While both spouses were domiciled in New York, a wife obtained a decree of separation and alimony there. Later the husband obtained a Nevada divorce in a proceeding in which the wife was notified constructively and entered no appearance. He stopped paying alimony and the wife sued in New York for the amount in arrears. The husband appeared and defended on the ground of the Nevada divorce. The New York court granted the wife judgment for the arrears of alimony. The highest court of New York affirmed. Held: The New York judgment did not deny full faith and credit to the Nevada decree, since Nevada had no power to adjudicate the wife's rights in the New York decree of alimony. See Estin v. Estin, ante, p. 541. Pp. 556-557. 297 N.Y. 530, 74 N.E.2d 468, affirmed.
Opinion of the Court by MR. JUSTICE DOUGLAS, announced by MR. JUSTICE REED.
This is a companion case to Estin v. Estin, ante, p. 541, also here on certiorari to the Court of Appeals of New York.
The parties were married in New York in 1933 and lived there together until their separation in 1935. In 1940 respondent obtained a decree of separation in New York on grounds of abandonment. Petitioner appeared in the action; and respondent was awarded $60 a week alimony for the support of herself and their only child, whose custody she was given.
Petitioner thereafter went to Nevada where he continues to reside. He instituted divorce proceedings in that state in the fall of 1944. Constructive service was made on respondent who made no appearance in the Nevada proceedings. While they were pending, respondent obtained an order in New York purporting to enjoin petitioner from seeking a divorce and from remarrying. Petitioner was neither served with process in New York nor entered an appearance in the latter proceeding. The Nevada court, with knowledge of the injunction and the New York judgment for alimony, awarded petitioner an absolute divorce on grounds of three consecutive years of separation without cohabitation. The judgment made no provision for alimony. It did provide that petitioner was to support, maintain and educate the child, whose custody it purported to grant him, and as to which jurisdiction was reserved. Petitioner thereafter tendered $50 a month for the support of the child but ceased making payments under the New York decree.
Respondent thereupon brought suit on the New York judgment in a federal district court in Nevada. Without waiting the outcome of that litigation she obtained a judgment in New York for the amount of the arrears, petitioner appearing and unsuccessfully pleading his Nevada divorce as a defense. The judgment was affirmed by the Appellate Division, two judges dissenting. 271 A.D. 872, 66 N.Y.S.2d 798. The Court of Appeals affirmed without opinion, 297 N.Y. 530, 74 N.E.2d 468, but stated in its remittitur that its action was based upon Estin v. Estin, 296 N.Y. 308, 73 N.E.2d 113. Respondent does not attack the bona fides of petitioner's Nevada domicile.
For the reasons stated in Estin v. Estin, ante, p. 541, we hold that Nevada had no power to adjudicate respondent's rights in the New York judgment and thus New York was not required to bow to that provision of the Nevada decree. It is therefore unnecessary to pass upon New York's attempt to enjoin petitioner from securing a divorce or to reach the question whether the New York judgment was entitled to full faith and credit in the Nevada proceedings. No issue as to the custody of the child was raised either in the court below or in this Court. The judgment is
Affirmed.
MR. JUSTICE FRANKFURTER dissents for the reasons stated in his dissenting opinion in Estin v. Estin, ante, p. 549.
MR. JUSTICE JACKSON dissents for the reasons set forth in his opinion in Estin v. Estin, ante, p. 553.
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