Appeals — Final or interlocutory order — Order not precluding party from further action — Refusal of petition to amend caption of case — Leave to file an amended complaint.
1. Unless a special right to appeal is expressly given by statute, an appeal will lie only from a definitive order, decree, or judgment which finally determines the action. [431]
2. An order, judgment or decree is not final unless it terminates the litigation between the parties to the suit by precluding a party from further action in that court. [432]
3. In this case, in which it appeared that plaintiff brought suit against A, executor of the estate of X, deceased; that plaintiff petitioned to amend the caption of the case so that the name of defendant would read, A, also known as B, executor of the estate of X, deceased; that, after conducting an evidentiary hearing, and after finding that A and B were two distinct and different persons, the court below entered an order refusing to permit the caption of the case to be amended, but granting plaintiff leave to file a complaint naming B as executor of the estate of X; and that instead of filing such a complaint plaintiff appealed; it was Held that the order of the court below was interlocutory and unappealable.
OPINION BY MR. JUSTICE EAGEN, March 20, 1970:
On August 26, 1965, an automobile operated by John Casasanta collided in Mercer County with an automobile operated by Ervin J. Stanford. Stanford suffered injuries in the accident, but survived. Casasanta suffered injuries which caused his death. On September 13, 1965, letters testamentary were issued by the Register of Wills to Sullivan Cicerone as Executor of Casasanta's Estate.
On June 26, 1967, Stanford instituted this action in trespass by summons seeking damages for loss resulting from the accident. The defendant named in the action was Anthony Ralph Casasanta, Executor of the Estate of John Casasanta, deceased. On December 15, 1967, Stanford filed a petition in the court below for a rule to show cause why "the proceedings . . . should not be amended to show the name of the defendant as follows: Sullivan Cicerone, Executor of the Estate of John Casasanta, deceased." After argument, the court discharged the rule. Later, this order was vacated and Stanford, with the court's permission, filed an amended petition requesting a rule to show cause why the caption of the case should not be amended to read as follows: "Ervin J. Stanford v. Anthony Ralph Casasanta, also known as Sullivan Cicerone, Executor of the Estate of John Casasanta, deceased." The court then conducted an evidentiary hearing. After finding that Anthony Ralph Casasanta and Sullivan Cicerone were two distinct and different persons, it entered an order refusing to permit the caption of the case to be amended, but granting Stanford a period of twenty days to "file a complaint naming Sullivan Cicerone as Executor of the Estate of John Casasanta." Instead of filing such a complaint, Stanford filed this appeal. We will quash. The order is interlocutory and unappealable.
Stanford's petition was based on the contention that estoppel principles permitted the amendment.
We do not pass upon the correctness of the lower court's order. We are also cognizant that a motion to quash the appeal was filed but later withdrawn. However, an appeal will not lie from an interlocutory order even though the litigants may consent that the appellate court assume jurisdiction. Stadler v. Mt. Oliver Borough, 373 Pa. 316, 95 A.2d 776 (1953); Monnia's Estate, 270 Pa. 367, 113 A. 550 (1921).
As we stated in Stadler v. Mt. Oliver Borough, supra n. 2, at 317-318, 95 A.2d at 776-777: "By a veritable multitude of decisions it has been established that, unless a special right to appeal is expressly given by statute, an appeal will lie only from a definitive order, decree, or judgment which finally determines the action: (citing cases). The court cannot assume such appellate jurisdiction even by consent of the parties: (citing cases). Nor is an order, judgment or decree final unless it terminates the litigation between the parties to the suit by precluding a party from further action in that court: (citing cases)." (Emphasis supplied.) See also, Peterson v. Phila. Transportation Company, 435 Pa. 232, 255 A.2d 577 (1969).
Herein the order appealed from clearly did not terminate the litigation, but rather left the way open for Stanford to pursue his action against the proper party by filing a complaint within 20 days of the court's order
The situation present here is not analogous to Saracina v. Cotoia, 417 Pa. 80, 208 A.2d 764 (1965). In the instant case, the lower court went further than simply refusing Stanford's petition to amend.
In Saracina, this Court decided that a court order discharging a petition to amend a complaint [specifically, to change the name of the defendant] constituted a final order and was appealable in that the effect of that order was "to preclude plaintiff from any further action, the driver of the automobile [the person who should have been sued] not being before the court and no pleadings being present which allege control or supervision over the vehicle by its owner [the party who was, in fact, sued]." Saracina, supra at 83 n. 3, 208 A.2d at 765 n. 3.
Appeal quashed.