Baker v. Baker

Defendant father, as limited by his brief, contends that Supreme Court erred in denying his motion insofar as he sought an order directing plaintiff mother to pay child support for the parties' son. In denying that part of the motion, the court concluded that there was insufficient proof to justify a change in the child's emancipation status.

We agree with the father that the court erred in concluding that the child's return to parental custody and control neither revived his unemancipated status nor reinstated the support obligations of his parents. It is well settled that “ ‘[a] parent is obligated to support his or her child until the age of 21’ ” ( Matter of Cedeno v. Knowlton, 98 A.D.3d 1257, 1257, 951 N.Y.S.2d 412; seeFamily Ct. Act § 413[1][a] ). It is equally well settled that “[e]mancipation of the child suspends or terminates this duty to support” ( Matter of Thomas B. v. Lydia D., 69 A.D.3d 24, 28, 886 N.Y.S.2d 22; see Cedeno, 98 A.D.3d at 1257, 951 N.Y.S.2d 412). “[C]hildren are deemed emancipated if they attain economic independence through employment, entry into military service or marriage and, further, may be deemed constructively emancipated if, without cause, they withdraw from parental supervision and control” ( Matter of Bogin v. Goodrich, 265 A.D.2d 779, 781, 696 N.Y.S.2d 317).

In this case, the record establishes, and the parties stipulated, that the child was constructively emancipated in June 2012 when he moved out of the mother's residence and into an apartment with friends in an effort to avoid the mother's rules requiring him to attend school and not use illicit drugs ( see e.g. Matter of Donnelly v. Donnelly, 14 A.D.3d 811, 812, 788 N.Y.S.2d 466; Matter of Columbia County Dept. of Social Servs. v. Richard O., 262 A.D.2d 913, 914–915, 692 N.Y.S.2d 496; see generally Matter of Parker v. Stage, 43 N.Y.2d 128, 133–134, 400 N.Y.S.2d 794, 371 N.E.2d 513; Matter of Roe v. Doe, 29 N.Y.2d 188, 193, 324 N.Y.S.2d 71, 272 N.E.2d 567). The issue in this appeal is whether the child's unemancipated status was revived when he moved in with his father after “being treated for withdrawal” ( see e.g. Matter of Kendall v. Fazzone, 18 A.D.3d 908, 908, 793 N.Y.S.2d 779; Bogin, 265 A.D.2d at 781, 696 N.Y.S.2d 317; Matter of Hamdy v. Hamdy, 203 A.D.2d 958, 958–959, 612 N.Y.S.2d 718).

“[T]he case law makes clear that a child's unemancipated status may be revived provided there has been a sufficient change in circumstances to warrant the corresponding change in status” ( Bogin, 265 A.D.2d at 781, 696 N.Y.S.2d 317). “Permitting reversion to unemancipated status is consistent with the statutory principle that parents are responsible for the support of their dependent children until the children attain the age of 21” ( Hamdy, 203 A.D.2d at 958, 612 N.Y.S.2d 718). Generally, a return to the parents' custody and control has been deemed sufficient to revive a child's unemancipated status ( see e.g. Kendall, 18 A.D.3d at 908, 793 N.Y.S.2d 779; Bogin, 265 A.D.2d at 780–781, 696 N.Y.S.2d 317; cf. Matter of Chambers v. Chambers, 295 A.D.2d 654, 655, 742 N.Y.S.2d 725). Although most of the cases concerning a revival of a child's unemancipated status involve a child's return to the home that he or she abandoned versus the home of the noncustodial parent ( see e.g. Kendall, 18 A.D.3d at 908, 793 N.Y.S.2d 779; Bogin, 265 A.D.2d at 780, 696 N.Y.S.2d 317), we conclude that the return to the noncustodial parent's supervision and control does not preclude a revival of unemancipated status inasmuch as it has generally been held that “the move from one parent's home to the other parent's home does not constitute emancipation as th[e] child is neither self-supporting nor free from parental control” ( Matter of Burns v. Ross, 19 A.D.3d 801, 802, 796 N.Y.S.2d 450; see Matter of Stabley v. Caci–Stabley, 68 A.D.3d 1682, 1683, 891 N.Y.S.2d 845; cf. Donnelly, 14 A.D.3d at 812–813, 788 N.Y.S.2d 466). In this case, the child did not immediately move in with the father after flouting the mother's rules ( cf. Donnelly, 14 A.D.3d at 812–813, 788 N.Y.S.2d 466). Rather, he engaged in treatment for his addiction and then resumed living under the supervision and control of a parent while attending school. We thus conclude that the facts of this case are distinguishable from those in Donnelly.

We reject the mother's contention that, because the father stipulated to the earlier order, he was required to establish an unanticipated and unreasonable change of circumstances ( see generally Matter of Boden v. Boden, 42 N.Y.2d 210, 213, 397 N.Y.S.2d 701, 366 N.E.2d 791). Despite the father's stipulation that the child was emancipated, “[t]he child ... is not bound by the terms of [that] agreement” ( id. at 212, 397 N.Y.S.2d 701, 366 N.E.2d 791), and the issue in this case is the child's right to receive adequate support ( see generally Matter of Brescia v. Fitts, 56 N.Y.2d 132, 139–140, 451 N.Y.S.2d 68, 436 N.E.2d 518). Even assuming, arguendo, that the father was required to show an unanticipated and unreasonable change of circumstances, we would nevertheless conclude that the child's substance abuse treatment and return to parental custody and control constitute such a change of circumstances ( see generally Winnert–Marzinek v. Winnert, 291 A.D.2d 921, 921, 737 N.Y.S.2d 200).

In our view, the reversion to unemancipated status under the facts of this case would promote the underlying statutory principles requiring parents to support children until they reach the age of 21 ( see Hamdy, 203 A.D.2d at 958, 612 N.Y.S.2d 718). Inasmuch as “[t]he record amply supports the finding that the parties' son lived with [the father] during the relevant period and was not emancipated, ... an award of child support [to the father is] appropriate” ( Matter of DiOrio v. Rossman, 73 A.D.3d 1352, 1352, 899 N.Y.S.2d 920). We therefore reverse the order insofar as appealed from, grant that part of the father's motion seeking an award of child support and remit the matter to Supreme Court to calculate the amount of child support owed by the mother to the father.

It is hereby ORDERED that the order insofar as appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law without costs, that part of defendant's motion seeking an award of child support is granted, and the matter is remitted to Supreme Court, Niagara County, for further proceedings.