Unemployment compensation — Wilful misconduct — Unemployment Compensation Law, Act 1936, December 5, P.L. (1937) 2897 — Threatening superior.
1. An employe writing a letter threatening a superior with physical violence may properly be found to be guilty of wilful misconduct precluding his receipt of benefits under the Unemployment Compensation Law, Act 1936, December 5, P.L. (1937) 2897, when discharged as a result of such conduct. [369]
OPINION BY PRESIDENT JUDGE CRUMLISH, October 27, 1980:
A Pennsylvania Unemployment Compensation referee awarded benefits to Theodore Sisak. The Board reversed on the basis of willful misconduct. We affirm.
Although Section 402(e) of the Unemployment Compensation Law, Act of December 5, 1936, Second Ex. Sess., P.L. (1937) 2897, as amended, 43 P. S. § 802(e), controls compensation ineligibility for "willful misconduct" initiated discharges, only our Courts have sought a definition:
For behavior to constitute wilful misconduct, it must evidence (1) the wanton and wilful disregard of the employer's interest, (2) the deliberate violation of rules, (3) the disregard of standards of behavior which an employer can rightfully expect from his employes, or (4) negligence which manifests culpability, wrongful intent, evil design, or intentional and substantial disregard for the employer's interests or the employe's duties and obligations.
Kentucky Fried Chicken of Altoona, Inc. v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 10 Pa. Commw. 90, 97, 309 A.2d 165, 168-9 (1973).
Sisak was a United States Postal Service employee for 13 years. Subsequent to a verbal confrontation with his immediate supervisor (Mr. Nickler), Sisak sent a threatening letter to a superior in the Postal Service.
In the letter, Sisak stated that "Nickler is a psychiatric case, a con-artist, and a damm [sic] liar. If he so much as says a word to me their [sic] will be violence."
Sisak was advised of his removal for threatening a supervisor and denied unemployment compensation as a result of his willful misconduct.
Sisak argues that his actions not only lacked the requisite "consciousness of wrongdoing" necessary for willful misconduct, Unemployment Compensation Board of Review v. Bacon, 25 Pa. Commw. 583, 361 A.2d 505 (1976), but that it did not rise to the levels of conduct cited in Gallagher v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 42 Pa. Commw. 344, 400 A.2d 926 (1979) [off-duty employee's unprovoked abusive language and threats of violence toward a fellow employee on employer's premises]; Unemployment Compensation Board of Review v. Lee, 20 Pa. Commw. 154, 340 A.2d 586 (1975) [employee threatened supervisor with bodily harm after he refused to allow punching of time card for overtime]; and Wilson v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 15 Pa. Commw. 314, 325 A.2d 500 (1974) [employee threatened plant manager with bodily injury with alleged intent to frighten him]. This contention is without merit.
This Court has put no measurable perimeters on what constitutes a threat of violence sufficient to warrant a denial of benefits based on willful misconduct. We consider each case in its own factual matrix. Although Sisak's threat may not have been delivered directly to his immediate boss or couched in vulgar or explicit language, he wrote the letter, leaving no doubt as to the object of his venom and indeed threatened violence.
In denying benefits, the Board's decision accepted witness testimony to conclude that the letter's language was a threat to the supervisor. The record unquestionably disclosed substantial evidence to support the finding of willful misconduct.
The Board must weigh evidence and determine the credibility of witnesses, Borlak v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 15 Pa. Commw. 489, 326 A.2d 659 (1974), and findings supported by substantial evidence are binding on this Court. Simet v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, 40 Pa. Commw. 85, 396 A.2d 893 (1979).
Affirmed.
ORDER
The Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, dated April 26, 1979, denying benefits to Theodore Sisak is hereby affirmed.