Negligence — Possessors of land — Conditions — Child trespassers — Restatement, Torts.
1. In this appeal from a judgment of nonsuit in which it appeared that the four year old plaintiff was injured by being pushed by a playmate onto defendant's unguarded lawn mower on defendant's land, it was Held that the evidence did not prove any breach of duty by the defendant to the plaintiff. [472-3]
2. Restatement, Torts, § 339, cited and distinguished. [473]
Mr. Justice MUSMANNO dissented.
OPINION BY MR. CHIEF JUSTICE BELL, March 17, 1964:
Plaintiff appeals from a judgment of nonsuit.
Plaintiff, a four-year-old child, was injured by being pushed by a playmate onto defendant's unguarded lawn mower. The child (and her parents) lived next door and she came on defendant's property through an open gate.
The owner of real property is not an insurer of the safety of persons who may come upon his land as invitees, licensees or trespassers, nor is he under a duty to make his lawn "child-proof." Although there was some evidence that defendant had constructive notice that children had previously played around his lawn mower, two of the factors required by Restatement, Torts, § 339, adopted as the law of Pennsylvania in Bartleson v. Glen Alden Coal Co., 361 Pa. 519, 64 A.2d 846, are absent. There is "no structure or other artificial condition" maintained by defendant on his land. To hold otherwise would be an unrealistic interpretation and distortion of those words. Moreover, the utility to this and every home owner or possessor of land is sufficiently important to outweigh the slight risks to trespassing children. The case on its facts is clearly distinguishable from Bartleson v. Glen Alden Coal Co., 361 Pa., supra, and, we repeat, does not come within all the requirements of Section 339.
The old attractive nuisance doctrine has been supplanted by the more modern statement of the law in Restatement, Torts, § 339. See also, excellent analysis and discussion in Prosser on Torts, second edition (Handbook of The Law of Torts) Ch. 15, sec. 76, pages 440-445.
To impose liability in this case would require a homeowner to put away his lawn mower every time his phone rang or his wife or child called, and he and his wife would often be unreasonably hampered in the enjoyment of their property and in the use of household equipment or appliances or in the performance of necessary duties pertaining to the home.
Judgment of nonsuit affirmed.
Mr. Justice MUSMANNO dissents.