RANDALL v. PACKARD

GRAY, J.

This action was brought to recover the sum of $23,000; as a balance claimed to be due to the plaintiff for professional services rendered to the defendant, in the capacity of his attorney at law. The answer admitted the employment of the plaintiff; but denied that his services were worth more than the sum of $2,000, which had been paid to him. Upon the trial the nature of the services rendered was testified to. It appears that the plaintiff had subscribed the sum of $125,000 to the capital stock of the Perry Stove Company, a corporation organized in Albany, N.Y. and, in part payment of his subscription, had transferred to the company certain foundry property, at a valuation of $45,000, and had given to it his promissory note for $10,000, which was held by a bank under discount. He was being pressed for the payment of the balance of his subscription and, becoming dissatisfied with the project, was desirous of being relieved of his agreement and of getting out of the matter entirely. To accomplish his release, he employed the plaintiff as his attorney and, negotiations for an amicable settlement failing, the latter commenced an action, in equity, for his client, to set aside the subscription and to compel a re-conveyance of the foundry property and the return of the note. The complaint was based upon charges of fraud and deceit in procuring the defendant to join in the corporate enterprise. Answers were made to the complaint, putting its allegations in issue; but, before the cause came on for trial, a compromise was effected between the parties. It is fair to infer from the evidence that it was made because of the delay which would ensue in organization and of the cloud which would or might be cast over the enterprise. The interests of the company were deemed better subserved by a settlement, than by a protracted litigation. As the result of the compromise, this defendant received back from the company his foundry property and his note; he subscribed the sum of $5,000 to the same corporate enterprise, but with a capitalization of $300,000, instead of $500,000; and the equity action he had instituted and the action at law against him to compel the payment of the balance of his subscription were discontinued. The plaintiff's own evidence as to the promise of the defendant to pay him $25,000, in the event of a successful result, was flatly contradicted by the defendant and the evidence of lawyers examined by him upon the question of the value of the services, he had testified to performing for the defendant, was as flatly contradicted by that of lawyers examined in behalf of the defendant. As to the parties litigant, the question of an agreement to pay the sum of $25,000, or any fixed sum, depended upon the credibility to be attached to their several statements; while the question of the value of the plaintiff's services, under the circumstances detailed, was apparently not much helped in its solution by the irreconcilable evidence of the expert witnesses. The jury, after being charged by the trial judge, rendered a verdict of $10,000 for the plaintiff; being less than half of the plaintiff's claim. Whatever our opinion might still be as to the amount awarded by the jury, upon the evidence before them, we are concluded from any expression by their verdict and, if there was no error committed upon the trial, the judgment must stand.

At the conclusion of the charge, the defendant's counsel excepted "to that part of the charge in which the court charged that the main element of value is result.' That exception is the sole error urged by the appellant as ground for reversal of the judgment below. The precise language of the trial judge, to which the exception related, was this: "But the main element after all in determining the value of a lawyer's services is the result of his labor." If this statement had stood alone and without anything which could be regarded as qualifying it, it would have been distinctly erroneous and misleading as to the law; and the defendant would have been entitled to a reversal of the judgment. The result of a lawyer's services is an element in determining their value and it is, unquestionably, a very important one. Had the learned trial judge said that the result was one of the main elements, he would have been right. There are several other elements, which must be equally considered in determining the amount of an attorney's compensation, and unless the jury were instructed as to the importance of their consideration; or if they were so instructed, concerning the importance of the result attained for the client, as to mislead them into the belief that they were at liberty to base their estimate entirely, or principally, upon that result, there would have been distinct error. The general rule is that an attorney, in the absence of an agreement, deserves compensation according to the reasonable worth of his services. Of that the jury are the sole judges and, to arrive at their value, they may consider the nature of the services rendered, the standing of the attorney in his profession for learning, skill and proficiency, the amount involved and the importance to his client of the result. The reason why the result is one of the important factors in the consideration must be obvious. It not only is some evidence of the usefulness of the services; but, for its effects upon the situation of the client, relatively to what it had been, it must be conceded a degree of influence, in fixing the amount of the attorney's compensation proportioned to the nature and incidents of the result, in connection with the other considerations adverted to. The trial judge, in the previous portion of his charge, said to the jury that "several circumstances must enter into the computation" in estimating value and he proceeded to state them; reviewing, in connection with their statement, the evidence in the case. He had said that the professional reputation of the lawyer for ability and integrity; the difficulty and importance of the case; the amount of work and labor performed; the amount involved and the pecuniary ability of the client were to be considered and it was after a rather general discussion of these considerations, that he stated that "the main element after all in determining the value of a lawyer's services is the result." Despite what had been said by the judge, I should still hesitate to say that the jury may not have been seriously misled by the undue emphasis laid upon the result, as a factor in the determination of the question of value. If there was nothing more we might very reasonably and justly hesitate to hold in this case, where the evidence was sharply conflicting upon the value of the plaintiff's services, that the jury were clearly instructed how to consider that evidence and by what legal rules they were to be guided in reaching a verdict upon the issues. But, in our judgment, the possibility of a belief by the jury that the judge was intending to lay down a rule of law, by the statement in question, was removed by the remark with which he followed up his statement. He immediately added that "a charge must be adjusted to the benefit, in a measure at all events. So you inquire what was the benefit to the defendant, rendered by this plaintiff. Undoubtedly a lawyer — and every lawyer is governed by that consideration — will not charge a client as much if the client be unsuccessful. * * * You must look to the benefit." And the judge showed that the result was all that this defendant had hoped for. Thus, the remarks which followed upon the remark, which was excepted to, so qualified it as to correct its generality of expression and showed that what was meant was that the lawyer's charge must be adjusted in a measure to the benefit resulting to his client. The jury could not have failed then to understand that while the result was an element of considerable importance to be considered, it was only one of several elements which had been discussed by the judge. We must read these remarks as they were heard; that is, consecutively, and as the summing up by the judge of the various considerations which the jury were to entertain. We do not think that it would be just to order a reversal of this judgment upon an exception taken to the remark of the trial judge; which, however erroneous if standing by itself, was so coupled with other observations, as to accomplish a modification of its apparent emphasis and to give a more correct definition of the true relation which the result of services rendered bears to the consideration of the question of their actual value. The defendant, by an appropriate request to charge, might very easily have covered the point, if he thought it left in doubt. As the case stands, we cannot say that there was such error in the charge as to justify us in ordering a new trial of the issues.

The other appeal by this defendant concerns the denial of his motion for a new trial. After the recovery by the plaintiff of a judgment against the defendant, the latter's attorney, upon his affidavit and upon the proceedings had, moved the court for an order granting a new trial. His affidavit stated that, prior to the trial, he had heard rumors that the plaintiff had been disbarred at some time in Boston, Massachusetts; and that, at the time of the trial, he was unable to procure any evidence of the fact. It then gave, from the testimony of the plaintiff upon the trial, the following extract from his cross-examination:

"Q. Were you a member of the bar in Boston?

"A. I was.

"Q. Are you now?

"A. I am.

"Q. Never disbarred in Boston?

"A. Never. I brought a certificate when I left Boston — from the clerk — from the chief justice, which I have in my hat. I was a member of all the courts."

The affiant then stated that he had procured "the record of disbarment of plaintiff;" which was annexed to his affidavit. The record referred to contained an order of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, held within and for the county of Suffolk, for the transaction of criminal business, on the first Monday of October, 1864, the Hon. L.F. BRIGHAM, a justice of said court, presiding, and entitled "in the matter of Samuel H. Randall, an attorney at law etc." After a recital of certain facts, which were found by the court to constitute a "violation of his oath of office as an attorney at law" and to render him "guilty of malpractice and gross misconduct in his office," it was ordered that "for these causes he is removed from the office of an attorney at law within this commonwealth." In opposition to the motion, Randall submitted an affidavit; in which he swore that the portion of his testimony referred to was true and that he was never disbarred by the Superior Court, or by any other court. He proceeds in the affidavit with statements regarding the validity of the proceedings in the Superior Court, to the effect that no charges had been filed; that the court had no jurisdiction and that he had never been validly removed, as proved by the annexed certificates of the clerks of the Superior Court and of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. The certificate of the clerk of the Superior Court showed that there were no charges on file against Randall and that upon its docket was simply an entry, made in January, 1865, of the order of October, 1864, made by Judge BRIGHAM. The certificate of the clerk of the Supreme Court, dated in April, 1866, stated the date of Randall's admission to practice; that there was no evidence of his having been removed from his office of attorney and that his name still appeared upon the records as such. Upon the facts shown, it was Randall's claim that, never having been tried upon any charges, as he was entitled to by the law, the order of the Superior Court was ineffectual and without jurisdiction in the judge to make; that it was neither a court order, nor a record of disbarment and that it affirmatively appeared, from the clerk's certificate produced, that his name was still upon the roll of attorneys and that he had not been disbarred. For this defendant, Packard, it was claimed that the record showed a disbarment, and, in support of the argument, the case of Randall v. Brigham (7th Wallace U.S. Rep. 523) was cited. That was an action brought by Randall against Judge BRIGHAM, of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, to recover damages for his alleged wrongful acts, and the ground relied upon appears to have been, in substance, that the judge's acts were not judicial, for want of jurisdiction, and, hence, he could claim no immunity from liability because of his judicial office. The case came up to the United States Supreme Court, in 1868, and it was there held that the Superior Court of Massachusetts was a court of general jurisdiction, having authority to admit and to remove attorneys; that the order of Judge BRIGHAM was an order of the court; that it was the result of an inquiry into his conduct before that court upon notice and that the notice through a letter of the judge to Randall to appear, however informal, was sufficient to set in motion the authority of the court and to call upon Randall to explain the charge against him. The Circuit Court below had directed a verdict for Judge BRIGHAM, the defendant, and the Supreme Court found no error in that ruling. That decision must be regarded as establishing, only, that the proceeding instituted in the Superior Court by Judge BRIGHAM was valid in all respects, so far as it operated upon Randall as a trial and a judgment. The question, then, which was presented to the court below, upon the hearing of the defendant's motion, was whether the plaintiff Randall, in denying that he had been disbarred, had sworn falsely upon the trial and whether, if that was the fact, there should be a new trial ordered. Of course, there was no ground of any newly discovered evidence; for the affidavit of the defendant's attorney shows that he had heard, before the trial, of rumors that defendant had been disbarred. We may observe, in passing, that, if the defendant intended to rely for defeating the plaintiff's claim upon evidence of his having been disbarred, he should have had his proofs in readiness. It appears that he was not forced to proceed with the trial and that he refused to consent to any delay. However, as the question came before the court below, it was one of fact, to be determined upon the proofs adduced. There had been no conviction, establishing conclusively the commission of perjury by the plaintiff, and it was for the court to consider and to say, upon the proofs on either side, whether the plaintiff had sworn falsely upon some material point. It decided adversely to the defendant's application and refused a new trial. In arriving at that decision, it was not without the support of sufficient evidence and, as the General Term of the court have affirmed the decision of the Special Term, we think the matter ended there and ceased to be further reviewable in this court. It was not only a matter calling for a consideration by the court of evidence both ways; but it was an application addressed to its discretion.

We fully recognize the fact that the Superior Court record established that plaintiff had been found guilty of malpractice and of gross misconduct in his professional capacity, while in practice as an attorney at law, in Massachusetts; but, upon all the evidence, it was open to question whether that order had ever become effective as a removal of Randall from office. Upon that point, opinions might differ. That the plaintiff evaded giving exact information in answer to counsel's question is very true; but, under the peculiar circumstances, he was entitled to give his answer in accordance with his opinion as to the legal result of the proceedings taken for his disbarment. Further questioning by defendant's counsel might, possibly, have elicited from Randall the facts, as they actually occurred in Boston. While he could not truthfully have testified that no judgment or order for his removal from his office had ever been made and entered; yet, inasmuch as it seemed to be a debatable question, admitting of opposing inferences, whether he had ever been actually disbarred, in the legal sense of the expression, in stating that he had not been, it cannot be said, as matter of law, that he swore falsely. Our conclusion upon this appeal, therefore, is that the decision of the court below, upon this defendant's application for a new trial, is not reviewable here.

The judgment and the order, from which these two appeals have been taken, should be affirmed, with costs.

All concur, except FINCH, J., dissenting, and PECKHAM, J., not voting.

Judgment accordingly.