CARRIERS: Carriage of Passengers — Limitation on Interstate Ticket. A passenger, in the use of an interstate excursion ticket, issued under a schedule filed with and approved by the interstate commerce commission, is conclusively held to know that he has no right to travel on any train except on the train specified in said schedule, even though he has been otherwise informed by the carrier's agent, has never seen the schedule, and even though the ticket itself shows no limitation to any particular train. It follows that damages consequent on being ejected from the train on which the passenger has no right to ride are non-recoverable, whether the action sound in contract or tort.
Headnote 1: 10 C.J. p. 739.
Headnote 1: 4 R.C.L. 1125.
MORLING, J.
The defendant made an excursion rate, schedule for which was approved by and filed with the interstate commerce commission. By this schedule the plaintiff's ticket was good only on train No. 16, which left Omaha in the morning. It was not good on No. 12, from which plaintiff was ejected. Plaintiff claims that he was not informed of that fact, and that no schedules were posted in the depot at Manning. The ticket showed no limitation to any particular train.
The provisions of the Interstate Commerce Act (8 U.S. Comp. Stat. 1916, Section 8569 et seq., U.S. Comp Stat. 1916, 1923 Supplement, Section 8569 et seq., and annotations) on the subject of rates are designedly stringent and unyielding, and thereby all sorts of discriminations and special favors are prohibited, under penalty for violation. Subterfuges for evasion are not only forbidden, but the policy of the law is to prevent them, by making them impossible. Permission to one customer to make use of a train other than those approved or allowed by the schedule would be to confer on him a special favor, in manifest violation of the terms and spirit of the act. The trial court conceded that, in an action ex contractu, the ticket would be void for train No. 12, but, holding that this action was ex delicto, thought that the defendant was liable for tort. Plaintiff's petition seems to sound in contract, rather than in tort. If it be conceded, however, that the action is ex delicto, it is manifest that to permit the carrier to suffer judgment for tort, such as for misrepresentation of the contents of the schedule, would widely open the door for granting special favors, and for evasion. The carrier would only have to concede that it had committed a wrong, make concession in settlement on account thereof, and thereby circumvent the law.
But apart from this, the rate fixed by the schedule is not simply a matter of contract, nor is the filing of the schedule merely a matter of notice. The schedule has the force of law. Both carrier and customer are bound to know the rate and its accompanying limitations and privileges. It makes no difference that the customer did not in fact see or know of the published schedule, nor is it material that the carrier knows of the agent's or the customer's ignorance. Herminghausen v. Adams Exp. Co., 167 Iowa 230; American R. Exp. Co. v. Daniel, 269 U.S. 40 (70 L. Ed. 154); American R. Exp. Co. v. Lindenburg, 260 U.S. 584 (67 L. Ed. 414); Western Union Tel. Co. v. Esteve Bros. Co., 256 U.S. 566 (65 L. Ed. 1094); Galveston, H. S.A.R. Co. v. Woodbury, 254 U.S. 357 (65 L. Ed. 301); Kansas City Southern R. Co. v. Carl, 227 U.S. 639 (57 L. Ed. 683); Chicago Alton R. Co. v. Kirby, 225 U.S. 155 (56 L. Ed. 1033); Sinclair Refining Co. v. Schaff (C.C.A.), 275 Fed. 769. Manifestly, there can be no actionable misrepresentation of that the truth whereof both parties are conclusively held to know, nor may the carrier be held as for a tort for ejecting a passenger whose ticket both parties are bound to know is invalid, and who refuses to pay his fare. Central of Georgia R. Co. v. Britt, 21 Ga. App. 314 (94 S.E. 283); Trezona v. Chicago G.W.R. Co., 107 Iowa 22; 10 Corpus Juris 739. — Reversed.
STEVENS, C.J., and FAVILLE, De GRAFF, ALBERT, KINDIG, and WAGNER, JJ., concur.