Negligence. Street Railway. Carrier, Of passengers. Practice, Civil, Conduct of trial.
At the trial of an action for personal injuries to the plaintiff while a passenger on an electric car of the defendant, there was evidence which tended to show that, after the plaintiff became a passenger, the air brakes and the electric controller at the front of the car ceased to work and that the car was operated by the use of hand brakes and the controller at the rear, that the plaintiff, learning of this condition, talked of changing to a different car, but that, upon his protesting to the conductor, he was assured by him that the car was safe and would reach its destination on time, that the car, in going down a hill at the foot of which was a sharp curve of which the plaintiff knew, ran at a very rapid and dangerous rate of speed, and that the plaintiff, having in mind the hill and the curve, became alarmed and, leaving his seat, stood in the doorway, whence he thought he could jump if occasion demanded it. While he was so standing, the car reached the curve and gave a lurch, and the sliding door closed on the plaintiff's hand, causing the injury. Held, that there was evidence warranting a finding of due care on the part of the plaintiff and of negligence on the part of the defendant; and that, under the circumstances, the plaintiff could not be said as a matter of law to have assumed the risk of his injury by leaving his seat and standing in the doorway.
Where a passenger on an electric car learns that its condition is defective and has an opportunity to leave it and to take a different car which will reach his destination at a time suitable to him, but, being assured by the conductor that the car is safe and will reach the destination on time, remains thereon, he does not assume the risk of an injury which is caused by the defective condition of the car.
At the trial of an action for personal injuries received by the plaintiff while a passenger on an electric car of the defendant, an electric street railway company, the presiding judge charged the jury: "The defendant has the duties of a common carrier. Those duties involve the exercise by it of the utmost diligence consistent with the transaction of the business of an electric street railway company. . . . And I further believe that, when a common carrier undertakes to carry a person, it undertakes to carry him safely, and he does not assume a risk by the fact that he knows that there is some defect which might cause an accident. By inviting a person to become a passenger, the obligation arises on the part of the defendant to carry out the duties of a common carrier." Held, that the instruction could not have been understood by the jury as meaning that the defendant was held to the liability of an insurer, but only as stating generally the obligation of a common carrier to transport its passengers safely, from which it was not excused by the fact that a passenger knew of a defect which might cause an accident.
MORTON, J.
This is an action to recover for personal injuries received by the plaintiff while being carried as a passenger in a car operated by the defendant. There was a verdict for the plaintiff, and the case is here on exceptions by the defendant to the refusal of the presiding judge to give certain rulings that were asked for, and to certain instructions that were given.
There clearly was evidence warranting a finding that the car was out of repair and was run at an excessive rate of speed; in other words, of negligence on the part of the defendant. The principal contention of the defendant is that the plaintiff was not himself in the exercise of due care and assumed the risk of injury from the want of repair and the manner in which the car was operated, and that the presiding judge was in error in instructing the jury as he did "that, when a common carrier undertakes to carry a person, it undertakes to carry him safely, and he does not assume a risk by the fact that he knows that there is some defect which might cause an accident. By inviting a person to become a passenger the obligations arise on the part of the defendant company to carry out the duties of a common carrier."
The defendant contends that the plaintiff assumed the risk because he continued to ride in the car after he discovered that it was out of repair and was run at a dangerous rate of speed, instead of getting off and taking another car. But there was evidence tending to show that the conductor assured him that the car was safe, and the jury could not, therefore, properly have been instructed, as the defendant in effect requested that they should be, that the plaintiff assumed the risk. Moreover the defendant could not thus throw upon the plaintiff the burden of its own negligence, but was bound as the presiding judge in substance instructed the jury to exercise the highest degree of care consistent with the nature of its business to carry him safely.
Whether the plaintiff was in the exercise of due care in leaving his seat and going to the rear platform was, under the circumstances which the evidence tended to show, clearly a question for the jury, and we see no error in the instructions or refusals to instruct in relation to that matter.
The instruction that was excepted to and which is quoted above could not have been understood, we think, as meaning that the defendant was held to the liability of an insurer in respect to the safety of its passengers, but only as stating generally the obligation of a common carrier to transport its passenger safely, and that it was not excused from the performance of that duty by reason of the fact that the passenger knew of a defect which might cause an accident. The presiding judge had previously instructed the jury, as already observed, that the defendant was bound to exercise the highest degree of care consistent with the nature of its business. This distinctly negatived the idea that its liability was that of an insurer.
We see no error in the manner in which the presiding judge dealt with the case.
Exceptions overruled.