MUSSI v. ASTRUE

(R. at 46 — 47).

Plaintiff began vocational rehabilitation in 2007, and his therapists were not hopeful about his future employment prospects. (R. at 48). They recommended that he seek disability. (R. at 48). Plaintiff was placed on medications for his psychological issues, but at the time of the hearing his medications were not providing him with much relief. (R. at 49). Plaintiff claimed that he suffered side effects from his medications and he often could not get out of bed. (R. at 40 — 50). He has been fully compliant with his medication regimen. (R. at 50 — 51).

Plaintiff testified that his left shoulder and hands gave him difficulty. (R. at 35). While serving in Iraq, a Humvee accident caused him to hit the dashboard of the vehicle and injure his left shoulder. (R. at 35). An orthopedic doctor in Erie informed him that he was a candidate for shoulder replacement, but that he was too young. (R. at 35). The doctor told Plaintiff that he would just have to deal with the pain. (R. at 35). When he sought second opinions in Pittsburgh, the Pittsburgh doctors could find nothing wrong with his shoulder. (R. at 35). Yet, Plaintiff also stated that testing conducted at some point had found a pinched nerve in his spine that was causing his shoulder pain. (R. at 35 — 36).

Plaintiff's shoulder pain prevented him from lifting his left arm, and his pain had been so bad that he once went to a hospital to get pain medication. (R. at 36). As a result of his left shoulder, he did not use his left arm much, and avoided picking up objects with it. (R. at 37).

With respect to his hands, Plaintiff claimed that he experienced uncomfortable swelling and numbness. (R. at 35). Numbness was particularly pronounced when he was using his hands consistently, such as with typing or writing. (R. at 38). As a result, Plaintiff often drops things. (R. at 37). Holding objects often give him the feeling of being electrically shocked, which in turn force him to let go of whatever he is holding. (R. at 37). Plaintiff has not received treatment for his hands. (R. at 39).

As a result of his psychological and physical condition, Plaintiff has given up all pleasurable activities and hobbies. (R. at 51 — 52). His interactions with others in public were limited mostly to helping his wife with grocery shopping. (R. at 52).

A vocational expert, Ms. Kurtanich, testified regarding the availability of employment for a hypothetical person limited to: light work activity that is simple and repetitive in nature involving routine work processes and settings not involving teamwork; activities involving no more than incidental interaction with the public; activities not involving high stress — high stress being defined as high quotas or close attention to quality production standards; and, activities not involving overhead reaching or lifting with the left, non-dominant arm as an integral part of the job. (R. at 54). Ms. Kurtanich stated that a hypothetical person of Plaintiff's age, education, work experience, and limitations had a variety of employment options available. (R. at 54). The person could work as a warehouse checker, with 100,000 positions in the national economy; could work as a ticket taker, with 105,000 positions in the national economy; and could work as a ticketer, with 160,000 positions in the national economy. (R. at 54).

The ALJ asked Ms. Kurtanich what would be available if the hypothetical person was further limited to only sedentary work. (R. at 54). Ms. Kurtanich testified that such a person could work as a surveillance system monitor, with 230,000 positions in the national economy; a document preparer, with 200,000 positions in the national economy; and a ticket check, with over one million positions in the national economy. (R. at 55). These jobs could be completed sitting or standing. (R. at 55). According to Ms. Kurtanich, the hypothetical person would not have job opportunities available if he was unable to report for work or would have to leave work on an irregular basis three or more times per month; if he would be off task fifteen percent of the work day; if he would react inappropriately to supervision by either ignoring supervisors or reacting negatively to supervision; or, if once a week he would have difficulty concentrating for about two hours at a time. (R. at 55 — 56).

IV. STANDARD OF REVIEW

Judicial review of the Commissioner's final decisions on disability claims is provided by statute. 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) and 1383(c)(3). Section 405(g) permits a district court to review transcripts and records upon which a determination of the Commissioner is based.

Section 405(g) provides in pertinent part:

Any individual, after any final decision of the [Commissioner] made after a hearing to which he was a party, irrespective of the amount in controversy, may obtain a review of such decision by a civil action . . . brought in the district court of the United States for the judicial district in which the plaintiff resides, or has his principal place of business

42 U.S.C. § 405(g).

Section 1383(c)(3) provides in pertinent part:

The final determination of the Commissioner of Social Security after a hearing under paragraph (1) shall be subject to judicial review as provided in section 405(g) of this title to the same extent as the Commissioner's final determinations under section 405 of this title.

42 U.S.C. § 1383(c)(3).

The district court's role is limited to determining whether substantial evidence exists in the record to support the ALJ's findings of fact. Burns v. Barnhart, 312 F.3d 113, 118 (3d Cir. 2002). Substantial evidence is defined as "more than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate" to support conclusion. Ventura v. Shalala, 55 F.3d 900, 901 (3d Cir. 1995) (quoting Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971)). Additionally, if the ALJ's findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, they are conclusive. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Richardson, 402 U.S. at 390. A district court cannot conduct a de novo review of the Commissioner's decision nor re-weigh evidence of record. Palmer v. Apfel, 995 F.Supp. 549, 552 (E.D. Pa. 1998); see also Monsour Medical Center v. Heckler, 806 F.2d 1185, 90-91 (3d. Cir. 1986) ("even where this court acting de novo might have reached a different conclusion . . . so long as the agency's factfinding is supported by substantial evidence, reviewing courts lack power to reverse either those findings or the reasonable regulatory interpretations that an agency manifests in the course of making such findings."). To determine whether a finding is supported by substantial evidence, however, the district court

must review the record as a whole. See 5 U.S.C. § 706.

To be eligible for social security benefits under the Act, a claimant must demonstrate that he cannot engage in substantial gainful activity because of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of at least 12 months. 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(1)(A); Brewster v. Heckler, 786 F.2d 581, 583 (3d Cir. 1986).

The ALJ must utilize a five-step sequential analysis when evaluating the disability status of each claimant. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520. The ALJ must determine: (1) whether the claimant is currently engaged in substantial gainful activity; (2) if not, whether the claimant has a severe impairment or a combination of impairments that is severe; (3) whether the medical evidence of the claimant's impairment or combination of impairments meets or equals the criteria listed in 20 C.F.R., pt. 404 subpt. P., appx. 1; (4) whether the claimant's impairments prevent him from performing his past relevant work; and (5) if the claimant is incapable of performing his past relevant work, whether he can perform any other work which exists in the national economy. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4); see Barnhart v. Thomas, 540 U.S. 20, 24-25 (2003).

If the claimant is determined to be unable to resume previous employment, the burden shifts to the Commissioner (Step 5) to prove that, given plaintiffs's mental or physical limitations, age, education, and work experience, he or she is able to perform substantial gainful activity in jobs available in the national economy. Doak v. Heckler, 790 F.2d 26, 28 (3d Cir. 1986).

V. DISCUSSION

Plaintiff argues that the ALJ failed to account adequately for the severity of his physical limitations resulting from a left shoulder injury and carpal tunnel syndrome, and the psychological limitations stemming from depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. ( Id.). Defendant responds that the ALJ's determination was supported by substantial evidence; the ALJ assessed the credibility of Plaintiff's subjective complaints, and adequately discussed and relied upon the findings of medical professionals' conclusions in the record. (Docket No. 12 at 9 — 13).

A. Treatment Notes and Physicians' Opinions

Plaintiff's first objection to the ALJ's decision is that the ALJ failed to consider properly the opinions of Plaintiff's treating physicians and other medical personnel respecting Plaintiff's physical and psychological limitations. (Docket No. 8 at 3 — 9). Had the ALJ properly considered the entire record, Plaintiff asserts he would be entitled to DIB. ( Id.).

Defendant counters that the ALJ relied upon, and gave the greatest weight to, the opinions and findings of actual physicians and other medical personnel who were entitled to some degree of deference when making limitations findings. (Docket No. 12 at 10 — 14). Defendant asserts that Plaintiff would rather the ALJ have favored the opinions of medical personnel who were not "acceptable medical source[s]" under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513. ( Id.). Instead, the ALJ accounted for and properly relied upon the opinions of acceptable medical sources when rendering his decision. ( Id.). Further, Defendant claims that Plaintiff has not demonstrated how the ALJ's RFC assessment failed to accommodate Plaintiff's medically determinable limitations, and also did not provide examples of objective medical evidence sufficient to contradict the findings of the physicians upon which the ALJ relied. ( Id.).

"A cardinal principle guiding disability eligibility determinations is that the ALJ accord treating physicians' reports great weight, especially `when their opinions reflect expert judgment based on a continuing observation of the patient's condition over a prolonged period of time.'" Morales v. Apfel, 225 F.3d 310, 317 (3d Cir. 2000) (quoting Plummer v. Apfel, 186 F.3d 422, 429 (3d Cir. 1999)); see also Brownawell v. Commissioner of Social Security, 554 F.3d 352, 355 (3d Cir. 2008); Rocco v. Heckler 826 F.2d 1348, 1350 (3d Cir. 1987); Allen v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 37, 41 (3d Cir. 1989); Podedworney v. Harris, 745 F.2d 210, 217-18 (3d Cir. 1984). And reports from consulting physicians who have examined the claimant and rendered assessments on conditions within their respective area of expertise are to be given appropriate evidentiary weight, which will vary based on the circumstance and the other medical evidence presented. Gordils v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 921 F.3d 327, 328 (1st Cir. 1990) (citing Rodriguez v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 647 F.2d 218, 223 (1st Cir. 1981) (weight to be afforded a consulting/examining physician's report "will vary with the circumstances, including the nature of the illness and the information provided the expert."). For example, where the consulting/examining physician's report constitutes the only probative medical evidence on the condition in question, it may be entitled to great or even controlling weight. See Reid v. Chater, 71 F.3d 372, 374 (10th Cir. 1995) (examining physician's report accorded significant weight where it was the only medical assessment on point and corroborated by other evidence). Similarly, examining physician's reports that rest on objective clinical test results may be entitled to significant or controlling weight. See Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 751 (9th Cir. 1989).

While it is not expected that the ALJ's explanation match the rigor of the "medical or scientific analysis" a medical professional might provide in justifying his or her decisions, when rejecting a treating physician's findings or according such findings less weight, the ALJ must be as "comprehensive and analytical as feasible," and provide the factual foundation for his decision and the specific findings that were rejected. Cotter, 642 F.2d at 705. The explanation should allow a reviewing court the ability to determine if "significant probative evidence was not credited or simply ignored." Fargnoli, 247 F.3d at 42. While the explanation need not reference every relevant treatment note in a voluminous medical record, the ALJ, as the factfinder, should consider and evaluate the medical evidence thoroughly. Id. In doing so the ALJ "cannot reject evidence for no reason or for the wrong reason." Morales v. Apfel, 225 F.3d 310, 317 (3d Cir. 2000) (citing Mason v. Shalala, 994 F.2d 1058, 1066 (3d Cir. 1993)). Nor can he "substitute his lay opinion for the medical opinion of experts," or engage in "pure speculation" unsupported by the record. Id. at 318-19; Daring v. Heckler, 727 F.2d 64, 70 (3d Cir. 1984).

The ALJ concluded that objective testing of Plaintiff's physical ailments revealed his ability to do at least light work not requiring overhead reaching or lifting with his left arm. (R. at 16). The ALJ first looked to the results of diagnostic testing: on January 19, 2006, x-rays of Plaintiff's left shoulder were normal; in October of 2006, imaging of the left shoulder showed possible injury or degeneration of the joint, but the findings were largely unremarkable; nerve conduction studies of Plaintiff's arms for carpal tunnel syndrome on January 29, 2007 showed only minimal affliction; lumbar spine imaging in February of 2007 showed only minor abnormality; and, an MRI of Plaintiff's brain in June of 2007 had normal results. (R. at 16). Also, occupational therapy records from May of 2007 showed Plaintiff's upper extremities were within functional limits. (R. at 16).

The examination undertaken in conjunction with the physiatric evaluation conducted by Dr. Costa affirmed the findings revealed by diagnostic testing. Dr. Costa found some abnormality in Plaintiff's left shoulder and cervical spine, but noted that he had very good musculature of his upper extremities, and his upper extremities were otherwise intact, with the exception of some pain and weakness in the left shoulder. (R. at 16). State agency physician Dr. Van Tran also indicated that Plaintiff's medical record showed the ability to perform a full range of light work. (R. at 16). The ALJ also noted Plaintiff's own report of daily activities which include independence in personal care and grooming, the ability to drive, the ability to ride a tractor and tend to a farm, and the ability to help his wife with grocery shopping. (R. at 16). The ALJ concluded that while Plaintiff had medically determinable shoulder and carpal tunnel impairments, the evidence of record showed these conditions were not so severe as to preclude Plaintiff from light work. (R. at 17).

The applicable standard requires the ALJ to support his findings with substantial evidence for his determination to be conclusive. Ventura, 55 F.3d at 901; 42 U.S.C. § 405(g); Richardson, 402 U.S. at 390. In his decision, the ALJ relied upon objective findings by medical sources and diagnostic medical testing, analyzed the significance of the evidence, and provided a sound factual foundation for his decision. Cotter, 642 F.2d at 705. Moreover, Plaintiff has not shown how the ALJ failed to accommodate his physical limitations, or failed to cite contradictory evidence that would support his contention that his physical limitations prevented him from working. As such, the ALJ's determination with respect to Plaintiff's physical limitations is supported by substantial evidence.

With respect to Plaintiff's psychological limitations, the ALJ relied almost exclusively on the report from the consultative evaluation conducted by Dr. Schwabenbauer. (R. at 13 — 15). The ALJ observed that based on neuropsychological testing, Dr. Schwabenbaur indicated that plaintiff did not exhibit significant cognitive dysfunction. (R. at 15). Dr. Schwabenbaur opined that Plaintiff's intelligence was average, his memory was above average, and his language, perception, and attention were fairly well-preserved. (R. at 15). Dr. Schwabenbauer found no signs of traumatic brain injury, and Plaintiff showed no slowness in processing speed. (R. at 15). The ALJ indicated that Dr. Schwabenbauer noted that Plaintiff presented with significant complaints of depression and anxiety consistent with PTSD but that Plaintiff was responding well to his medication regime. (R. at 15).

The ALJ further observed that Plaintiff's mental state could vary widely in response to environmental stressors, with plaintiff often becoming angry or argumentative. (R. at 13 — 15). The ALJ nevertheless found that Plaintiff was able to function independently, and his treating sources generally noted his ability to communicate and act appropriately. (R. at 13). Even when Plaintiff voluntarily ceased taking his medications, his treating sources noted that at times he was alert, euthymic, had a wide range of affect, thought logically, and was relaxed, open, and appropriate. (R. at 15 — 16). Thus, the ALJ reasoned that limiting Plaintiff to light work involving simple, repetitive tasks, routine work processes and settings, without the need for teamwork, no more than incidental interaction with the public, no high stress, no quotas, and no close attention to quality production standards, was sufficient to account for Plaintiff's psychological limitations. (R. at 14).

Plaintiff highlights a list of records that the ALJ did not explicitly analyze in his decision, and argues that based upon the failure to discuss these records — including the opinions of treating medical professionals and Plaintiff's GAF scores — the ALJ's determination was not supported by substantial evidence. (Docket No. 8 at 3 — 10). Plaintiff notes the details of one of these records — the RFC assessment completed by Ms. Watt — as exemplifying why the medical record does not support the ALJ's determination. ( Id.). Defendant argues that Ms. Watt, a nurse practitioner, is not an "acceptable medical source" under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(a), and her limitation findings are not entitled to controlling weight. (Docket No. 12 at 14).

A medical source's opinion is necessary for an ALJ to determine medical impairments. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(a). "Acceptable medical sources" are limited to licensed physicians, licensed or certified psychologists, licensed optometrists, licensed podiatrists, and qualified speech-language pathologists. Id. Opinions and assessments from "other sources" may be used to provide additional evidence about the symptoms, diagnoses, and prognoses of any impairments identified by acceptable medical sources. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d) ("Other sources" that may be used to show the severity of impairments include "nurse practitioners, physicians' assistants, neuropaths, chiropractors, audiologists, and therapists . . ."). Such sources may not be used to establish the existence of an impairment. See Dougherty v. Astrue, 2010 WL 2075875 at 2 (3d Cir. 2010) (chiropractor's decision "should not be given `controlling weight' because . . . the opinion of a chiropractor is not an `acceptable medical source' capable of establishing a determinable impairment").

Moreover, the Administration has promulgated Social Security Ruling 06-03p to better accommodate the way health care is administered and managed today. As another member of this court recently noted:

Social Security regulations state that evidence of a claimant's impairment may be provided by "other" medical sources, including, among others, licensed clinical social workers and therapists. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(d). In the past, this evidence was given little weight compared to that provided by "acceptable medical sources." However, Social Security Ruling 06-03p, "Considering Opinions and Other Evidence from Sources Who Are Not `Acceptable Medical Sources' in Disability Claims; Considering Decisions on Disability by Other Governmental and Non-governmental Agencies," reflects recent changes in how medical care is provided in this country. That is, managed health care and the emphasis on containing medical costs has resulted in medical sources such as nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and licensed clinical social workers assuming a greater percentage of the treatment and evaluation functions previously handled by physicians and psychologists. The opinions of these medical sources, although not technically "acceptable medical sources" under Social Security rules, are to be evaluated on key issues such as impairment severity and functional effects, although their opinions cannot establish the existence of a medically determinable impairment. The weight given to such evidence will vary according to the particular facts of the case, the source of the opinion, including that source's qualifications, the issue(s) that the opinion is about, and many other factors. Furthermore, the opinions are to be evaluated using the same factors as those used in weighing the opinions of acceptable medical sources, e.g., how long the source has known and how frequently he has seen the individual; how consistent the opinion is with other evidence; the degree to which the source presents relevant evidence to support an opinion; how well he explains his opinion; whether he has a specialty or area of expertise related to the individual's impairment(s); and any other factors that tend to support or refute the opinion. Finally, the ALJ's discussion of these opinions should include information about the weight given to them so subsequent reviewers may understand the ALJ's reasoning, particularly when those opinions may have an effect on the outcome of the case.

Smith v. Astrue, 2008 WL 4853757, * 7 n. 16 (W.D. Pa. November 6, 2008).

Against the above backdrop, it is clear that Dr. Schwabenbaur's report cannot carry the weight the ALJ assigned to it. It was based on a one-time neuropsychological consult that was designed to assess Plaintiff's cognitive and behavioral functioning. It did not speak to the other numerous aspects of the record highlighting the ramifications from plaintiff's poor emotional health that suggest or imply that plaintiff is disabled from the limitations produced by his mental health impairments. The record is replete with assessments by plaintiff's mental health service providers indicating that on numerous occasions plaintiff's psychological impairments produce disabling limitations notwithstanding ongoing treatment. A review of plaintiff's medications and the rather constant effort to adjust and vary them with only limited success further substantiates these mental health service providers' assessments. And when these aspects of the record properly are taken into account, a single consultative neuropsychological evaluation undertaken to assess plaintiff's cognitive and behavioral functioning does not supply substantial evidence to displace these assessments.

First, to the extent defendant takes the position that the ALJ was free to discount substantially the treating mental health providers, the position is contrary to the defendant's regulations and ruling on "other source" treatment providers and undermined significantly by the context surrounding plaintiff's course of treatment. As a veteran, plaintiff sought treatment at the VA Medical Center in Erie and was treated through a mental health care clinic conducted under the control of the VA. For over two years plaintiff was treated with a variety of psychotherapy sessions and a plethora of medication. His major depressive disorder, PTSD, hyper-vigilance and episodic dyscontrol syndrome repeatedly produced symptoms that were highlighted by an array of mental health providers, including a behavior science specialist, certified registered nurses, psychologists, a social worker and an occupational therapist. Each of these sources noted the ongoing fluctuations in plaintiff's emotional health and the symptoms that repeatedly manifest themselves. Each recorded their treatment and observations of plaintiff over the course of that treatment. Adjustments in plaintiff's medication regime were made based on this course of treatment.

The treating and prescribing physicians/psychiatrists obviously placed a great deal of reliance on the mental health care providers at the clinic and made adjustments in plaintiff's treatment regime based on their competence and observations in providing treatment. To discount such assessments to the point where they virtually are cast aside because they are not the literal words of the treating physician fails to place these assessments in context and acknowledge the validity the actual doctors overseeing plaintiff's treatment at the VA clinic placed in them. Defendant's regulations on acceptable medical sources and other source providers do not sanction such an approach and we see no good reason to ignore the setting and context in which these assessments were rendered.

All treating sources noted or rendered assessments indicating plaintiff's poor emotional health was an impediment to his maintaining employment in a competitive environment. And these assessments were based on a longitudinal picture of plaintiff's emotional and psychological health.

Ms. Watt provided mental health treatment in the form of psychotherapy to Plaintiff from November 6, 2007 until at least the last session reflected in the record — February 26, 2008. (R. at 402, 415). These therapy sessions were completed prior to her RFC assessment on June 8, 2008. (R. at 381). As the most recent assessment of Plaintiff's ability to engage in substantial gainful employment, and considering her treatment history with Plaintiff, Ms. Watt's assessment has substantial probative value. Amongst the aforementioned limitations, Ms. Watt designated Plaintiff's abilities in the following areas as `Poor':

1. Relate to co-workers;

2. Deal with the public;

3. Interact with supervisors;

4. Deal with work stress in the usual work setting;

5. Maintain attention/concentration;

6. Understand, remember and carry out complex job instructions;

7. Understand, remember and carry out detailed, but not complex job instructions;

8. Maintain personal appearance;

9. Behave in an emotionally stable manner; and,

10. Demonstrate reliability.

(R. at 380 — 81). These findings find overwhelming support from Plaintiff's many other treating sources. None were discussed by the ALJ in making his determination.

For example, no mention was made of Dr. Costa's findings regarding Plaintiff's mental health. The examination by Dr. Costa was completed only three days prior to the consultative examination by Dr. Schwabenbauer. In his examination, Dr. Costa noted numerous psychological conditions, including amnesia, anosognosia, cognitive deficiency with behavior disorder, depression and episodic dyscontrol syndrome, and PTSD, which persisted. (R. at 243-44). Dr. Costa further found that notwithstanding the many different medications and medication adjustments that had been implemented, Plaintiff's medication regimen might have in fact been harming Plaintiff's psychological state, and he recommended substantial changes to it. (R. at 243-44). In addition, Dr. Costa prescribed Zyprexa, a psychotropic agent for the treatment of schizophrenia and bi-polar disorder. The nature of the numerous psychological conditions highlighted by Dr. Costa and the need to drastically change plaintiff's medication regime speak volumes about the effectiveness of treatment up to that point and the need for additional measures to bring plaintiff's emotional health under control.

Moreover, at the outset both Mr. Steg and Ms. Teresi noted that Plaintiff's psychological state impeded, if not precluded, Plaintiff from being employed. (R. at 327, 348). Mr. Steg treated Plaintiff for PTSD, depression, and anxiety, all of which worsened when Plaintiff experienced difficulty with any aspect of his personal life. (R. at 322, 331). Ms. Teresi found Plaintiff to have difficulty controlling his mood and impulses, his cognition was often impaired, and his insight and judgment were limited. (R. at 327). Though Plaintiff's symptoms exhibited periods of stability, events in Plaintiff's personal life often made the efforts to stabilize the symptoms from his PTSD and depression difficult. (R. at 258, 263, 277, 294, 299, 308-18, 325). Similarly, Dr. Shreve reported excellent progress by Plaintiff until the news of Dr. Shreve's departure surfaced in September of 2006 and sent Plaintiff into a rapid downward spiral which Dr. Shreve described as regression. (R. at 426). Ms. Watt also found that Plaintiff's psychological condition fluctuated greatly depending on his personal circumstances. (R. at 402, 404, 407, 413-15).

Notes from other consultative examinations further corroborated these assessments. On May 31, 2007, Ms. MacIsaac noted memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and deficient problem-solving and reasoning. (R. at 231-32). Plaintiff had difficulty maintaining attention and coping with distractions, and difficulty with planning, decision-making, time management, and organization. (R. at 232-33). On May 31, 2007, Ms. Mioduszewski noted that Plaintiff's visual motor assessment indicated personality disturbance, he had difficulty maintaining attention, he had a deficit in impulse control, he showed poor planning and organizational skills, was frustrated when completing tasks, and showed signs of aggressive thoughts. (R. at 235-36).

The seemingly constant search for an effective medication regime also corroborated the assessments by plaintiff's treating mental health providers. Plaintiff was on at least eleven different medications for varying time periods, at varying doses, during the two years of treatment at the VA clinic. There were numerous instances where treatment providers observed that medication was at best limited and often ineffective in bringing plaintiff's psychological health under control. Ms. Buzzard's observed that Plaintiff simply was not responding to these medications. (R. at 423). Ms. Teresi's treatment notes indicated that even when a medication change improved one of Plaintiff's many psychological conditions, others went unchanged or worsened. (R. at 258). Ms. Watt's treatment notes indicated that Plaintiff's anger remained uncontrolled and his medication needed some adjustment. (R. at 403-04, 414). Dr. Costa came to the conclusion that the medication therapy had not been effective and further significant changes should be tried.

At the very best, the record of Plaintiff's ongoing medical treatment strongly suggested that his psychological conditions and related symptoms were very difficult to control. At worst, it suggested that those conditions and symptoms were beyond a form of medical management that would make Plaintiff able to cope with the rigorous demands of substantial gainful activity.

Against this backdrop, the ALJ erred in using Dr. Schwabenbaur's assessment virtually as a basis to dismiss the treating mental health providers' assessments over a two year period. First and foremost, Dr. Schwabenbaur merely conducted "an initial neuropsychological consultation to determine [plaintiff's] current level of cognitive and behavior functioning." Neuropsychology is "[t]he branch of [clinical] psychology that deals with the relationship between the nervous system, especially the brain, and cerebral or mental functions such as language, memory, and perception." American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/neuropsychology. It is devoted to understanding how the brain and nervous system affect human functioning on a daily basis. Advanced Psychological Assessment, P.C., http://www.advancedpsy.com/1_what_is_neuropsychology-page-3.html. A clinical neuropsychologist has special expertise in the applied science of brain-behavior relationships. See National Academy of Neuropsychology, www.nanonline.org.,http://199.73.206?NAN/Files/PAIC/PDFs/NANPositionDefNeuro.pdf. "The training that a neuropsychologist receives enables him or her to understand the test findings within the context of how the brain of the person who is being evaluated is functioning. This entails a detailed knowledge of brain anatomy, the roll that different brain areas serve and how these functions are likely to be impacted by various disorders such as Down's Syndrome, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, ADHD, seizures and acquired brain injuries." http://www.advancedpsy.com/1_what_is_neuropsychology-page-3.html.

Dr. Schwabenbaur's evaluation consisted of a battery of neuropsychological testing to measure cognitive, emotional and behavior functioning. The tests measured verbal and performance intelligence, verbal working memory and other measures of intellectual functioning such as processing speed, visuospatial processing, two-dimensional visuospatial processing, and higher levels of executive and memory functions. Oral language, repetition in word fluency, comprehension, word-finding and visual construction tasks also were tested. Plaintiff tested in the average to above-average percentiles in all of these areas.

Dr. Schwabenbaur conducted a clinical interview and received an oral history from plaintiff. He also conducted one test that would shed some light on plaintiff's emotional health: the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory — Second Edition. He reviewed service records reflecting plaintiff's tours of duty and records of plaintiff's treatment for depressive disorder and PTSD at the Erie V.A. Medical Center — specifically counseling "with Mr. Robert Martin." No mention was made of any of the treatment providers or the details of treatment outlined above.

As to emotional health, Dr. Schwabenbaur noted that the personality assessment revealed a pattern of performance consistent with a belief by plaintiff that he had a marked/severe degree of psychological distress and the absence of resources to cope with that distress. Review from other parts of the examination indicated that plaintiff did have numerous resources to assist in coping with his psychological distress. As to plaintiff's actual emotional health, Dr. Schwabenbaur noted that plaintiff "does acknowledge marked feelings of depression and anxiety."

Dr. Schwabenbaur's conclusions were that plaintiff did not present with any significant cognitive dysfunction and the test findings "do not appear consistent with those frequently seen following traumatic brain injury. In contrast, he does present with significant complaints of depression and anxiety, including mood disturbance, traumatic recollections, and emotional dyscontrol." R. 249. Testing also confirmed "fairly intense feelings of anxiety." R. 249. Dr. Schwabenbaur's diagnosis was PTSD. He was under the impression that plaintiff was responding to the medication prescribed and had fairly clearly defined goals. R. 249. He recommended stress management techniques, ongoing group therapy and "a psychiatric referral as well, given his persistent complaint's of depression." R. 249. Thus, far from discounting or undermining the significance of and potential limitations from Plaintiff's poor emotional health, Dr. Schwabenbaur actually corroborated the existence of the same impairments and recommended ongoing treatment for the symptoms from them.

Dr. Schwabenbaur's examination and assessments cannot bear the weight the ALJ assigned to them. The testing and assessments were primarily aimed at assessing plaintiff's cognitive levels of functioning and established a point verified in other parts of the record: plaintiff did not present with symptoms consistent with traumatic brain injury. His levels of cognitive functioning, verbal and performance intelligence, word fluency, memory recall, and processing speed were average to above average. Plaintiff's treating mental health providers did not base the vast majority of their assessments on perceived deficiencies in these areas or on the presence of numerous symptoms that would be suspected to be caused by traumatic brain injury.

In contrast, Dr. Schwabenbaur's assessments as to plaintiff's emotional health were quite consistent with both the symptoms observed by the mental health providers and their assessments of plaintiff's psychological/emotional health. He reported that plaintiff presented with PTSD, depressive disorder, anxiety, mood disturbance, traumatic recollections, and emotional dyscontrol. His recommendations for introduction to stress management techniques, group therapy and a psychiatric referral fall far short of suggesting that plaintiff's numerous symptoms from his poor emotional health were controlled to the point that he could handle the stressors and rigor of the workplace as limited by the ALJ's RFC assessment. And any doubt about the impact that properly could be assigned to Dr. Schwaberbaur's assessments in this area must be tempered by his understanding that plaintiff's emotional health was responding well to medication, a proposition that Dr. Costa had obliterated just three days prior to Dr. Schwaberbaur's one-day consultative examination after an examination and review of the two years of treatment at the clinic.

It is well-settled that an ALJ is not free to rely on a few isolated and selective excepts from the medical evidence to inform his assessment of a plaintiff's residual functional capacity. See Kent, 710 F.2d at 114 (A single piece of evidence is not substantial where it is overwhelmed by other evidence or if it is not evidence but mere conclusion.); Cotter v. Harris, 642 F.2d 700, 706 (3d Cir. 1981) ("Substantial evidence can be considered as supporting evidence only in relationship to all the other evidence in the record."). The ALJ's efforts to extrapolate from Dr. Schwaberbaur's report a sound basis for discounting the specific assessments made by Plaintiff's treating mental health providers lacks a logical foundation. And given the corroborating medical and other information contained in the treating records, it is clear that the ALJ's rejection of Plaintiff's therapists, counselors, medication management nurses and treating psychiatrist's assessments in such a wholesale manner cannot stand. C. Subjective Complaints

The ALJ also erred in failing to give plaintiff's report of mental and emotional limitations adequate consideration and weight in evaluating the record, and in dismissing them based only upon the findings of Dr. Schwabenbauer and statements Plaintiff made about his daily activities. The Act recognizes that under certain circumstances the subjective reporting of limitations may in itself may be disabling:

[a]n individual's statement as to pain or other symptoms shall alone not be conclusive evidence of disability . . .; there must be medical signs and findings, established by medically acceptable clinical or laboratory diagnostic techniques, which show the existence of a medical impairment that result from anatomical, physiological or psychological abnormalities which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain or other symptoms alleged and which, when considered with all evidence required to be furnished under this paragraph (including statements of the individual or his physician as to the intensity and persistence of such pain or other symptoms which may reasonably be accepted as consistent with the medical signs and findings), would lead to a conclusion that the individual is under disability.

42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(A); Green v. Schweiker, 749 F.2d 1066 (3d Cir. 1984). The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has set forth a four-prong standard to be used by district courts when reviewing assessments of the Commissioner based on subjective reports of significant limitations: (1) subjective complaints are to be seriously considered, even where not fully confirmed by objective medical evidence; (2) subjective complaints may support a claim for disability benefits and may be disabling; (3) when such complaints are supported by medical evidence, they should be given great weight; and finally, (4) where the claimant's testimony about the reported limitation is reasonably supported by medical evidence, the ALJ may not discount the limitation without contrary medical evidence.Ferguson v. Schweiker, 765 F.2d 31 (3d Cir. 1985).

In evaluating such limitations, an ALJ must accord subjective complaints the same treatment as objective medical reports, in that he must weigh all the evidence before him and explain his or her reasons for crediting and/or rejecting such evidence. Burnett v. Commissioner of Social Security, 220 F.3d 112, 122 (3d Cir. 2000). In doing so serious consideration must be given to subjective complaints where a medical condition exists that could reasonably produce such complaints. Mason v. Shalala, 994 F.2d 1058, 1067-68 (3d Cir. 1993). When medical evidence provides objective support for the subjective complaint, the ALJ can only reject such a complaint by providing contrary objective medical evidence. Mason, 994 F.2d at 1067-68. And "in all cases in which pain or other symptoms are alleged, the determination or decision rationale must contain a thorough discussion and analysis of the objective medical and the other evidence, including the individual's complaints of pain or other symptoms and the adjudicator's personal observations. The rationale must include a resolution of any inconsistencies in the evidence as a whole and set forth a logical explanation of the individual's ability to work." Schaudeck v. Commissioner of Social Security, 181 F.3d 429, 433 (3d Cir. 1999) (citing S.S.R. 95-5p at 2 (1995)).

In his decision, the ALJ glossed over Plaintiff's subjective complaints, summarily rejecting them merely by citing the findings of Dr. Schwabenbauer and some of Plaintiff's own statements regarding his daily activities. (R. at 13 — 15). The ALJ further attempted to discount Plaintiff's description of his limitations by citing Plaintiff's statements that before his poor emotional health, he enjoyed horseback riding, motorcycle riding, video games, and sky diving. (R. at 16 — 17). Yet the ALJ failed to explain how Plaintiff's former hobbies, as well as his ability to dress himself, perform household chores, and help his wife shop for groceries undermined in any meaningful way the limitations repeatedly noted to be caused by his PTSD, depression, anxiety and episodic dyscontrol syndrome.

Plaintiff's claim that his anger-management issues inhibited his ability to find and maintain suitable employment is corroborated by the objective medical evidence. His claims of an inability to concentrate and irritability that often rendered him incapable of taking part in daily activities also is supported by the objective medical evidence. Plaintiff's claim that his medications provided him with little relief was well supported. The treating mental health providers' notes were replete with references to these and similar symptoms and limitations. The basic activities of daily living and reference to once-enjoyed hobbies hardly can be said to provide sufficient counter medical evidence to discount plaintiff's testimony. In all, as with the objective medical evidence, the weight of the subjective evidence supports the view that plaintiff was disabled within the meaning of the Act. The ALJ presented little to contradict this evidence. As such, there was not substantial evidence to discount Plaintiff's subjective accounts in such a manner.

VI. CONCLUSION

Based upon the foregoing, it is clear that the ALJ provided substantial evidence to support his determination that Plaintiff's physical limitations did not preclude him from performing light work. The evidence referenced by the ALJ in support of his assessment of Plaintiff's psychological impairments and the degree and impact the limitations therefrom have on Plaintiff's ability to engage in substantial gainful activity was taken out of context and unsupported extrapolations were drawn therefrom.

A reviewing court may award benefits "only when the administrative record of the case has been fully developed and when substantial evidence as a whole indicates that the plaintiff is disabled and entitled to benefits." Podedworney v. Harris, 745 F.2d 210, 222 (3d Cir. 1984). The record comes very close to satisfying this standard. Nevertheless, Plaintiff suffers from psychological impairments that were believed to be susceptible to control through treatment and medication. Furthermore, during treatment Plaintiff experienced some upturns in mood and functionality and there is little evidence about the likely duration of Plaintiff's poor emotional health at any given time or whether his PTSD, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and episodic dyscontrol syndrome are or should be recognized as recurrent and systemic. In addition, the ALJ did not make thorough findings about the impact of the consistent limitations produced by Plaintiff's psychological impairments and examine in detail the treating mental health providers' assessments and observations in accordance with the standards in 06-03p. Nor did he discuss and make findings about Plaintiff's medication regime and the persistent need to make adjustments to that regime. Given this lack of completeness in the administrative record, it is inappropriate to award benefits at this juncture.

In light of the above, Plaintiff's Motion for Summary Judgment will be granted; Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment will be denied; the decision of the Commissioner will be vacated and the matter will be remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Appropriate orders will follow.