Rohde v. Rohde

LYNCH, J.

Randolph V. Kruman, Cortland, for appellant.

Kristine M. Shaw, Ithaca, for respondent.

Margaret McCarthy, Ithaca, attorney for the children.

Opinion

LYNCH, J.

Appeal from an order of the Family Court of Chemung County (Rich Jr., J.), entered August 22, 2014, which, among other things, in three proceedings pursuant to Family Ct. Act article 6, modified a prior order of custody and visitation.

Petitioner (hereinafter the mother) and respondent (hereinafter the father) are the parents of two children (born in 1998 and 2001). In September 2013, Family Court (Brockway, J.) issued an order granting joint legal custody with physical custody to the father and parenting time to the mother. Specifically, with respect to the younger child, the mother was granted parenting time every other weekend, with overnights subject to the child's approval. With respect to the older child, the court ordered that parenting time was to occur subject to that child's approval. In February 2014, the mother filed an enforcement petition alleging that the father violated the September 2013 order. After temporary orders were issued in March 2014 and May 2014 limiting the mother's contact with the children to telephone calls, the mother filed two more enforcement petitions alleging that each of these orders was violated. After a Lincoln hearing and a fact-finding hearing, Family Court (Rich Jr., J.) dismissed each of the petitions, and the mother's parenting time was suspended. The mother now appeals.

Initially, inasmuch as the mother did not object after the

September 2013 custodial order was modified twice during the pendency of the fact-finding hearing, we find that the mother's argument that Family Court deprived her of due process by suspending her parenting time is not preserved for our review (see Matter of Tisdale v. Anderson, 100 A.D.3d 1517, 1517, 955 N.Y.S.2d 708 2012; Matter of Castillo v. Luke, 63 A.D.3d 1222, 1223, 880 N.Y.S.2d 726 2009; Matter of Young v. Collins, 37 A.D.3d 1014, 1016, 830 N.Y.S.2d 611 2007 ). Moreover, notwithstanding her initial petition, the mother also requested, at the initial appearance and while represented by counsel, a “change in custody” based on the father's conduct following the entry of the September 2013 order. Later, the attorney for the children sought confirmation, without dispute, that the mother sought to convert the violation petition to one for modification of the prior custody order. Under the circumstances, therefore, we have no doubt that the mother was on notice that custody was at issue in these proceedings (see Matter of Vanita UU. v. Mahender VV., 130 A.D.3d 1161, 1163, 12 N.Y.S.3d 661 2015, lv. dismissed and denied 26 N.Y.3d 998, 19 N.Y.S.3d 219, 41 N.E.3d 78 2015; Matter of Kowatch v. Johnson, 68 A.D.3d 1493, 1495, 891 N.Y.S.2d 534 2009, lv. denied 14 N.Y.3d 704, 2010 WL 1077293 2010 ).

Turning to the merits, a parent seeking to modify an existing custody order must “demonstrate[ ] a change in circumstances that warrants an inquiry into the best interests of the child[ren]” (Matter of Schlegel v. Kropf, 132 A.D.3d 1181, 1182, 18 N.Y.S.3d 480 2015; see Matter of Vanita UU. v. Mahender VV., 130 A.D.3d at 1163, 12 N.Y.S.3d 661). To determine whether modification is in the children's best interests, we consider such factors as “the relative fitness, stability, past performance, and home environment of the parents, as well as their ability to guide and nurture the children and foster a relationship with the other parent” (Matter of Shokralla v. Banks, 130 A.D.3d 1263, 1264, 13 N.Y.S.3d 690 2015 [internal quotation marks and citation omitted] ). The wishes of older, more mature children, while not dispositive, may support a finding of a change in circumstances and may be considered when determining their best interests (see Matter of Jones v. Moore, 129 A.D.3d 1400, 1401, 12 N.Y.S.3d 360 2015; Matter of Colona v. Colona, 125 A.D.3d 1123, 1126, 4 N.Y.S.3d 333 2015 ).

Here, although Family Court did not make an express finding with regard to change in circumstances, we have the authority to independently review the record to determine

whether such circumstances existed (see Matter of Clouse v. Clouse, 110 A.D.3d 1181, 1183, 973 N.Y.S.2d 409 2013, lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 858, 2014 WL 112404 2014 ). In our view, and as noted by Family Court, the “extraordinarily damaged relationship” between the mother and the children was a sufficient change in circumstances to warrant consideration of the children's best interests. While there was conflicting testimony before the court with regard to the behavior of the parents and the father's girlfriend towards each other in front of

the children, these credibility issues were for the court to resolve (see Matter of Colona v. Colona, 125 A.D.3d at 1126, 4 N.Y.S.3d 333; Matter of Bond v. MacLeod, 83 A.D.3d 1304, 1306, 921 N.Y.S.2d 671 2011 ). Having found that there was a sufficient change in circumstances, we further find that, based on the evidence and giving the requisite deference to Family Court's credibility findings, the record provides a sound and substantial basis for its determination that suspension of the visitation order was in the children's best interests (see Matter of Colona v. Colona, 125 A.D.3d at 1126, 4 N.Y.S.3d 333).

ORDERED that the order is affirmed, without costs.

LAHTINEN, J.P., GARRY, ROSE and DEVINE, JJ., concur.

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Notes:

Lincoln hearing (see Matter of Lawrence v. Kowatch, 119 A.D.3d 1004, 1006 n. 1, 989 N.Y.S.2d 526 2014 ). We must reiterate that, however well intended the trial court may have been, protecting the child's right to confidentiality, as promised, “remains a paramount obligation” in Family Ct. Act article 6 proceedings (Matter of Julie E. v. David E., 124 A.D.3d 934, 937–938, 1 N.Y.S.3d 431 2015; see Matter of Susan LL. v. Victor LL., 88 A.D.3d 1116, 1119 n. 4, 931 N.Y.S.2d 189 2011; Matter of Hrusovsky v. Benjamin, 274 A.D.2d 674, 676, 710 N.Y.S.2d 198 2000 ).

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