1. The plea in abatement to the indictment of the accused for the burglary charged and for which he was convicted, properly construed, did not allege sufficient facts to show that such indictment was void and that the grand jury was without authority to return it, and such plea was properly overruled by the court.
2. The motion for new trial being upon the general grounds only, and it not appearing from the brief of the defendant in this court that such grounds are insisted upon, they will be deemed to have been abandoned, and the sufficiency of the evidence to authorize the defendant's conviction will not be passed upon, except to hold that the evidence does not demand a finding that he was not guilty as charged.
During the May term 1952 of Hall Superior Court, the grand jury of said county returned a true bill against Harold Hawkins, charging that on January 3, 1952, the defendant broke into and entered the storehouse of Mr. and Mrs. Claude E. Payne, taking therefrom certain property of the value of $500. The defendant pleaded not guilty, and the case came on for trial on May 13, 1952, during said May term 1952 of said superior court. At the trial the defendant interposed a plea in abatement to the indictment, alleging that "the grand jurors who have served at one regular term of the superior court are declared ineligible for jury duty at the next succeeding regular term," and that "said indictment is illegal because said grand jury who indicted him [at] the May term 1952 of the Superior Court of Hall County was the same grand jury that acted at the January term 1952." On said date the trial judge passed the following order: "The State having made an oral motion to dismiss the plea in abatement on the ground that it sets forth no cause in law for said plea, and after arguments, it is ordered and adjudged that said motion of the State be and the same is hereby sustained and said plea is hereby dismissed." To this judgment the defendant filed exceptions pendente lite on May 27, 1952. The defendant moved for a new trial on the general grounds, which motion was denied on June 24, 1952. To this judgment the defendant excepts to this court, assigning error also in his bill of exceptions on his exceptions pendente lite.
GARDNER, P. J.
1. It is true that Code § 59-114 provides that "Any juror who has served as a grand or traverse juror at any session of the superior courts . . shall be ineligible for duty as a juror at the next succeeding term of said superior court . . in which he has previously served; provided, that nothing herein contained shall prevent any traverse juror from serving as a grand juror at the next term of the superior court of his county; provided, further, that nothing herein contained shall apply to any court in any county wherein the grand jury box contains not exceeding 100 names and the petit jury box contains not exceeding 350 names." However, the defendant's plea in abatement is not sufficient to raise any question as to the legality of the indictment under which he was tried and convicted by reason of the illegality or ineligibility of the members of the grand jury or any member thereof. In the first place, it does not appear that the county wherein the defendant was indicted contained not exceeding 100 names in its grand jury box and not exceeding 350 names in its petit jury box, which it was necessary for the plaintiff to show before his plea in abatement would be sufficient in law under this statute. Such pleas are dilatory, and being so are not favored and must be strictly construed. They must be certain in intent and leave nothing to be supplied by intendment, and in considering them every inference must be taken against the person interposing such plea. See Meriwether v. State, 63 Ga. App. 667, 669 ( 11 S.E.2d 816). Such a plea must conform with strict exactness as to form, and contain all essential averments pleaded with accuracy. U.S. v. Greene, 113 Fed. 683.
In the next place, the disqualification or ineligibility of a grand juror or grand jurors to serve as such at one term because he or they served as a member or members of the grand jury at the immediately preceding term of the court is a disqualification propter defectum. See West v. State, 19 Ga. App. 142 ( 91 S.E. 216). In such a case, where possible, the question of the ineligibility of the juror or jurors to serve must be made before they act and return the true bill. See Parris v. State, 125 Ga. 777 ( 54 S.E. 751). It has been held that where a defendant was arrested and made bond, or was arrested and remained in jail, and was apprised of the fact that the grand jury which indicted him would investigate the charges against him, a challenge as to the competency of any member or members of such grand jury must be made. See West v. State, supra and cit.; Parris v. State, supra. "When the accused seeks, after the finding of the indictment, to raise the objection that one of the grand jurors was disqualified proper defectum, it is incumbent upon him to show that he did not have an opportunity to raise the objection before the indictment was found." Payne v. State, 29 Ga. App. 156 ( 114 S.E. 226), citing Parris v. State, supra. When such a disqualification of a grand juror is urged by plea in abatement, "before the indictment should be quashed it must affirmatively appear that the accused did not have notice and opportunity to make the question by challenge before the finding of the indictment." Folds v. State, 123 Ga. 167 ( 51 S.E. 305). See also Turner v. State, 78 Ga. 174, and Tucker v. State, 135 Ga. 79 ( 68 S.E. 786). It does not appear from the plea in abatement interposed by the defendant that he did not have notice that the case against him would be investigated by the grand jury and did not have an opportunity to make the challenge as to the ineligibility of the grand jury that indicted him or any member thereof before this indictment was found. It follows that it does not appear from this plea in abatement or from the record that the trial court did not properly overrule and deny the same.
There is nothing in Tompkins v. State, 138 Ga. 465 ( 75 S.E. 594), to the contrary of anything held herein. It does not appear from the allegations contained in the plea in abatement that the action of the grand jury, during the May term 1952 in indicting this defendant was so illegal and unauthorized as to render the indictment void and nugatory.
2. The motion for a new trial in this case is upon the general grounds only, and nowhere in his brief does the defendant insist thereon. In fact, the only error argued therein is that the court erred in not sustaining the plea in abatement dealt with above. Therefore, the sufficiency of the evidence to support the verdict of the jury finding this defendant guilty as charged is not passed upon, except to say that a verdict finding him not guilty was not demanded under the evidence. There were no special assignments of error.
It follows that the court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for a new trial.
Judgment affirmed. Townsend and Carlisle, JJ., concur.