruling underscores the court's limited willingness to accommodate perceived technicalities, thereby promoting procedural discipline among applicants.
• Influence on Legal Strategy: Legal practitioners will likely advise clients to file applications well within statutory periods to avoid similar pitfalls, minimizing reliance on arguments for implied exceptions.

Ultimately, the judgment sets a clear precedent that within the context of the Planning and Development Act, 2000, and specifically Section 50, time limits for judicial reviews are to be strictly enforced, ensuring procedural integrity and administrative efficiency.

Judicial Review

Judicial review is a legal process where courts examine the actions of public bodies to ensure they comply with the law. In this case, the applicants sought to challenge the decision of the planning authority to grant permission for a wind farm, alleging that the decision adversely affected the South Leinster Way.

Section 50 of the Planning and Development Act, 2000

This section governs the process and time limits for applying for judicial review of planning decisions. It stipulates that applications must be made within eight weeks from the date of the decision being challenged, emphasizing the importance of timeliness in legal proceedings.

Statutory Time Limits

These are legally established timeframes within which certain actions must be taken. Failure to comply with these limits typically results in the loss of the right to take that action. The judgment focuses on the strict application of these limits without allowance for implied extensions based on weekends or holidays.

Express vs. Implied Provisions

Express provisions are explicitly stated within a statute, leaving no ambiguity about their application. Implied provisions, on the other hand, are inferred by courts based on context or common practices. The court in this case emphasized that only express provisions are to be considered unless there is clear legislative intent to imply otherwise.

The High Court's decision in Save The South Leinster Way & Anor v An Bord Pleanala & Ors underscores the judiciary's commitment to upholding strict procedural standards within the planning and development framework. By denying the applicants' request for an implied extension of the judicial review application period, the court reinforced the importance of adhering to statutory deadlines, particularly in commercial and administrative contexts where predictability and efficiency are paramount.

This judgment serves as a critical reminder to legal practitioners and applicants of the necessity to respect and meticulously comply with legislative timelines. It also clarifies that exceptions to these time limits are confined to those explicitly provided for within the statute, leaving no room for inferred extensions based on external factors such as weekends or holidays.

Ultimately, the ruling contributes to the broader legal landscape by affirming the principle that while courts may exhibit flexibility in certain procedural aspects, such flexibility does not extend to the fundamental statutory timeframes unless unequivocally mandated by law. This ensures a balanced approach that maintains both the integrity of legal processes and the equitable administration of justice.