1. INSTRUCTION: Carrying Concealed Weapons. An instruction that "if you find from the evidence that the defendant had the pistol in the seat of his wagon, and so carried it, and did not have it concealed on or about his person, then you must find the defendant not guilty." is properly refused, for that it limits the jury's finding to a concealment "on or about his person." Under the statute (Sec. 4496, R.S. 1909) the pistol, though not actually on the person of accused, may be in such close proximity as to be within his easy reach and convenient control, and were such the fact the concealment would constitute the crime.
2. ____: Refusal of Correct: Covered by Others. It is not error to refuse a correct instruction if another given on the same subject contains a full and correct statement of the law applicable to the pertinent facts.
3. ____: Carrying Concealed Weapons: Intent. The defendant's intent to conceal the weapon may be inferred from direct testimony that it was concealed, and where there is such testimony an instruction as to his intent in carrying it is not required.
4. ____: ____: ____: No Specific Intent Required by Statute. The purpose of the statute was to prohibit the carrying of concealed weapons upon or about the person; and the rule is that, where the statute on which an indictment is based does not couple with the prohibited act any specific intent but makes the commission of the act itself the offense, it is not necessary that an instruction, otherwise fully embracing all the essential elements of the offense, should specifically mention the element of intent.
WALKER, J.
Appellant was charged by information in the Circuit Court of Adair County with carrying concealed weapons in violation of Section 4496, Revised Statutes 1909. Upon a trial he was convicted and sentenced to pay a fine of one hundred dollars. From this judgment he appeals.
Appellant was a huckster or vender of vegetables in the City of Kirksville. While plying his vocation he was approached in a threatening manner by one Kephart. Appellant rose from the seat on the wagon on which he had been sitting and drawing a pistol, either from the seat or his pocket, he shot Kephart in one of his legs.
The refusal of trial court to give instruction numbered 2 asked by appellant is assigned as error. This instruction is as follows:
"The court instructs the jury that if you find and believe from all the evidence that the defendant had the revolving pistol in the seat of his wagon at the time in question, and so carried it, and did not have the pistol concealed on or about his person, then you must find the defendant not guilty."
This instruction was properly refused because it failed to hypothecate the fact as to the appellant's guilt if the evidence showed that the pistol was concealed on the seat of the wagon and limits the jury's finding to a concealment "on or about the person" of the appellant. The words "on or about" as thus used are clearly intended to be so limited by the instruction. This is an incorrect statement of the law. Under the statute (Sec. 4496, R.S. 1909) defining this offense, the concealment, although not actually on the person, may be in such close proximity to the accused as to be within his easy reach and convenient control; and upon proof of this fact the offense is made out. [State v. McManus, 89 N.C. 555.]
However, if the essential condition omitted from this instruction appeared therein, no error can be predicated upon its refusal because of the giving of the following instruction, to-wit:
"The court instructs the jury that it is not necessary that the revolving pistol should be in the defendant's pocket of his clothing to constitute it a concealed weapon about his person. If you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the revolving pistol was in the pocket of the defendant's clothing and thereby concealed from view, or if you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the revolving pistol was not in the pocket of defendant's clothing but was in the seat of his wagon and concealed from view so that it could not be seen, then in either case such weapon was a concealed weapon about his person within the meaning of the law."
This instruction correctly declares the law in that it contains all the essentials necessary for the jury's consideration in determining as to the guilt or innocence of appellant under the evidence. The refused instruction does not do this but attempts by its terms to limit the words "on or about his person" to a concealment by the accused of the weapon in his wearing apparel. The fact of concealment constituting the gravamen of the offense, a construction which would limit the law as contended by appellant would defeat its purpose and render convictions in cases of this character difficult if not impossible.
The rule announced in State v. Carter, 259 Mo. 349, that when there is a contested issue of fact as to the concealment of the weapon or as to the intention of the accused in concealing same, the question of appellant's intent should be submitted to the jury by a proper instruction. In the Carter case there was no affirmative evidence of concealment of the weapon and the circumstances tended to corroborate the claim of the accused that it did not exist. Such are not the facts here. There was direct testimony that the weapon was concealed. "This," says the learned judge who wrote the opinion in the Carter case (page 359), "where the State's evidence shows that the weapon was concealed, is a sufficient prima-facie showing that the accused intended to conceal it, because from such proof it may well be inferred or presumed that he intended to do that which in fact he did do."
The legislative aim in the enactment of this statute was to prohibit the carrying of concealed weapons upon or about the person. In the face, therefore, of affirmative proof of this fact, an instruction as to intent is not required, not only for the reason stated in the Carter case, but under the more general rule that a presumption of intent is to be reasonably inferred from the commission of the act. Where it is shown that an act is forbidden by law the criminal intent is thereby consummated. [State v. Silva, 130 Mo. l.c. 463; King v. Philips, 6 East. 464.] In short, where the statute on which an indictment is predicted does not couple with the prohibited act any specific intent but makes the commission of the act itself the offense, as in the case at bar, then it is not necessary that an instruction covering the offense should specifically mention the element of intent, provided its terms are otherwise sufficient to include in a general way all the elements essential to the commission of the forbidden act. [State v. Pate, 268 Mo. l.c. 437; State v. Lentz, 184 Mo. l.c. 240; State v. Larew, 191 Mo. l.c. 199.]
The evil sought to be corrected is a serious one and the courts owe it to the public, as was well said by REYNOLDS, J., in State v. Hovis, 135 Mo. App. l.c. 546, "to see that the object of the statutes is not frittered away by a narrow construction." We therefore hold that this contention of appellant is not well founded.
There was substantial evidence of the concealment of the weapon. The jury so found and it is not within our province to disturb this finding. [State v. Barton, 209 S.W. 888.]
In the absence of any prejudicial error the judgment of the trial court is affirmed. All concur; Williams, J., in result.
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