Marshall Dennehey Warner Coleman & Goggin, P.C., Melville, NY (Michael P. Kelly of counsel), for appellant Joshua Robert Sonett.
Martin Clearwater & Bell LLP, New York, NY (Barbara D. Goldberg and Bruce G. Habian of counsel), for appellants New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, Marc Bessler, Amy Stevens, as executor of the estate of Peter D. Stevens, and Daniel Davis.
Parker Waichman LLP, Port Washington, NY (Jay L.T. Breakstone of counsel), for respondent.
REINALDO E. RIVERA, J.P., SHERI S. ROMAN, JOSEPH J. MALTESE, and HECTOR D. LaSALLE, JJ.
In an action to recover damages for medical malpractice and lack of informed consent, the defendant Joshua Robert Sonett appeals, and the defendants New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, Marc Bessler, Amy Stevens, as executor of the estate of Peter D. Stevens, and Daniel Davis separately appeal, as limited by their respective briefs, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Bunyan, J.), dated June 3, 2015, as denied those branches of their separate motions which were pursuant to CPLR 3211(a) to dismiss the complaint insofar as asserted against each of them.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed insofar as appealed from, with one bill of costs payable by the defendants appearing separately and filing separate briefs.
In November 2008, the plaintiff underwent an experimental Court, inter alia, denied those branches of the defendants' motions, and the defendants appeal.
"To succeed on a motion to dismiss based upon documentary evidence pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(1), the documentary evidence must utterly refute the plaintiff's factual allegations, conclusively establishing a defense as a matter of law" ( Gould v. Decolator, 121 A.D.3d 845, 847, 994 N.Y.S.2d 368 ; see Goshen v. Mutual Life Ins. Co. of N.Y., 98 N.Y.2d 314, 326, 746 N.Y.S.2d 858, 774 N.E.2d 1190 ; U.S. Mdse., Inc. v. L&R Distribs., Inc., 122 A.D.3d 613, 613–614, 996 N.Y.S.2d 83 ). A settlement agreement or release affecting a claim may be the basis for a CLR 3211(a)(1) motion to dismiss where the terms are clear and unambiguous and conclusively dispose of the matter (see Rudovic v. Rudovic, 131 A.D.3d 1225, 1226, 16 N.Y.S.3d 856 ; Malarkey v. Piel, 7 A.D.3d 681, 776 N.Y.S.2d 845 ).
"On a motion to dismiss the complaint pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7) for failure to state a cause of action, the court must afford the pleading a liberal construction, accept all facts as alleged in the pleading to be true, accord the plaintiff the benefit of every possible inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory" ( Breytman v. Olinville Realty, LLC, 54 A.D.3d 703, 703–704, 864 N.Y.S.2d 70 ; see Leon v. Martinez, 84 N.Y.2d 83, 87–88, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511 ). However, where the moving party offers evidentiary material, the court is required to determine whether the proponent of the pleading has a cause of action, not just whether he or she has stated one (see Pincus v. Wells, 35 A.D.3d 569, 570–571, 826 N.Y.S.2d 423 ).
Pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(5), a cause of action may be dismissed "because of ... collateral estoppel ... payment, release, [and/or] res judicata." A valid release "constitutes a complete bar to an action on a claim which is the subject of the release" ( Global Mins. & Metals Corp. v. Holme, 35 A.D.3d 93, 98, 824 N.Y.S.2d 210 ; see Centro Empresarial Cempresa S.A. v. América Móvil, S.A.B. de C.V., 17 N.Y.3d 269, 276, 929 N.Y.S.2d 3, 952 N.E.2d 995 ). "A release is a contract, and its construction is governed by contract law" ( Kaminsky v. Gamache, 298 A.D.2d 361, 361, 751 N.Y.S.2d 254 ). If "the language of a release is clear and unambiguous, the signing of a release is a ‘jural act’ binding on the parties" ( Booth v. 3669 Delaware, 92 N.Y.2d 934, 935, 680 N.Y.S.2d 899, 703 N.E.2d 757, citing Mangini v. McClurg, 24 N.Y.2d 556, 563, 301 N.Y.S.2d 508, 249 N.E.2d 386 ; see Desiderio v. Geico Gen. Ins. Co., 107 A.D.3d 662, 663, 967 N.Y.S.2d 392 ). Where the release is unambiguous, a court may not look to extrinsic evidence to determine the parties' intent (see Koufakis v. Siglag, 85 A.D.3d 872, 873, 925 N.Y.S.2d 204 ). "Whether or not a writing is ambiguous is a question of law to be resolved by the courts" ( W.W.W. Assoc. v. Gioncontieri, 77 N.Y.2d 157, 162, 565 N.Y.S.2d 440, 566 N.E.2d 639 ; see Sicuranza v. Philip Howard Apts. Tenants Corp., 121 A.D.3d 966, 967, 995 N.Y.S.2d 157 ). A defendant bears the initial burden of establishing that he or she has been released from any claims (see Centro Empresarial Cempresa S.A. v. América Móvil, S.A.B. de C.V., 17 N.Y.3d at 276, 929 N.Y.S.2d 3, 952 N.E.2d 995 ).
Here, although the terms of the Satiety release are clear and unambiguous (see Wells v. Shearson Lehman/American Express, 72 N.Y.2d 11, 22–23, 530 N.Y.S.2d 517, 526 N.E.2d 8 ; Fiakpoey v. Middlesworth, 118 A.D.3d 743, 745, 987 N.Y.S.2d 201 ; Tedesco v. Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Auth., 250 A.D.2d 758, 673 N.Y.S.2d 181 ), the defendants failed to establish that they fell within the defined group of releasees as a matter of law (cf. Fiakpoey v. Middlesworth, 118 A.D.3d at 745, 987 N.Y.S.2d 201 ; Tedesco v. Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Auth., 250 A.D.2d at 758, 673 N.Y.S.2d 181 ). The Supreme Court therefore properly denied those branches of the defendants' motions to dismiss which were based on the defense of valid release.
"Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment precludes reconsideration of all claims which could have or should have been litigated in the prior proceedings against the same party" ( Breslin Realty Dev. Corp. v. Shaw, 72 A.D.3d 258, 263, 893 N.Y.S.2d 95 ; see Goldman v. Rio, 104 A.D.3d 729, 730, 961 N.Y.S.2d 288 ). Under the related doctrine of collateral estoppel, relitigation of an issue which has necessarily been decided in a prior action and is determinative of the issues disputed in the present action is precluded provided that there was a full and fair opportunity to contest the decision now alleged to be controlling (see Capellupo v. Nassau Health Care Corp., 97 A.D.3d 619, 621, 948 N.Y.S.2d 362 ; Breslin Realty Dev. Corp. v. Shaw, 72 A.D.3d at 263, 893 N.Y.S.2d 95 ). Here, the evidence submitted by the defendants failed to conclusively establish that there was identity of the parties and the issues such that the Satiety action had preclusive effect on the causes of action raised in this action. The Supreme Court therefore properly denied those branches of the defendants' motions to dismiss which were based on res judicata and collateral estoppel.
The defendants' remaining contentions are without merit.